As árvores Ndembu
uma reanálise
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AntropologiaResumo
Tradicionalmente interessados e freqüentemente seduzidos pelo exótico, até recentemente os etnólogos foram procurar a diferença em um ‘outro’ distante do seu grupo de referência. No início do século a diferença estava longe, geralmente além-mar ”” no estreito de Torres, nas ilhas da Melanésia, nas montanhas da Austrália, entre os Todas indianos. No decorrer do tempo, a diferença tomou-se mais acessível ”” Tallensi, Azande, Swazi, Nuer, Nyakyusa na África; Kwakiutl, Navajo, Zuni, Fox na América do Norte; Borôro, Jê do Brasil Central ””; até que, depois da promessa estruturalista da reversibilidade do conhecimento antropológico, a diferença chegou ao gabinete dos próprios antropólogos, à s instituições de apoio à pesquisa, aos trustees norte-americanos, aos imigrantes do ‘mundo pós-modemo’.
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Referências
AUSTIN, J.L. 1975. How to do things with words. The William James Lectures delivered at Harvard University in 1955. Harvard University Press.
DA ”” Ver Turner 1968.
CALVINO, ítalo. 1988. Seis Propostas para o Próximo Milênio. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras.
EVANS-PRITCHARD, E.E. 1929. The morphology and function of magic. A Comparative study of Trobriand and Zande Ritual and Spells. American Anthropologist (n.s.) 31: 619- 641.
______ . 1937. Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic among the Azande.
FABIAN, Joannes. 1983. Time and the Other. How anthropology makes its object. New York: Columbia University Press.
FIRTH, Raymond. 1966. Twins, birds and vegetables. Man (N.S.) 1: 1-17.
FISCHER, Michael. 1991. Anthropology as Cultural Critique: Inserts for the 1990s Cultural Studies of Science, Visual-Virtual Realities, and Post-Trauma Politics. Cultural
Anthropology 6 (4): 525-537. FS - Ver Turner 1967.
HOLESTEIN, Elmar. 1976. Roman Jakobson's Approach to Language. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
JAKOBSON, Roman. 1971 [1956]. "Two aspects of language and two types of aphasic disturbances''. In Fundamentals o f Language ( R. Jakobson & Morris Halle, eds.). Paris: Mouton.
______ . 1973. Louvain Lectures. Cf. Marleen Van Ballaer, Aspects o f the Theories o f Roman Jakobson. Memoir, Katholieke Universiteit te Leuven, Fakulteit der Wijsbegeerte en Letteren. Ms. (cit. in Holestein, E. 1976).
KOPYTOFF, Igor. 1971. Ancestors as Elders in Africa. Africa 41 (2): 129-142.
LEACH, Edmund. 1958. Concerning Trobriand clans and the kinship category tabu. In The developmental cycle in domestic groups (J. Goody, ed.). Cambridge University Press.
______ . 1966. Ritualization in Man. Proceedings of the Royal Anthropological Institute.
______ . 1971. Kimil: a category of andamanese thought. In Structural Analysis o f Oral Tradition (P. & E. Maranda, eds.). Pennsylvania University Press.
LEACH, J. & Edmund LEACH (eds.). 1983. The Kula. New Perspectives on Massim Exchange. Cambridge University Press.
LÉVI-STRAUSS, Claude. 1971. L ’Homme Nu (Mythologiques, 4). Paris: Plon.
LOUNSBURY, F. 1965. Another view of the Trobriand kinship categories. American Anthropologist 67 (5.. Special Publication. E.A. Hammel, ed.): 142-185.
MALINOWSKI, B. 1935. Coral Gardens and Their Magic. Vol. II. The Language of Magic and Gardening. London: G. Allen & Unwin, Ltd.
MALKKI, Liisa. 1992. National Geographic: the Rooting o f Peoples and the Territorialization o f National Identity among Scholars and Refugees. Cultural Anthropology 7 (2): 24-44.
