A favor da etnografia
Palavras-chave:
AntropologiaResumo
O tema que pretendo abordar neste trabalho diz respeito à pesquisa de campo e à etnografía. Tenho a intenção de desdobrar certas questões tratadas anteriormente sobre teoria e etnografía no âmbito de um debate sobre o estatuto teórico das ciências sociais brasileiras. Este é, portanto, um postscriptum ao texto anterior1. Uma motivação para continuar a tratar este tema surgiu da constatação de que não só no Brasil, mas também na Europa e Estados Unidos, outros cientistas sociais vinham questionando a etnografía ”” isto é, por motivos diversos, Rabinow falava de um estágio "beyond ethnography", Martyn Hammersley perguntava "what’s wrong with ethnography?" e Nicholas Thomas se posicionava "against ethnography"2.
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Referências
ARANTES, Paulo. 1991. Ideología Francesa, Opinião Brasileira. Novos Estudos CEBRAP 30: 149-161.
BAINES, Stephen. 1993. Primeiras Impressões sobre a Etnologia Indígena na Austrália. Série Antropologia 139. Universidade de Brasília.
BÉTEILLE, A. & T.N. MADAN (orgs.). 1975. Encounter and Experience: Personal Accounts o f Fieldwork. Honolulu: Hawaii University Press.
BYRD, Brian. 1972. Notes on Transference: Universal Phenomenon and Hardest Part of Analysis. Journal o f the American Psychoanalitic Association 20 (2): 267-301.
CARRIER, James. 1992. Occidentalism: the World Turned Upside-down. American Ethnologist 19 (2): 195-212.
CALVINO, Italo. 1988. Seis Propostas para o Próximo Milenio. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras.
CLIFFORD, James & George Marcus. 1986. Writing Culture. The Poetics and Politics o f Ethnography. The University of California Press.
CRAPANZANO, Vincent. 1980. Tuhami. Portrait o f a Moroccan. Chicago University Press.
DA MATTA, Roberto. 1973. O Ofício de Etnólogo ou como Ter Anthropological Blues. Comunicação do Museu Nacional 1. Rio de Janeiro.
______ ”¢ 1977. "Panema: Uma Tentativa de Análise Estrutural". In Ensaios de Antropologia Estrutural. Petrópolis: Vozes.
______ . 1981. Relativizando. Uma Introdução à Antropologia Social. Petrópolis: Vozes.
______ ”¢ 1992. "Relativizando o Interpretativismo". In Roberto Cardoso de Oliveira. Uma Homenagem (M. Correa & R. Laraia, orgs.). Campinas: Unicamp ”” IFCH. pp. 49-77.
DIAS DUARTE, L.F.. 1987. "Freud e a Imaginação Sociológica Moderna". In Freui. 50 Anos depois (Joel Birman, org.). Rio de Janeiro: Relume Dumará.
DUMONT, Louis. 1968. "Preface". In Les Nuer (Evans-Pritchard). Paris: Gallimard. pp. i-xv.
______ â– 1970. Religion, Politics and History in India ”” Collected Papers in Indian Sociology. Paris: Mouton.
______ â– 1978. La Communauté Anthropologiqueet I’ldeologie. L'Homme 18 (3/4): 83-110.
______ ”¢ 1980. "Towards a theory of hierarchy (Poscript)''. In Homo Hierarchicus. 3a. edição. The Chicago of University Press.
DWYER, Kevin. 1982. Moroccan Dialogues. Anthropology in Question. The Johns Hopkins University Press.
EVANS-PRITCHARD, E.E.. 1972. Antropologia Social. Seis conferências proferidas no 3 o Programa da BBC, inverno de 1950. Lisboa: Edições 70.
______ â– 1978. Bruxaria, Oráculos e Magia entre os Azande. Tradução de Eduardo Viveiros de Castro. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar Editores.
FERNANDES, Florestan. 1961. A Unidade das Ciências Sociais e a Antropologia. Anhembi 44 (132): 453-470.
FISCHER, Michael. 1985. Da Antropologia Interpretativa à Antropologia Crítica. Anuário Antropoló)gico/H3\ 55-72.
