Razões para Aposentar e Satisfação na Aposentadoria
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.1590/0102.3772e3558Mots-clés :
Aposentadoria, Satisfação, Envelhecimento, OrganizaçõesRésumé
O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar evidências de validade do inventário de satisfação na aposentadoria (RSI) para os brasileiros e sua invariância em função de sexo, idade, escolaridade, estado civil, renda e região do país, além de investigar se as razões para aposentar influenciariam a satisfação na aposentadoria. Participaram 1002 aposentados, 44 a 88 anos, homens e mulheres. As análises indicaram o RSI sendo subdividido em duas escalas: i) escala de satisfação na aposentadoria e ii) razões para aposentar com boas características psicométricas, sendo a última escala preditora da primeira. Os instrumentos apresentaram uma estrutura diferente da encontrada em outros países, porém demonstraram aplicabilidade no contexto brasileiro, principalmente, na avaliação de intervenções como programas de preparação para a aposentadoria.
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Références
Amorim, S. M., & França, L. H. F. P. (2019). Satisfação na Aposentadoria: Uma revisão sistemática de literatura [Retirement well-being: A systematic review of the literature]. Temas em Psicologia, 27(1), 155-172. Doi: 10.9788/tp2019.1-12
Amorim, S. M., França, L. H. F. P., & Valentini, F. (2017). Predictors of happiness among retired from urban and rural areas in Brazil. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 30(2), 1-8. doi: 10.1186/s41155-016-0055-3
Byrne, B. M. (2001). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programing. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Cho, J., & Lee, A. (2013). Life satisfaction of the aged in the retirement process: A comparative study of South Korea with Germany and Switzerland. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 9(2), 179-195. doi: 10.1007/s11482-013-9237-7
Costa, B. R. L. (2018). Bola de neve virtual: O uso das redes sociais virtuais no processo de coleta de dados de uma pesquisa científica [Virtual snow ball: Use of social networks in the process of data collection for an academic research project]. Revista Interdisciplinar de Gestão Social, 7(1), 15-37.
Damasio, B. F. (2012). Uso da análise fatorial exploratória em psicologia [The use of exploratory factor analysis in psychology]. Avaliação Psicológica, 11(2), 213-228.
Dal Bianco, C., Trevisan, E., & Weber, G. (2015). “I want to break free”. The role of working conditions on retirement expectations and decisions. European Journal of Ageing, 12(1), 17-28. doi: 10.1007/s10433-014-0326-8
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffn, S. (2000). The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-74. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13.
Diener, E., Eunkook, M. S., Richard E. L., & Heidi L. S. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276-302. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.276
Dingemans, E., & Henkens, K. (2015). How do retirement dynamics influence mental well-being in later life? A 10-year panel study. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 41(1), 16-23. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.3464
Dorfman, L. T. (1995). Health conditions and perceived quality of life in retirement. Health & Social Work, 20(3), 192-199. doi: 10.1093/hsw/20.3.192
Earl, J. K., Gerrans, P., & Halim, V. A. (2015). Active and adjusted: Investigating the contribution of leisure, health and psychosocial factors to retirement adjustment. Leisure Sciences, 37, 354-372. doi: 10.1080/01490400.2015.1021881
Floyd, F. J., Haynes, S. N., Doll, E. R., Winemiller, D., Lemsky, C., Burgy, T. M., Werle, M., & Heilman, N. (1992). Assessing retirement satisfaction and perceptions of retirement experiences. Psychology and Aging, 4(2), 609-621. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.7.4.609
Fouquereau, E., Fernández, A., & Mullet, E. (1999). The Retirement Satisfaction Inventory: Fator structure in a French sample. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 15(1), 49-56. doi: 10.027//1015-5759.15.1.49
França, L. H. F. P. (2008). O desafio da Aposentadoria: o exemplo dos executivos do Brasil e da Nova Zelândia [The challenge of Retirement: The example of executives in Brazil and New Zealand]. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Rocco.
França, L. H. F. P., & Hershey, D. (2018). Financial preparation for retirement in Brazil: a cross-cultural test for interdisciplinary financial planning model. Journal of Cross-cultural Gerontology, 33(2), 43-54, doi: 10.1007/s10823-018-9343-y
Guerson, L. R. S. C., França, L. H. F. P., & Amorim, S. M. (2018). Life satisfaction in retirees who are still working. Paideia, 28(e2812), 1-8. doi: 10.1590/1982-4327e2812
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. (2017). Síntese dos Indicadores Sociais: Uma análise das condições de vida da população brasileira [Summary of Social Indicators: An analysis of the living conditions of the Brazilian population]. Brasília: IBGE.
