The LGBT+ Individual Perspective of Aging in Brazilian Society
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.1590/0102.3772e40402.enMots-clés :
Sexual and gender minorities, Health personnel, Health equity, AgingRésumé
This study describes the perceptions of aging and the health care received by 101 LGBT+ individuals in Brazil (São Paulo, Mato Grosso, and Rio Grande do Sul). Participants completed an online 13-item demographic and LGBT+ perception questionnaire. The age ranged from 18 to 55 years, 75.5% were Caucasian, 92% self-identified as cisgender and 55% were homosexual. Most did not stop seeking healthcare (59.8%) because of fear, but they avoided revealing their sexuality to health professionals (65.7%). Participants had negative views about aging and regarded the health system as caustic, and health professionals exhibited unethical behaviors and gaps of knowledge related to LGBT+ practice. Continuing education about the LGBT+ community should be prioritized to mediate discriminatory healthcare.
Téléchargements
Références
Agénor, M., Pérez, A. E., Tabaac, A. R., Bond, K. T., Charlton, B. M., Bowen, D. J., & Austin, S. B. (2020). Sexual orientation identity disparities in mammography among white, black, and latina U.S. women. LGBT Health, 7(6), 312-320. https://doi.org/10.1089/lgbt.2020.0039
Avellar, C. C. C., & Rodrigues, F. B. (2023). Advances and barriers to the implementation of the national policy for the comprehensive healthcare of LGBT people: An integrative review. Journal of Education, Science and Health - JESH, 3(3), 1-11. https://www.doi.org/10.52832/jesh.v3i3.209
Banks, K. H., Kohn-wood, L.P., & Spencer, M. (2006). An examination of the African American experience of everyday discrimination and symptoms of psychological distress. Community Mental Health Journal, 42(6), 555-570. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-006-9052-9
Bardin, L. (2016). Análise de conteúdo [Content analysis] (3. ed.). Edições 70.
Biernacki, P., & Waldorf, D. (1981). Snowball sampling: Problems and techniques of chain referral sampling. Sociological Methods & Research, 10(2), 141-163. https://doi.org/10.1177/004912418101000205
Carvalho, L. S., & Philippi, M. M. (2014). Lesbian, gay and bissexuals’ perception of health services. Universitas: Ciências Da Saúde, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.5102/ucs.v11i2.1837
Chapman, R., Watkins, R., Zappia, T., Nicol, P., & Shields, L. (2011). Nursing and medical students’ attitude, knowledge and beliefs regarding lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender parents seeking health care for their children. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 21(7-8), 938-945. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2011.03892.x
Cicero, E. C., Reisner, S. L., Silva, S. G., Merwin, E. I., & Humphreys, J. C. (2019). Health care experiences of transgender adults: An integrated mixed research literature review. Advances in Nursing Science, 42(2), 123-138. https://doi.org/10.1097/ANS.0000000000000256
Costa, A. B., da Rosa Filho, H. T., Pase, P. F., Fontanari, A. M. V., Catelan, R. F., Mueller, A., Cardoso, D., Soll, B., Schwarz, K., Schneider, M. A., Gagliotti, D. A. M., Saadeh, A., Lobato, M. I. R., Nardi, H. C., & Koller, S. H. (2018). Healthcare needs of and access barriers for Brazilian transgender and gender diverse people. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 20(1), 115-123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-016-0527-7
Costa, A. B., de Lara Machado, W., Ruschel Bandeira, D., & Nardi, H. C. (2016). Validation study of the revised version of the scale of prejudice against sexual and gender diversity in Brazil. Journal of Homosexuality, 63(11), 1446-1463. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2016.1222829
Costa, A. B., Paveltchuk, F., Lawrenz, P., Vilanova, F., Borsa, J. C., Damásio, B. F., Habigzang, L. F., Nardi, H. C., & Dunn, T. (2020). Protocol to evaluate stress of minority in lesbians, gays and bisexuals. Psico-USF, 25(2), 207-222. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712020250201
Crenitte, M. R. F. (2021). Acesso à saúde [Access to healthcare]. In C. Rebellato, M. C. A. Gomes, & M. R. F. Crenitte (Eds.). Introdução às velhices LGBTI+ [Introduction to LGBTI+ old age] (1. ed., pp. 72-76). SBGG-RJ.
