A ecologia do contato de línguas e os empréstimos lexicais árabes nas línguas não árabes do Senegal
Keywords:
Language contact; borrowing; Islam; languages of Senegal.Abstract
The medieval history of West Africa is marked by the big event of Islamization. Islam came to the region in the Middle Ages, thanks to itinerant merchants and marabouts. Its arrival entailed contact between the Arab (superstrate) and the languages of non-Arab Muslims (substrates), giving place to several loan-words. Words are often adopted because of their usefulness as well as of their lack in a specific a language as, for example, the expression "as-salamu alaicum" used as a greeting form in Senegal. There are lessons we can learn from this relation between the super-central language Arab, around which some languages revolve, from non-Arab Muslims in Senegal, as is the case with Wolof, Fulani, Toucouleur, Serer, Mandingo, Diola, Balanta, Manjaco, and Bambara. The present investigation shows that the Arabic loans affect more the lexical field of religiosity. The loan-words are so embedded in the daily lives of the Senegalese people that they do not suspect their foreign origin.
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