Leandro-França, C., Giardini Murta, S., & Iglesias, F. (2014). Planejamento da aposentadoria: Uma escala de mudança de comportamento [Planning for retirement: A scale of changes in behavior]. Revista Brasileira de Orientação Profissional, 15(1), 75-84.
Mendonça, H., Ferreira, M. C., Porto, J., & Zanini, D. S. (2012). Saúde, qualidade de vida e bem-estar: Limites e interfaces [Health, quality of life and well-being: Limits and interfaces]. In Ferreira, M. C. & Mendonça, H. (Orgs.) Saúde e bem-estar no Trabalho: Dimensões individuais e culturais [Health and well-being on the job: Individual and cultural aspects] (pp 11-34). São Paulo: Casa do Psicológo.
Miles, J. N. V., & Shevlin, M. E. (2001). Applying regression and correlation: A guide for students and researchers. London: Sage Publications.
Muñoz, J. J. F., Díaz, A. C., & la Hela, C. M. A. (2011). La transición hacia el retiro: Adaptación en una muestra de prejubilados espanoles de la escala Retirement Satisfaction Inventory [The transition to retirement: Adaptation in a sample of Spanish workers approaching retirement in the Retirement Satisfaction Inventory Satisfaction]. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 46(3), 139-146. doi: 10.1016/j.regg.2010.11.009
Noone, J., O'Loughlin, K. & Kendig, H. (2013). Australian baby boomers retiring ‘early’: Understanding the benefits of retirement preparation for involuntary and voluntary retirees Journal of Aging Studies, 27, 207-217. doi: 10.1016/j.jaging.2013.02.003
Pinquart, M., & Schindler, I. (2007). Changes of life satisfaction in the transition to retirement: A latent-class approach. Psychology and Aging, 22(3), 442-455. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.22.3.44
Poortinga, Y. H. (1989). Equivalence of cross-cultural data: An overview of basic issues. International Journal of Psychology, 24(1), 737-756. doi: 10.1080/00207598908246809
Price, C. A., & Joo, E. (2005). Exploring the relationship between marital status and women’s retirement satisfaction. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 61(1), 37-55. doi: 10.2190/TXVY-HAEB-X0PW-00QF
Quick, H. E., & Moen, P. (1998). Gender, employment, and retirement quality: A life course approach to the differential experiences of men and women. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 3(1), 44-64. doi: 10.1037/1076-8998.3.1.44
Rafalski, J. C., & Andrade, A. L. (2017). Desenvolvimento da Escala de Percepção de Futuro da Aposentadoria (EPFA) e correlatos psicossociais [Development of the Scale of Perception of Future Retirement and psychosocial correlates]. Psico-USF, 22(1), 49-62. doi: 10.1590/1413-82712017220105
Ruzik-Sierdzińska, A. (2018). An attempt to identify factors influencing retirement decisions in Poland. Acta Universitatis Lodziensi, 4(336), 43-59. doi: 10.18778/0208-6018.336.03
Silva, N., & Boehs, S. T. M. (2017). Psicologia positiva: Historicidade, episteme, ontologia, natureza humana e método [Positive psychology: Historicity, episteme, ontology human nature and method]. In , S. T. M. Boehs & N. Silva (Orgs.), Psicologia positiva nas organizações e trabalho: Conceitos fundamentais e sentidos aplicados [Positive psychology in organizations and work: Basic concepts and applications] (pp. 22-41). São Paulo: Vetor.
Siguaw, J. A., Sheng, X., & Simpson, P. M. (2016). Biopsychosocial and retirement factors influencing satisfaction with life: New perspectives. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 0(0), 1-22. doi: 10.1177/0091415016685833
Smith, P. C., Kendall, L. M., & Hulin, C. L. (1969). The measurement of satisfaction in work and retirement: A strategy for the study of attitudes. Chicago, IL: Rand McNally.
Van Solinge, H., & Henkens, K. (2008). Adjustment to and satisfaction with retirement: Two of a kind? Psychology and Aging, 23(2), 422-434. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.23.2.422
Valentini, F., Franco, V. R., & Iglesias, F. (2017). Introdução à análise de invariância: Influência de variáveis categóricas e intervalares na parametrização dos itens [Introduction to the analysis of invariance: the influence of categorical and interval variables in determining the parameters of items]. In B. F. Damásio & J. C. Borsa(Orgs.), Instrumentos psicológicos: Manual de desenvolvimento [Psychological instruments: Manual of development] (pp. 347-376). São Paulo: Vetor .
