Migração Infantil
o direito de crianças peruanas no Chile à reunificação familiar
Palavras-chave:
Migração infantil. Peru. Chile. Leis de proteção.Resumo
O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as formas como as crianças peruanas migrantes em Santiago, Chile, experienciam a reunificação familiar. O artigo considera as diversas maneiras pelas quais as estruturas multi-nacionais e sócio-jurídicas influenciam e, de certa forma, determinam a participação das crianças neste processo, pensando as crianças como sendo sujeitos de direitos e atores sociais. Além disso, este trabalho tem como objetivo contribuir para o debate que existe atualmente em torno do desenvolvimento de uma nova "política de imigração" no Chile. Recentemente, o governo do presidente Sebastian Piñera (2010-2014) apresentou um anteprojeto de Lei de Imigração e Nacionalidade ao Congresso para discussão e modificação. Vários instrumentos jurídicos internacionais ratificados pelo Estado chileno promovem e garantem o direito fundamental de crianças a viver com suas famílias. Tal é o caso da Convenção Internacional sobre a Proteção dos Direitos de Todos os Trabalhadores Migrantes e dos Membros de suas Famílias e da Convenção sobre os Direitos da Criança. No entanto, dada a complexidade dos processos migratórios, ocasionalmente este direito é gravemente violado por políticas migratórias (seja por restrição ou omissão), por condições de emprego precárias e habitação de famílias de migrantes, e pelas decisões dos adultos dos grupos familiares, geralmente feitas sem a opinião das crianças. Famílias migrantes, inevitavelmente, passam por fragmentações, o que afeta as relações e laços geracionais. Muitas vezes as crianças não tem o controle dos acontecimentos e das decisões que vão mudar substancialmente suas vidas.
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