GEERTZ, Clifford. 1968. Islam Observed. Religious Development in Morocco and Indonesia. The University of Chicago Press.
______ . 1973. The Interpretation o f Cultures. New York, Basic Books.
______ . 1983. From the Native’s Point of View. In Local Knowledge. Further Essays in Interpretive Anthropology. New York: Basic Books.
______ . 1988. Works and Uves. The Anthropologist as Author. Stanford University Press.
GOODY, Jack. 1966. The Prospects for Social Anthropology. New Society, 13 de outubro.
HAMMERSLEY, Martyn. 1990. What’s Wrong with Ethnography? The Myth of Theoretical Description. Sociology 24 (4): 597-615.
HASTRUP, Kirsten. 1992. Out of Anthropology: the Anthropologist as an Object of Dramatic Representation. Cultural Anthropology 7 (3): 327-345.
HOLLIS, M. & S. LUKES (eds). 1982. Rationality and Relativism. Cambridge: MIT Press.
KRACKE, Waud. 1987. Encounter with Other Cultures: Psychological and Epistemological Aspects. Ethos 15 (1): 58-81.
LEACH, Edmund. 1970. Claude Lévi-Strauss. New York: The Viking Press.
______ . 1989-90. Masquerade: the Presentation of the Self in Holi-day Life. Cambridge Anthropology 13 (3): 47-69 (Conferência realizada em John Hopkins Univesity e Harvard University em 1986).
LEACH, Jerry & Edmund LEACH (eds.). 1983. The Kula. New Perspectives on Massim Exchange. Cambridge University Press.
LÉVI-STRAUSS, Claude. 1962. A Crise Moderna da Antropologia. Revista de Antropologia 10 (1 e 2).
LOUNSBURY, Floyd. 1965. Another View of the Trobriand Kinship Categories. American Anthropologist 61 (5): 142-185.
MADAN, T.N.. 1982. "Anthropology as the Mutual Interpretation of Cultures”. In Indigenous Anthropology in Non-Western Countries (H. Fahim, ed.). Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press.
MALINOWSKI, Bronislaw. 1930. "The Problem of Meaning in Primitive Languages". In The
Meaning o f Meaning (G.K. Ogden & I.A. Richards, eds.). Kegan & Co. Ltd.
______ . 1961 [1922], The Argonauts o f the Western Pacific. New York: A Doubleday Paperback.
______ . 1967. A Diary in the Strict Sense o f the Term. Londres: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
MARCUS, George. 1991. A Broad(er) Side to the Canon. Being a Partial Account of a Year of Travel among Textual Communities in the Realm of Humanities Centers and Including a Collection of Artificial Curiosities. Cultural Anthropology 6 (3): 385-405.
PEIRANO, Mariza. 1991. Os Antropólogos e suas Linhagens. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais 16: 42-54.
______ . 1992a. Uma Antropologia no Plural. Brasília: Editora Universidade de Brasília.
______ . 1992b. À Procura de Dragões. Humanidades 29: 369-371. Brasília: Editora Universidade de Brasília.
______ . 1993. As Arvores Ndembu: uma Reanálise. Anuário Antropológico/90\ 9-64.
RABINOW, Paul. 1977. Reflections on Fieldwork in Morocco. Berkekey: The University of California Press.
______ . 1988. Beyond Ethnography : Anthropology as Nominalism. Cultural Anthropology 3 (4): 355-364.
RADCLIFFE-BROWN, A.R.. 1952. Structure and Function in Primitive Society. London, Cohen & West. [Republicação de artigos escritos entre 1924 e 1949].
______ . 1957. A Natural Science o f Society. The Free Press, Glencoe & the Falcon’s Wing Press.
RAMOS, Alcida R. 1990. Memorias Sanumá. São Paulo: Marco Zero, Brasília: Editora Universidade de Brasília.
REIS, Fábio Wanderley. 1991. O Tabelão e a Lupa: Teoria, Método Generalizante e Idiografia no Contexto Brasileiro. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais 16: 27-42.
RIVERS, W.H.R. 1912. "General Account of Method". In Notes and Queries on Anthropology fo r the Use o f Travellers and Residents in Uncivilized Lands. 4a. edição. Londres: British Association for the Advancement of Science.