MARCUS, George. 1991. "Past, present, and emergent identities: requirements for ethnographies of late twentieth century modernity worldwide". In Anais da 17a. Reunião Brasileira de Antropologia. Florianópolis, pp. 21-46.
Kl) ”” Ver Turner 1975b.
Ill’ ”” Ver Turner 1969.
MS ”” Ver Turner 1962.
SAI’IR, J. David. 1977. "The Anatomy of Metaphor". In The Social Use o f Metaphor (J.D. Sapir & J.C. Crocker, eds.). University of Pennsylvania Press.
SAUSSURE, Ferdinand de. s/d. Curso de Lingüística Geral. São Paulo: Cultrix.
S(' ”” Ver Turner 1957.
MI.VERSTEIN, Michael. 1975. Language as part of culture. Ms.
SMITH, M.G. 1956. On Segmentary Lineage Systems (Curl Bequest Prize Essay, 1955) Journal o f the Royal Anthropological Institute o f Great Britain and Ireland 86 (parte 2): 39-80.
SI’IRO, Melford. 1982. Oedipus in the Trobriands. Chicago University Press. SS ”” Ver Turner 1975a.
MOCKING, George. 1974. "Empathy and Antipathy in the Heart of DarkneU". In Readings in the History o f Anthropology (R. Darnell, ed.). Harper & Row Publishers.
TAMBIAH, Stanley J. 1968. The magical power of words. Man 3: 175: 208.
__ . 1969. Animals are good to think and good to prohibit. Ethnology 8 (4): 423-459.
_. 1970. Buddhism and the Spirit Cults in North-east Thailand. Cambridge Univesity Press.
__. 1985. On flying witches and flying canoes. In Culture, Thought and Social Action (S.J. Tambiah). Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
TAYLOR, Kenneth I. 1974. Sanuma Fauna: Prohibitions and Classifications. Caracas, Fundación la Salle.
TOOKER, Deborah. 1986. When gender moves around: the sexual nature of Kula. Special Paper, Harvard University.
'IT ”” Ver Turner & Turner 1978. TURNER, Victor W. 1957. Schism and Continuity in an African Society. Manchester University Press. (SC)
___. 1962. "Three Symbols of Passage in Ndembu Circumcision Ritual". In Essays on the Ritual o f Social Relations (Max Gluckman, ed.). Manchester University Press (RS)
___. 1967. The Forest o f Symbols. Cornell University Press. (FS)
__ . 1968. The Drums o f Affliction. Oxford University Press. (DA)
___. 1969. The Ritual Process. Cornell University Press. (RP)
___ . 1971. "The syntax of Symbolism in an Ndembu Ritual". In Structural Analysis o f Oral Tradition (P. Maranda& E. Maranda, eds.). Philadelphia.
___. 1974. Dramas, fields and metaphors. Cornell University Press.
____. 1975a. Ritual as Communication and Potency: an Ndembu Case Study. In Symbols and Society (C. Hill, ed.). Southern Anthropological Society Proceedings, 9. (SS)
______ . 1975b. Revelation and Divination in Ndembu Ritual. Cornell University Press. (RD)
______ . 1975c. "Symbolic Studies". In Annual Review of Anthropology (B. Siegel, ed.). Reviews Inc.
______ . 1977. Process, System and Symbol: a New Anthropological Synthesis. Daedalus 1 (Summer: Discoveries and Interpretations: Studies in Contemporary Scholarship): 61-80.
______ . 1982. From Ritual to Theatre. New York: PAJ Publications.
______ . 1982. Celebration: studies in festivity and ritual. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Inst.
______ . 1985. On the Edge o f the Bush (Edith Turner, ed.). The University of Arizona PreSs.
______ . 1986. The Anthropology o f Experience. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
TURNER, Victor & Edith TURNER. 1978. Image and Pilgrimage in Christian Culture. Anthropological Perspectives. New York: Columbia University Press. (TT)
UBEROI, J.P.S. 1962. Politics o f the Kula Ring. Manchester University Press.