Yeung, D. Y., & Zhou, X. (2017). Planning for retirement: Longitudinal effect on retirement resources and post retirement well-being. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1-14. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01300
Yu, D., & Yang, Y. (2015). Measurement equivalence of a concise customer engagement metric across country, language, and customer types. Public Opinion Quarterly, 79, 325-358. doi: 10.1093/poq/nfv009
World Health Organization. (2018). Ageing and health. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health
Amorim, S. M., França, L. H. F. P., & Valentini, F. (2017). Predictors of happiness among retired from urban and rural areas in Brazil. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 30(2), 1-8. doi: 10.1186/s41155-016-0055-3
Byrne, B. M. (2001). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programing. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Cho, J., & Lee, A. (2013). Life satisfaction of the aged in the retirement process: A comparative study of South Korea with Germany and Switzerland. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 9(2), 179-195. doi: 10.1007/s11482-013-9237-7
Costa, B. R. L. (2018). Bola de neve virtual: O uso das redes sociais virtuais no processo de coleta de dados de uma pesquisa científica [Virtual snow ball: Use of social networks in the process of data collection for an academic research project]. Revista Interdisciplinar de Gestão Social, 7(1), 15-37.
Damasio, B. F. (2012). Uso da análise fatorial exploratória em psicologia [The use of exploratory factor analysis in psychology]. Avaliação Psicológica, 11(2), 213-228.
Dal Bianco, C., Trevisan, E., & Weber, G. (2015). “I want to break free”. The role of working conditions on retirement expectations and decisions. European Journal of Ageing, 12(1), 17-28. doi: 10.1007/s10433-014-0326-8
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffn, S. (2000). The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-74. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13.
Diener, E., Eunkook, M. S., Richard E. L., & Heidi L. S. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276-302. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.276
Dingemans, E., & Henkens, K. (2015). How do retirement dynamics influence mental well-being in later life? A 10-year panel study. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 41(1), 16-23. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.3464
Dorfman, L. T. (1995). Health conditions and perceived quality of life in retirement. Health & Social Work, 20(3), 192-199. doi: 10.1093/hsw/20.3.192
Earl, J. K., Gerrans, P., & Halim, V. A. (2015). Active and adjusted: Investigating the contribution of leisure, health and psychosocial factors to retirement adjustment. Leisure Sciences, 37, 354-372. doi: 10.1080/01490400.2015.1021881
Floyd, F. J., Haynes, S. N., Doll, E. R., Winemiller, D., Lemsky, C., Burgy, T. M., Werle, M., & Heilman, N. (1992). Assessing retirement satisfaction and perceptions of retirement experiences. Psychology and Aging, 4(2), 609-621. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.7.4.609
Fouquereau, E., Fernández, A., & Mullet, E. (1999). The Retirement Satisfaction Inventory: Fator structure in a French sample. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 15(1), 49-56. doi: 10.027//1015-5759.15.1.49
França, L. H. F. P. (2008). O desafio da Aposentadoria: o exemplo dos executivos do Brasil e da Nova Zelândia [The challenge of Retirement: The example of executives in Brazil and New Zealand]. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Rocco.
França, L. H. F. P., & Hershey, D. (2018). Financial preparation for retirement in Brazil: a cross-cultural test for interdisciplinary financial planning model. Journal of Cross-cultural Gerontology, 33(2), 43-54, doi: 10.1007/s10823-018-9343-y
Guerson, L. R. S. C., França, L. H. F. P., & Amorim, S. M. (2018). Life satisfaction in retirees who are still working. Paideia, 28(e2812), 1-8. doi: 10.1590/1982-4327e2812
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. (2017). Síntese dos Indicadores Sociais: Uma análise das condições de vida da população brasileira [Summary of Social Indicators: An analysis of the living conditions of the Brazilian population]. Brasília: IBGE.
Leandro-França, C., Giardini Murta, S., & Iglesias, F. (2014). Planejamento da aposentadoria: Uma escala de mudança de comportamento [Planning for retirement: A scale of changes in behavior]. Revista Brasileira de Orientação Profissional, 15(1), 75-84.
Mendonça, H., Ferreira, M. C., Porto, J., & Zanini, D. S. (2012). Saúde, qualidade de vida e bem-estar: Limites e interfaces [Health, quality of life and well-being: Limits and interfaces]. In Ferreira, M. C. & Mendonça, H. (Orgs.) Saúde e bem-estar no Trabalho: Dimensões individuais e culturais [Health and well-being on the job: Individual and cultural aspects] (pp 11-34). São Paulo: Casa do Psicológo.