ROTH, Paul A. 1987. Meaning and Method in the Social Sciences. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
SABERWAL, Satish. 1982. Uncertain Transplants: Anthropology and Sociology in India. Ethnos: 36-49.
SAHLINS, Marshall. 1989. Comments. Current Anthropology 30 (1): 36-7.
SENA, C. Selma. 1987. Em Favor da Tradição, ou Falar é Fácil, Fazer é que São Elas. Série Antropologia 53. Universidade de Brasília.
SPIRO, Melford. 1982. Oedipus in the Trobriands. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
SRINIVAS, M.N. 1973. Itineraires of an Indian Anthropologist. International Social Science Journal 25: 129-48.
SRINIVAS, M.N. (org.). 1979. The Fieldworker and the Field. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
STOCKING JR., George. 1974. "Empathy and Antipathy in the Heart of Darkness". In Readings in the History of Anthropology (R. Darnell, ed.). New York: Harper and Row.
______ . 1983. "The Ethnographer’s Magic". In Observers Observed (G. Stocking Jr., ed.). The University of Wisconsin Press.
______ . 1986. "Malinowski’s Encounter with Freudian Psychology". In Malinowski, Rivers, Benedict & Others (G. Stocking Jr., ed.). The University of Wisconsin Press (Série "History of Anthropology").
TAMBIAH, Stanley J. 1968. The Magic Power o f Words. Man 3: 175-208
______ . 1985. Culture, Thought and Social Action. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
THOMAS, Nicholas. 1989a. Tin and Thatch: Identity and Tradition in Rural Fiji. Age Monthly Review 8 (11): 15-18.
______ . 1989b. The Force of Ethnology: Origins and Significance of the Melanesia/Polynesiasn division. Current Anthropology 30 (1): 27-43.
______ . 1989c. Out o f Time: History and Evolution in Anthropological Discourse. Cambridge University Press.
______ . 1990. Sanitation and Seeings: the Creation of State Power in Early Colonial Fiji. Comparative Studies in Society and History 32: 149-170.
______ . 1991a. "Alejandro Mayta in Fiji: Narratives about Millenarianism, Colonialism, Postcolonial Politics, and Custom". In Clio in Oceania: Towards Historical Anthropology (A. Biersack, ed.). Smithsonian Institution Press, pp. 297-328.
______ . 1991b. Entangled Objects: Exchange, Material Culture, and Colonialism in the Pacific. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
______ . 1991c. The Curiosity of the Gaze: Imperialism and Anthropological Postmodernism. Social Analysis 30: 20-1.
______ . 1991d. Against Ethnography. Cultural Anthropology 6 (3): 306-321.
______ . 1991e. Anthropology and Orientalism. Anthropology Today 7 (2): 4-7.
______ . 1992a. The Inversion of Tradition. American Ethnologist 19 (2): 213-232.
______ . 1992b. "Substantivization and Anthropological Discourse: the Transformation of Practices into Institutions in Neotraditional Pacific Societies”. In History and Tradition in Melanesian Anthropology (J.G. Carrier, ed.). University of California Press, pp. 64- 85.
TRAJANO FILHO, Wilson. 1984. Músicos e Música no Meio da Travessia. Dissertação de mestrado, Departamento de Antropologia, Universidade de Brasília.
______ . 1987. Que Barulho é esse, o dos Pós-modemos? Anuário Antropológico/86: 133-151.
TURNER, Victor. 1967. The Forest o f Symbols. Cornell University Press.
_____ _. 1974. Dramas, Fields and Metaphors. Symbolic Action in Human Society. Cornell University Press.
______ . 1975. Revelation and Divination in Ndembu Ritual. Cornell University Press.
______ . 1978. "Encounter with Freud: The Making of a Comparative Symbologist". In The Making o f Psychological Anthropology (George SPINDLER, ed.). University of California Press.
VELHO, Gilberto. 1978. "Observando o Familiar". In A Aventura Sociológica (Edson Nunes, org.). Rio de Janeiro: Zahar.
