O “enigma do mundo” e o “problema da existência”: Notas sobre a interpretação nietzschiana do pessimismo de Schopenhauer

Résumé

In Book V of The Gay Science, Nietzsche claims that the importance of Schopenhauer’s philosophy resides in the fact that it asks a question ”” a questionthat is “terrible”, the question: “doesexistence has a meaning at all?” (GS 357).Schopenhauer’s pessimism is, thus,supposed to be a question, not the answerto a question, or the solution of a problem. The present article aims (a) to show, firstly,that Nietzsche has good reasons to take Schopenhauer’s philosophy to be fundamentally the formulation of a question, the exposition of a problem, the presentation of a riddle ”” the “riddle of the world”; (b) secondly, to show that Nietzsche has good reasons to equate theproblem of the value of existence with the riddle of the world; (c) thirdly, to indicate the crucial relevance of Schopenhauer’s conception of pessimism for the interpretation of Nietzsche’s concept of nihilism.