Miles, J. N. V., & Shevlin, M. E. (2001). Applying regression and correlation: A guide for students and researchers. London: Sage Publications.
Muñoz, J. J. F., Díaz, A. C., & la Hela, C. M. A. (2011). La transición hacia el retiro: Adaptación en una muestra de prejubilados espanoles de la escala Retirement Satisfaction Inventory [The transition to retirement: Adaptation in a sample of Spanish workers approaching retirement in the Retirement Satisfaction Inventory Satisfaction]. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 46(3), 139-146. doi: 10.1016/j.regg.2010.11.009
Noone, J., O'Loughlin, K. & Kendig, H. (2013). Australian baby boomers retiring ‘early’: Understanding the benefits of retirement preparation for involuntary and voluntary retirees Journal of Aging Studies, 27, 207-217. doi: 10.1016/j.jaging.2013.02.003
Pinquart, M., & Schindler, I. (2007). Changes of life satisfaction in the transition to retirement: A latent-class approach. Psychology and Aging, 22(3), 442-455. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.22.3.44
Poortinga, Y. H. (1989). Equivalence of cross-cultural data: An overview of basic issues. International Journal of Psychology, 24(1), 737-756. doi: 10.1080/00207598908246809
Price, C. A., & Joo, E. (2005). Exploring the relationship between marital status and women’s retirement satisfaction. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 61(1), 37-55. doi: 10.2190/TXVY-HAEB-X0PW-00QF
Quick, H. E., & Moen, P. (1998). Gender, employment, and retirement quality: A life course approach to the differential experiences of men and women. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 3(1), 44-64. doi: 10.1037/1076-8998.3.1.44
Rafalski, J. C., & Andrade, A. L. (2017). Desenvolvimento da Escala de Percepção de Futuro da Aposentadoria (EPFA) e correlatos psicossociais [Development of the Scale of Perception of Future Retirement and psychosocial correlates]. Psico-USF, 22(1), 49-62. doi: 10.1590/1413-82712017220105
Ruzik-Sierdzińska, A. (2018). An attempt to identify factors influencing retirement decisions in Poland. Acta Universitatis Lodziensi, 4(336), 43-59. doi: 10.18778/0208-6018.336.03
Silva, N., & Boehs, S. T. M. (2017). Psicologia positiva: Historicidade, episteme, ontologia, natureza humana e método [Positive psychology: Historicity, episteme, ontology human nature and method]. In , S. T. M. Boehs & N. Silva (Orgs.), Psicologia positiva nas organizações e trabalho: Conceitos fundamentais e sentidos aplicados [Positive psychology in organizations and work: Basic concepts and applications] (pp. 22-41). São Paulo: Vetor.
Siguaw, J. A., Sheng, X., & Simpson, P. M. (2016). Biopsychosocial and retirement factors influencing satisfaction with life: New perspectives. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 0(0), 1-22. doi: 10.1177/0091415016685833
Smith, P. C., Kendall, L. M., & Hulin, C. L. (1969). The measurement of satisfaction in work and retirement: A strategy for the study of attitudes. Chicago, IL: Rand McNally.
Van Solinge, H., & Henkens, K. (2008). Adjustment to and satisfaction with retirement: Two of a kind? Psychology and Aging, 23(2), 422-434. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.23.2.422
Valentini, F., Franco, V. R., & Iglesias, F. (2017). Introdução à análise de invariância: Influência de variáveis categóricas e intervalares na parametrização dos itens [Introduction to the analysis of invariance: the influence of categorical and interval variables in determining the parameters of items]. In B. F. Damásio & J. C. Borsa(Orgs.), Instrumentos psicológicos: Manual de desenvolvimento [Psychological instruments: Manual of development] (pp. 347-376). São Paulo: Vetor .
Yeung, D. Y., & Zhou, X. (2017). Planning for retirement: Longitudinal effect on retirement resources and post retirement well-being. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1-14. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01300
Yu, D., & Yang, Y. (2015). Measurement equivalence of a concise customer engagement metric across country, language, and customer types. Public Opinion Quarterly, 79, 325-358. doi: 10.1093/poq/nfv009
World Health Organization. (2018). Ageing and health. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health
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Publié-e
2019-11-08
Comment citer
Miranda Amorim, S. ., & Helena França, L. . (2019). Razões para Aposentar e Satisfação na Aposentadoria. Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 35. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102.3772e3558
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Estudos Empíricos