VIVEIROS DE CASTRO, Eduardo. 1988. Araweté: os Deuses Canibais. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar & ANPOCS.
______ . 1993. O Campo na Selva, Visto da Praia. Estudos Históricos 10: 170-199.
WINCH, Peter. 1970. "Understanding a Primitive Society". In Rationality (Bryan Wilson, ed.). Londres: Blackwell, pp. 78-111.
BAINES, Stephen. 1993. Primeiras Impressões sobre a Etnologia Indígena na Austrália. Série Antropologia 139. Universidade de Brasília.
BÉTEILLE, A. & T.N. MADAN (orgs.). 1975. Encounter and Experience: Personal Accounts o f Fieldwork. Honolulu: Hawaii University Press.
BYRD, Brian. 1972. Notes on Transference: Universal Phenomenon and Hardest Part of Analysis. Journal o f the American Psychoanalitic Association 20 (2): 267-301.
CARRIER, James. 1992. Occidentalism: the World Turned Upside-down. American Ethnologist 19 (2): 195-212.
CALVINO, Italo. 1988. Seis Propostas para o Próximo Milenio. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras.
CLIFFORD, James & George Marcus. 1986. Writing Culture. The Poetics and Politics o f Ethnography. The University of California Press.
CRAPANZANO, Vincent. 1980. Tuhami. Portrait o f a Moroccan. Chicago University Press.
DA MATTA, Roberto. 1973. O Ofício de Etnólogo ou como Ter Anthropological Blues. Comunicação do Museu Nacional 1. Rio de Janeiro.
______ ”¢ 1977. "Panema: Uma Tentativa de Análise Estrutural". In Ensaios de Antropologia Estrutural. Petrópolis: Vozes.
______ . 1981. Relativizando. Uma Introdução à Antropologia Social. Petrópolis: Vozes.
______ ”¢ 1992. "Relativizando o Interpretativismo". In Roberto Cardoso de Oliveira. Uma Homenagem (M. Correa & R. Laraia, orgs.). Campinas: Unicamp ”” IFCH. pp. 49-77.
DIAS DUARTE, L.F.. 1987. "Freud e a Imaginação Sociológica Moderna". In Freui. 50 Anos depois (Joel Birman, org.). Rio de Janeiro: Relume Dumará.
DUMONT, Louis. 1968. "Preface". In Les Nuer (Evans-Pritchard). Paris: Gallimard. pp. i-xv.
______ â– 1970. Religion, Politics and History in India ”” Collected Papers in Indian Sociology. Paris: Mouton.
______ â– 1978. La Communauté Anthropologiqueet I’ldeologie. L'Homme 18 (3/4): 83-110.
______ ”¢ 1980. "Towards a theory of hierarchy (Poscript)''. In Homo Hierarchicus. 3a. edição. The Chicago of University Press.
DWYER, Kevin. 1982. Moroccan Dialogues. Anthropology in Question. The Johns Hopkins University Press.
EVANS-PRITCHARD, E.E.. 1972. Antropologia Social. Seis conferências proferidas no 3 o Programa da BBC, inverno de 1950. Lisboa: Edições 70.
______ â– 1978. Bruxaria, Oráculos e Magia entre os Azande. Tradução de Eduardo Viveiros de Castro. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar Editores.
FERNANDES, Florestan. 1961. A Unidade das Ciências Sociais e a Antropologia. Anhembi 44 (132): 453-470.
FISCHER, Michael. 1985. Da Antropologia Interpretativa à Antropologia Crítica. Anuário Antropoló)gico/H3\ 55-72.
GEERTZ, Clifford. 1968. Islam Observed. Religious Development in Morocco and Indonesia. The University of Chicago Press.
______ . 1973. The Interpretation o f Cultures. New York, Basic Books.
______ . 1983. From the Native’s Point of View. In Local Knowledge. Further Essays in Interpretive Anthropology. New York: Basic Books.
______ . 1988. Works and Uves. The Anthropologist as Author. Stanford University Press.
GOODY, Jack. 1966. The Prospects for Social Anthropology. New Society, 13 de outubro.