WEINER, Annette. 1980. Women o f Value, Men o f Renown. New Perspectives in Trobriand Exchange. University of Texas Press.
WORSLEY, Peter M. 1956. The Kinship System of the Tallensi: a Revaluation. (Curl Bequest Prize Essay, 1955). Journal o f the Royal Anthropological Institute o f Great Britain and Ireland 86 (parte 1): 37-75.
DA ”” Ver Turner 1968.
CALVINO, ítalo. 1988. Seis Propostas para o Próximo Milênio. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras.
EVANS-PRITCHARD, E.E. 1929. The morphology and function of magic. A Comparative study of Trobriand and Zande Ritual and Spells. American Anthropologist (n.s.) 31: 619- 641.
______ . 1937. Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic among the Azande.
FABIAN, Joannes. 1983. Time and the Other. How anthropology makes its object. New York: Columbia University Press.
FIRTH, Raymond. 1966. Twins, birds and vegetables. Man (N.S.) 1: 1-17.
FISCHER, Michael. 1991. Anthropology as Cultural Critique: Inserts for the 1990s Cultural Studies of Science, Visual-Virtual Realities, and Post-Trauma Politics. Cultural
Anthropology 6 (4): 525-537. FS - Ver Turner 1967.
HOLESTEIN, Elmar. 1976. Roman Jakobson's Approach to Language. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
JAKOBSON, Roman. 1971 [1956]. "Two aspects of language and two types of aphasic disturbances''. In Fundamentals o f Language ( R. Jakobson & Morris Halle, eds.). Paris: Mouton.
______ . 1973. Louvain Lectures. Cf. Marleen Van Ballaer, Aspects o f the Theories o f Roman Jakobson. Memoir, Katholieke Universiteit te Leuven, Fakulteit der Wijsbegeerte en Letteren. Ms. (cit. in Holestein, E. 1976).
KOPYTOFF, Igor. 1971. Ancestors as Elders in Africa. Africa 41 (2): 129-142.
LEACH, Edmund. 1958. Concerning Trobriand clans and the kinship category tabu. In The developmental cycle in domestic groups (J. Goody, ed.). Cambridge University Press.
______ . 1966. Ritualization in Man. Proceedings of the Royal Anthropological Institute.
______ . 1971. Kimil: a category of andamanese thought. In Structural Analysis o f Oral Tradition (P. & E. Maranda, eds.). Pennsylvania University Press.
LEACH, J. & Edmund LEACH (eds.). 1983. The Kula. New Perspectives on Massim Exchange. Cambridge University Press.
LÉVI-STRAUSS, Claude. 1971. L ’Homme Nu (Mythologiques, 4). Paris: Plon.
LOUNSBURY, F. 1965. Another view of the Trobriand kinship categories. American Anthropologist 67 (5.. Special Publication. E.A. Hammel, ed.): 142-185.
MALINOWSKI, B. 1935. Coral Gardens and Their Magic. Vol. II. The Language of Magic and Gardening. London: G. Allen & Unwin, Ltd.
MALKKI, Liisa. 1992. National Geographic: the Rooting o f Peoples and the Territorialization o f National Identity among Scholars and Refugees. Cultural Anthropology 7 (2): 24-44.
MARCUS, George. 1991. "Past, present, and emergent identities: requirements for ethnographies of late twentieth century modernity worldwide". In Anais da 17a. Reunião Brasileira de Antropologia. Florianópolis, pp. 21-46.
Kl) ”” Ver Turner 1975b.
Ill’ ”” Ver Turner 1969.
MS ”” Ver Turner 1962.
SAI’IR, J. David. 1977. "The Anatomy of Metaphor". In The Social Use o f Metaphor (J.D. Sapir & J.C. Crocker, eds.). University of Pennsylvania Press.
SAUSSURE, Ferdinand de. s/d. Curso de Lingüística Geral. São Paulo: Cultrix.