Crenitte, M. R. F., Melo, L. R., Jacob-Filho, W., & Avelino-Silva, T. J. (2023). Transforming the invisible into the visible: Disparities in the access to health in LGBT+ older people. Clinics , ( 16)78, e100149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100149
Creswell, J. W. (2010). Projeto de pesquisa: Métodos qualitativo, quantitativo e misto [Research project: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods] (3. ed.). Artmed.
Cruz, B. A., Querichelli, A. F. A., & Uback, L. (2023). Are we preparing future doctors for assistance in situations of violence with a focus on gender and non-heterosexual sexualities? Report of a diagnostic educational “experience”. Interface, Comunicação, Saúde, Educação, 27, e220630. https://doi.org/10.1590/interface.220630
Dullius, W. R., & Scortegagna, S. A. (2021). Educação continuada dos profissionais de saúde e assistência ao indivíduo LGBT+ no envelhecimento [Continuing education for health professionals and care for LGBT+ individuals in the ageing process]. In A. S. Cavalli et al . (Eds.). Novas Diretrizes Frente ao Envelhecimento: Diversidades, Cuidados, Inclusão e Visibilidade [New Guidelines on Ageing: Diversity, Care, Inclusion and Visibility] (pp. 773-790). Realize.
Feaster, B., Mckinley-Grant, L., & Mcmichael, A. J. (2021). Microaggressions in Medicine. MDEDGE, 105(5), 235-237. https://doi.org/10.12788/cutis.0249
Ferreira, G. G. (2023). Prison matter, gender and sexuality: Rio Grande do Sul criminal treatment for LGBTI+ people analysis. Serviço Social & Sociedade, 146(1), 204-223. https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-6628.310
Fitzgerald, C., & Hurst, S., (2017). Implicit bias in healthcare professionals: A systematic review. BMC Medical Ethics 18(19). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-017-0179-8
Hatzenbuehler, M. L. (2014). Structural stigma and the health of lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23(2), 127-132. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721414523775
Herek, G. M. (2000). The psychology of sexual prejudice. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9(1), 19-22. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00051
Jesus, M. L. M. R., Moré, I. A. A., Querino, R. A., & Oliveira, V. H. (2023). Transgender women’s experiences in the healthcare system: Visibility towards equity. Interface, Comunicação, Saúde, Educação, 27, e220369. https://doi.org/10.1590/interface.220369
Kamal, K., Li, J. J., Hahm, H. C., & Liu, C. H. (2021). Psychiatric impacts of the COVID-19 global pandemic on U.S. sexual and gender minority young adults. Psychiatry Research, 299, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113855
Linhares, E. M., Andrade, J. da C., Meneses, R. O. C., Oliveira, H. de F., & Azevedo, M. R. D. de. (2021). Anguish, insecurity and fear in the LGBTQIA + population: Deterioration of mental health in the COVID-19 pandemic. Research, Society and Development, 10(8), e43810817136. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i8.17136
Lopes, M. J. S., Silva, R. A. N., Lim, T. O. S., Cavacante, G. F., Jesus, L. M. S., & Abrão, R. K. (2023). The vulnerability experienced by the LGBT community in the LGBT care of the united health system. JNT - Facit Business and Technology, 40(1), 70-83. http://revistas.faculdadefacit.edu.br/index.php/JNT/article/view/1998
Mayer, K. H., Bradford, J. B., Makadon, H. J., Stall, R., Goldhammer, H., & Landers, S. (2008). Sexual gender minority health: What we know and what needs to be done. American Journal of Public Health, 98(6), 989-995. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2007.127811
Moe, J. L., & Sparkman, N. M. (2015). Assessing service providers at LGBTQ affirming community agencies on their perceptions of training needs and barriers to service. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Social Services, 27(3), 350-370. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538720.2015.1051687
Moscheta, M. S., Souza, L. V., & Santos, M. A. (2016). Health care provision in Brazil: A dialogue between health professionals and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender service users. Journal of Health Psychology, 21(3), 369-378. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105316628749