HAMMERSLEY, Martyn. 1990. What’s Wrong with Ethnography? The Myth of Theoretical Description. Sociology 24 (4): 597-615.
HASTRUP, Kirsten. 1992. Out of Anthropology: the Anthropologist as an Object of Dramatic Representation. Cultural Anthropology 7 (3): 327-345.
HOLLIS, M. & S. LUKES (eds). 1982. Rationality and Relativism. Cambridge: MIT Press.
KRACKE, Waud. 1987. Encounter with Other Cultures: Psychological and Epistemological Aspects. Ethos 15 (1): 58-81.
LEACH, Edmund. 1970. Claude Lévi-Strauss. New York: The Viking Press.
______ . 1989-90. Masquerade: the Presentation of the Self in Holi-day Life. Cambridge Anthropology 13 (3): 47-69 (Conferência realizada em John Hopkins Univesity e Harvard University em 1986).
LEACH, Jerry & Edmund LEACH (eds.). 1983. The Kula. New Perspectives on Massim Exchange. Cambridge University Press.
LÉVI-STRAUSS, Claude. 1962. A Crise Moderna da Antropologia. Revista de Antropologia 10 (1 e 2).
LOUNSBURY, Floyd. 1965. Another View of the Trobriand Kinship Categories. American Anthropologist 61 (5): 142-185.
MADAN, T.N.. 1982. "Anthropology as the Mutual Interpretation of Cultures”. In Indigenous Anthropology in Non-Western Countries (H. Fahim, ed.). Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press.
MALINOWSKI, Bronislaw. 1930. "The Problem of Meaning in Primitive Languages". In The
Meaning o f Meaning (G.K. Ogden & I.A. Richards, eds.). Kegan & Co. Ltd.
______ . 1961 [1922], The Argonauts o f the Western Pacific. New York: A Doubleday Paperback.
______ . 1967. A Diary in the Strict Sense o f the Term. Londres: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
MARCUS, George. 1991. A Broad(er) Side to the Canon. Being a Partial Account of a Year of Travel among Textual Communities in the Realm of Humanities Centers and Including a Collection of Artificial Curiosities. Cultural Anthropology 6 (3): 385-405.
PEIRANO, Mariza. 1991. Os Antropólogos e suas Linhagens. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais 16: 42-54.
______ . 1992a. Uma Antropologia no Plural. Brasília: Editora Universidade de Brasília.
______ . 1992b. À Procura de Dragões. Humanidades 29: 369-371. Brasília: Editora Universidade de Brasília.
______ . 1993. As Arvores Ndembu: uma Reanálise. Anuário Antropológico/90\ 9-64.
RABINOW, Paul. 1977. Reflections on Fieldwork in Morocco. Berkekey: The University of California Press.
______ . 1988. Beyond Ethnography : Anthropology as Nominalism. Cultural Anthropology 3 (4): 355-364.
RADCLIFFE-BROWN, A.R.. 1952. Structure and Function in Primitive Society. London, Cohen & West. [Republicação de artigos escritos entre 1924 e 1949].
______ . 1957. A Natural Science o f Society. The Free Press, Glencoe & the Falcon’s Wing Press.
RAMOS, Alcida R. 1990. Memorias Sanumá. São Paulo: Marco Zero, Brasília: Editora Universidade de Brasília.
REIS, Fábio Wanderley. 1991. O Tabelão e a Lupa: Teoria, Método Generalizante e Idiografia no Contexto Brasileiro. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais 16: 27-42.
RIVERS, W.H.R. 1912. "General Account of Method". In Notes and Queries on Anthropology fo r the Use o f Travellers and Residents in Uncivilized Lands. 4a. edição. Londres: British Association for the Advancement of Science.
ROTH, Paul A. 1987. Meaning and Method in the Social Sciences. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
SABERWAL, Satish. 1982. Uncertain Transplants: Anthropology and Sociology in India. Ethnos: 36-49.
SAHLINS, Marshall. 1989. Comments. Current Anthropology 30 (1): 36-7.
SENA, C. Selma. 1987. Em Favor da Tradição, ou Falar é Fácil, Fazer é que São Elas. Série Antropologia 53. Universidade de Brasília.
