Securitização e crimigração da migração venezuelana nas Américas (2022-2025): entre a “loteria do nascimento” e o Trem de Aragua

Resumo

This article analyzes the securitization and crimigration of Venezuelan migration in the Americas between 2022 and 2025. It argues that the criminalization of migrants is constructed through two main devices: the “birth lottery,” which hierarchizes nationalities and passports within the global mobility regime, and the discursive association of Venezuelan migrants with the Tren de Aragua (TDA), used to reinforce threat narratives. These constructions generate a tautology of fear that legitimizes restrictive policies, control practices, and an emerging regime of deportability in the region. The analysis shows how media discourses and bilateral deportation agreements between the United States, Mexico, and Central American countries consolidate a new regime of security and migration control, in which Venezuelan migrants occupy a particularly vulnerable position.