S(' ”” Ver Turner 1957.
MI.VERSTEIN, Michael. 1975. Language as part of culture. Ms.
SMITH, M.G. 1956. On Segmentary Lineage Systems (Curl Bequest Prize Essay, 1955) Journal o f the Royal Anthropological Institute o f Great Britain and Ireland 86 (parte 2): 39-80.
SI’IRO, Melford. 1982. Oedipus in the Trobriands. Chicago University Press. SS ”” Ver Turner 1975a.
MOCKING, George. 1974. "Empathy and Antipathy in the Heart of DarkneU". In Readings in the History o f Anthropology (R. Darnell, ed.). Harper & Row Publishers.
TAMBIAH, Stanley J. 1968. The magical power of words. Man 3: 175: 208.
__ . 1969. Animals are good to think and good to prohibit. Ethnology 8 (4): 423-459.
_. 1970. Buddhism and the Spirit Cults in North-east Thailand. Cambridge Univesity Press.
__. 1985. On flying witches and flying canoes. In Culture, Thought and Social Action (S.J. Tambiah). Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
TAYLOR, Kenneth I. 1974. Sanuma Fauna: Prohibitions and Classifications. Caracas, Fundación la Salle.
TOOKER, Deborah. 1986. When gender moves around: the sexual nature of Kula. Special Paper, Harvard University.
'IT ”” Ver Turner & Turner 1978. TURNER, Victor W. 1957. Schism and Continuity in an African Society. Manchester University Press. (SC)
___. 1962. "Three Symbols of Passage in Ndembu Circumcision Ritual". In Essays on the Ritual o f Social Relations (Max Gluckman, ed.). Manchester University Press (RS)
___. 1967. The Forest o f Symbols. Cornell University Press. (FS)
__ . 1968. The Drums o f Affliction. Oxford University Press. (DA)
___. 1969. The Ritual Process. Cornell University Press. (RP)
___ . 1971. "The syntax of Symbolism in an Ndembu Ritual". In Structural Analysis o f Oral Tradition (P. Maranda& E. Maranda, eds.). Philadelphia.
___. 1974. Dramas, fields and metaphors. Cornell University Press.
____. 1975a. Ritual as Communication and Potency: an Ndembu Case Study. In Symbols and Society (C. Hill, ed.). Southern Anthropological Society Proceedings, 9. (SS)
______ . 1975b. Revelation and Divination in Ndembu Ritual. Cornell University Press. (RD)
______ . 1975c. "Symbolic Studies". In Annual Review of Anthropology (B. Siegel, ed.). Reviews Inc.
______ . 1977. Process, System and Symbol: a New Anthropological Synthesis. Daedalus 1 (Summer: Discoveries and Interpretations: Studies in Contemporary Scholarship): 61-80.
______ . 1982. From Ritual to Theatre. New York: PAJ Publications.
______ . 1982. Celebration: studies in festivity and ritual. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Inst.
______ . 1985. On the Edge o f the Bush (Edith Turner, ed.). The University of Arizona PreSs.
______ . 1986. The Anthropology o f Experience. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
TURNER, Victor & Edith TURNER. 1978. Image and Pilgrimage in Christian Culture. Anthropological Perspectives. New York: Columbia University Press. (TT)
UBEROI, J.P.S. 1962. Politics o f the Kula Ring. Manchester University Press.
WEINER, Annette. 1980. Women o f Value, Men o f Renown. New Perspectives in Trobriand Exchange. University of Texas Press.
WORSLEY, Peter M. 1956. The Kinship System of the Tallensi: a Revaluation. (Curl Bequest Prize Essay, 1955). Journal o f the Royal Anthropological Institute o f Great Britain and Ireland 86 (parte 1): 37-75.
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2018-01-29
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Peirano, Mariza G. S. 2018. “As árvores Ndembu: Uma reanálise”. Anuário Antropológico 15 (1):9-64. https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/anuarioantropologico/article/view/6439.
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