SPIRO, Melford. 1982. Oedipus in the Trobriands. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
SRINIVAS, M.N. 1973. Itineraires of an Indian Anthropologist. International Social Science Journal 25: 129-48.
SRINIVAS, M.N. (org.). 1979. The Fieldworker and the Field. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
STOCKING JR., George. 1974. "Empathy and Antipathy in the Heart of Darkness". In Readings in the History of Anthropology (R. Darnell, ed.). New York: Harper and Row.
______ . 1983. "The Ethnographer’s Magic". In Observers Observed (G. Stocking Jr., ed.). The University of Wisconsin Press.
______ . 1986. "Malinowski’s Encounter with Freudian Psychology". In Malinowski, Rivers, Benedict & Others (G. Stocking Jr., ed.). The University of Wisconsin Press (Série "History of Anthropology").
TAMBIAH, Stanley J. 1968. The Magic Power o f Words. Man 3: 175-208
______ . 1985. Culture, Thought and Social Action. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
THOMAS, Nicholas. 1989a. Tin and Thatch: Identity and Tradition in Rural Fiji. Age Monthly Review 8 (11): 15-18.
______ . 1989b. The Force of Ethnology: Origins and Significance of the Melanesia/Polynesiasn division. Current Anthropology 30 (1): 27-43.
______ . 1989c. Out o f Time: History and Evolution in Anthropological Discourse. Cambridge University Press.
______ . 1990. Sanitation and Seeings: the Creation of State Power in Early Colonial Fiji. Comparative Studies in Society and History 32: 149-170.
______ . 1991a. "Alejandro Mayta in Fiji: Narratives about Millenarianism, Colonialism, Postcolonial Politics, and Custom". In Clio in Oceania: Towards Historical Anthropology (A. Biersack, ed.). Smithsonian Institution Press, pp. 297-328.
______ . 1991b. Entangled Objects: Exchange, Material Culture, and Colonialism in the Pacific. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
______ . 1991c. The Curiosity of the Gaze: Imperialism and Anthropological Postmodernism. Social Analysis 30: 20-1.
______ . 1991d. Against Ethnography. Cultural Anthropology 6 (3): 306-321.
______ . 1991e. Anthropology and Orientalism. Anthropology Today 7 (2): 4-7.
______ . 1992a. The Inversion of Tradition. American Ethnologist 19 (2): 213-232.
______ . 1992b. "Substantivization and Anthropological Discourse: the Transformation of Practices into Institutions in Neotraditional Pacific Societies”. In History and Tradition in Melanesian Anthropology (J.G. Carrier, ed.). University of California Press, pp. 64- 85.
TRAJANO FILHO, Wilson. 1984. Músicos e Música no Meio da Travessia. Dissertação de mestrado, Departamento de Antropologia, Universidade de Brasília.
______ . 1987. Que Barulho é esse, o dos Pós-modemos? Anuário Antropológico/86: 133-151.
TURNER, Victor. 1967. The Forest o f Symbols. Cornell University Press.
_____ _. 1974. Dramas, Fields and Metaphors. Symbolic Action in Human Society. Cornell University Press.
______ . 1975. Revelation and Divination in Ndembu Ritual. Cornell University Press.
______ . 1978. "Encounter with Freud: The Making of a Comparative Symbologist". In The Making o f Psychological Anthropology (George SPINDLER, ed.). University of California Press.
VELHO, Gilberto. 1978. "Observando o Familiar". In A Aventura Sociológica (Edson Nunes, org.). Rio de Janeiro: Zahar.
VIVEIROS DE CASTRO, Eduardo. 1988. Araweté: os Deuses Canibais. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar & ANPOCS.
______ . 1993. O Campo na Selva, Visto da Praia. Estudos Históricos 10: 170-199.
WINCH, Peter. 1970. "Understanding a Primitive Society". In Rationality (Bryan Wilson, ed.). Londres: Blackwell, pp. 78-111.
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2018-01-31
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Peirano, Mariza G. S. 2018. “A Favor Da Etnografia”. Anuário Antropológico 17 (1):197-223. https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/anuarioantropologico/article/view/6535.
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