Oliveira, J. L. C., De Magalhães, A. M. M., & Matsuda, L. M. (2018). Mixed methods in nursing research: Application possibilities according to Creswell. Texto e Contexto Enfermagem, 27(2), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-070720180000560017
Parmenter, J. G., Gallihre, R. V., & Maughan, D. A. (2021). LGBTQ+ emerging adults perceptions of discrimination and exclusion within the LGBTQ+ community. Psychology & Sexuality, 12(4), 1-37. https://doi.org/10.1080/19419899.2020.1716056
Pritlove, C., Pratts, C., Ala-Leppilampi, K., & Parsons, J.A. (2019). The good, the bad, the ugly of implicit bias. The Lancet 393(10171), 502-504. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32267-0
Rondahl, G., Innala, S., & Carlsson, M. (2004). Nursing staff and nursing students’ emotions towards homosexual patients and their wish to refrain from nursing, if the option existed. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 18(1), 19-26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6712.2004.00263.x
Sandelowski, M. (2000). What ever happened to qualitative description? Research in Nursing and Health, 23(4), 334-340. https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-240x(200008)23:4<334::aid-nur9>3.0.co;2-g
Santana, A. D. S., & Melo, L. P. (2021). Covid-19 pandemic and LGBTI+ people. (In)visibilities of social impacts. Revista Latinoamericana Sexualidad, Salud y Sociedad, 37, e21202. https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-6487.sess.2021.37.e21202a
Silveira, A. P., & Cerqueira-Santos, E. C. (2021). Fatores associados à prevenção sexual e reprodutiva de mulheres lésbicas. Revista Subjetividades, 21(3), e11404. https://doi.org/10.5020/23590777.rs.v21i3.e11404
Stinchcombe, A., Wilson, K., Kortes-Miller, K., Chambers, L., & Weaver, B. (2018). Physical and mental health inequalities among aging lesbian, gay, and bisexual Canadians: Cross-sectional results from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA). Canadian Journal of Public Health, 109(5-6), 833-844. https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-018-0100-3
Suen, Y. T., Chan, R. C. H., & Wong, E. M. Y. (2020). Effects of general and sexual minority-specific COVID-19-related stressors on the mental health of lesbian, gay, and bisexual people in Hong Kong. Psychiatry Research, 292(June), 113365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113365
Todres, L., Galvin, K. T., & Holloway, I. (2009). The humanization of healthcare: A value framework for qualitative research. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, 4, 68-77. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482620802646204
Valente, J. (2022, Jan. 29). Brasil registrou 140 assassinatos de pessoas trans em 2021: São Paulo foi o estado com maior número de ocorrências [Brazil recorded 140 murders of trans people in 2021: São Paulo was the state with the highest number of occurrences]. Agência Brasil. https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/direitos-humanos/noticia/2022-01/brasil-registrou-140-assassinatos-de-pessoas-trans-em-2021
Williams, M. T., Skinta, M. D., & Martin-Willett, R. (2021). After pierce and sue: A revised racial microaggressions taxonomy. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 15(5), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691621994247
Wilson, K., Kortes-Miller, K., & Stinchcombe, A. (2018). Staying out of the closet: LGBT older adults’ hopes and fears in considering end-of-life. Canadian Journal on Aging, 37(1), 22-31. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0714980817000514
Wilson, K., Stinchcombe, A., & Regalado, S. M. (2021). LGBTQ+ aging research in Canada: A 30-year scoping review of the literature. Geriatrics (Switzerland), 6(2), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics6020060
Téléchargements
Publié-e
Comment citer
Numéro
Rubrique
Licence
(c) Tous droits réservés Willian Roger Dullius, Sheila O'Keefe-McCarthy, Lynn McCleary , Silvana Alba Scortegagna 2024
Cette œuvre est sous licence Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International.
