Suicídio e violência estrutural. Revisão sistemática de uma correlação marcada pelo colonialismo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-6992-202035010009Palavras-chave:
suicídio, violência, colonialismo, democracia, revisão sistemáticaResumo
O suicídio é a última das causas externas de morte (CE) a apresentar concentração de casos (80%) em países de baixa e média renda (PBMR). Há literatura consolidada identificando a violência estrutural como determinante para as CE, mas pouca quanto ao suicídio. O objetivo deste artigo é definir novo marco teórico para o estudo do suicídio como fenômeno social, onde a interação social reflete as marcas do colonialismo. Foram analisados os dados sobre mortalidade do Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) e realizada revisão sistemática da literatura sobre suicídio, violência estrutural, colonialismo, democracia e desenvolvimento, entre 1968 a 2018, seguindo a metodologia PRISMA. Centrada na teoria crítica, adotou-se a determinação social como categoria básica para a identificação dos reflexos do colonialismo nos determinantes que caracterizam o perfil epidemiológico do suicídio, tornando possível seu enquadramento como uma “patologia do poder”. Dos dados estatísticos e da revisão sistemática identificou-se os grupos de risco para o suicídio ”“ os mais afetados pela assimetria de poder, oriunda do colonialismo ”“ mesmo em países de alta renda (PAR).
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