Crenças Essencialistas Sobre Policiais e Delinquentes
Mots-clés :
Essencialismo, Naturalização, Entitatividade, Policial, DelinquenteRésumé
O objetivo deste artigo foi descrever crenças esssencialistas em um experimento no paradigma do transplante de cérebro. Participantes brasileiros (101) e espanhóis (138) foram submetidos a um experimento mental de desenho 2 (país) x 2 (direção do transplante). A análise loglinear não evidenciou um claro efeito principal do país, embora tenha identificado uma interação entre o país e o transplante de cérebro. Posteriormente, as justificativas apresentadas pelos participantes foram analisadas e o que evidenciou que as pressões situacionais foram arroladas para explicar a estabilidade da conduta, enquanto as demais fontes explicativas foram adotadas predominantemente para explicar mudanças no comportamento decorrentes do transplante do cérebro. Implicações são discutidas.
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Références
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Gottfried, G., Gelman, S., & Schultz, J. (1999). Children’s understanding of the brain: from early essentialism to biological theory. Cognitive Development, 14, 147-174.
Haslam, N. (1998). Natural kinds, human kinds, and essentialism. Social Research, 65(2), 1-10.
Haslam, N., Bain, P., Douge, L., Lee, M., & Bastian, B. (2005). More human than you: attributing humanness to self and others. Journal of Personality an Social Psychology, 89(6), 937-950.
Heider, F. (1970). Psicologia das relações interpessoais. São Paulo: Pioneira (edição original: 1958).
Johnson, C. N. (1990). If you had my brain, where I would be? Children’s understanding of the brain and identity. Child Development, 61, 962-972.
Jones, E., & Davis, K. (1965). From acts to dispositions: the attribution process in perception of person. Em L. Berkowitz (Ed.). Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (vol. 2) (pp. 219-266). New York: Academic Press.
Keller, J. (2005). In genes we trust: the biological component of psychological essentialism and its relationship to mechanisms of motivated social cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(4), 686-702.
Macrae, C., & Bodenhausen, G. (2000). Social cognition: thinking categorically about others. Annual Review of Psychology, 51, 93-120.
Mahalingam, R. (2003). Essentialism, culture, and power: representations of social class. Journal of Social Issues, 59(4), 733-749.
Mahalingam, R., & Rodriguez, R. (2003). Essentialism, power and cultural psychology of gender. Journal of Cognition and Culture, 2, 157-174.
Malle, B. (1999). How people explain behavior: a new theoretical framework. Personality and Psychology Social Review, 3, 23-48.
Malle, B. (2006). How the mind explains behavior. Folk explanations, meaning and Social Interactions. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.
Medin, D. (1989). Concepts and conceptual structure. American Psychologist, 44(12), 1469-1481.
Medin, D., Goldstone, R., & Gentner, D. (1993). Respects for similarity. Psychological Review, 44, 1469-81.
Medin, D., & Shoben, E. (1988). Context and structure in conceptual combination. Cognitive Psychology, 20, 158-190.
Pereira, M., Alvaro, J.L. & Schweiger, I (2010). Essentialism and the expression of social stereotypes: a comparative study in Spain, Brazil and England. Spanish Journal of Psychology, 13 (2), 808-817
Picket, C. (2001). The effects of entitativity beliefs on implicit comparisons between group members. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(5), 515-525.
Rosch, E. (1975). Cognitive representations of semantic categories. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 104, 192-233.
Rosch, E., Mervis, C., Gray, W., Johnson, D., & Boyes-Braem, P. (1976). Basic objects in natural categories. Cognitive Psychology, 8, 383-439.
Rothbart, M., & Taylor, M. (1992). Category labels and social reality: do we view social categories as natural kinds? Em G. Semin & K. Fiedler (Eds.). Language, interaction and social cognition (pp.11-36). London: Sage.
Sherman, J. (1996). Development and mental representations of stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 1126-1141
Yzerbyt, V., Rocher, S., & Schadron, G. (1997). Stereotypes as explanations: a subjective essentialistic view of group perception. Em R. Spears, P. Oakes, N. Ellemers & A. Haslam (Eds.). The Psychology of stereotyping and group life. (pp.20-50). London: Basil Blackwell.
Gelman, S. (2004). Psychological essentialism in children. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8, 404-409.
Gottfried, G., Gelman, S., & Schultz, J. (1999). Children’s understanding of the brain: from early essentialism to biological theory. Cognitive Development, 14, 147-174.
Haslam, N. (1998). Natural kinds, human kinds, and essentialism. Social Research, 65(2), 1-10.
Haslam, N., Bain, P., Douge, L., Lee, M., & Bastian, B. (2005). More human than you: attributing humanness to self and others. Journal of Personality an Social Psychology, 89(6), 937-950.
Heider, F. (1970). Psicologia das relações interpessoais. São Paulo: Pioneira (edição original: 1958).
Johnson, C. N. (1990). If you had my brain, where I would be? Children’s understanding of the brain and identity. Child Development, 61, 962-972.
Jones, E., & Davis, K. (1965). From acts to dispositions: the attribution process in perception of person. Em L. Berkowitz (Ed.). Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (vol. 2) (pp. 219-266). New York: Academic Press.
Keller, J. (2005). In genes we trust: the biological component of psychological essentialism and its relationship to mechanisms of motivated social cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(4), 686-702.
Macrae, C., & Bodenhausen, G. (2000). Social cognition: thinking categorically about others. Annual Review of Psychology, 51, 93-120.
Mahalingam, R. (2003). Essentialism, culture, and power: representations of social class. Journal of Social Issues, 59(4), 733-749.
Mahalingam, R., & Rodriguez, R. (2003). Essentialism, power and cultural psychology of gender. Journal of Cognition and Culture, 2, 157-174.
Malle, B. (1999). How people explain behavior: a new theoretical framework. Personality and Psychology Social Review, 3, 23-48.
Malle, B. (2006). How the mind explains behavior. Folk explanations, meaning and Social Interactions. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.
Medin, D. (1989). Concepts and conceptual structure. American Psychologist, 44(12), 1469-1481.
Medin, D., Goldstone, R., & Gentner, D. (1993). Respects for similarity. Psychological Review, 44, 1469-81.
Medin, D., & Shoben, E. (1988). Context and structure in conceptual combination. Cognitive Psychology, 20, 158-190.
Pereira, M., Alvaro, J.L. & Schweiger, I (2010). Essentialism and the expression of social stereotypes: a comparative study in Spain, Brazil and England. Spanish Journal of Psychology, 13 (2), 808-817
Picket, C. (2001). The effects of entitativity beliefs on implicit comparisons between group members. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(5), 515-525.
Rosch, E. (1975). Cognitive representations of semantic categories. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 104, 192-233.
Rosch, E., Mervis, C., Gray, W., Johnson, D., & Boyes-Braem, P. (1976). Basic objects in natural categories. Cognitive Psychology, 8, 383-439.
Rothbart, M., & Taylor, M. (1992). Category labels and social reality: do we view social categories as natural kinds? Em G. Semin & K. Fiedler (Eds.). Language, interaction and social cognition (pp.11-36). London: Sage.
Sherman, J. (1996). Development and mental representations of stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 1126-1141
Yzerbyt, V., Rocher, S., & Schadron, G. (1997). Stereotypes as explanations: a subjective essentialistic view of group perception. Em R. Spears, P. Oakes, N. Ellemers & A. Haslam (Eds.). The Psychology of stereotyping and group life. (pp.20-50). London: Basil Blackwell.
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Publié-e
2011-02-12
Comment citer
Pereira, M. E., Estramiana, J. L. Álvaro, Vasconcelos, C., & Alves, M. V. (2011). Crenças Essencialistas Sobre Policiais e Delinquentes. Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 26(4), 707–715. Consulté à l’adresse https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/revistaptp/article/view/17495
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