Consequências do Externalismo Behaviorista Radical
Mots-clés :
Behaviorismo radical, Análise do comportamento, Fisiologia do comportamento, Eventos privadosRésumé
O artigo discute a proposta de Skinner para a ciência do comportamento, caracterizando-a como "externalista" (voltada para as relações do organismo com eventos que lhe são externos). Examina-se o discurso de Skinner sobre diferentes explicações para o comportamento, em obras de 1938, 1953 e 1990, a fim de indicar sua preocupação permanente com a definição das fronteiras entre análise do comportamento e (neuro)fisiologia. Apontam-se aspectos da elaboração skinneriana que a tornam insuficiente para sustentar uma declaração coerente sobre a autonomia de uma ciência do comportamento e procura-se ilustrar como essa dificuldade se reflete na literatura contemporânea da área
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Références
Antonuccio, D.O., Danton, W.G. & DeNelsky, G.Y. (1995). Psychotherapy
versus medication for depression: Challenging the
conventional wisdom with data. Professional Psychology: Research
and Practice, 26, 574-585.
Baer, D. (1996). On the invulnerability of behavior-analytic theory
to biological research. The Behavior Analyst, 19, 83-84.
Barnes, D. & Roche, B. (1994). Mechanistic ontology and contextualistic
epistemology: A contradiction within behavior analysis.
The Behavior Analyst, 17, 165-168.
Bullock, D. (1996). Toward a reconstructive understanding of behavior:
A response to Reese. The Behavior Analyst, 19, 75-78.
Carvalho Neto, M.B. (1996). Skinner e o papel das variáveis biológicas
em uma explicação comportamental: uma discussão
do modelo explicativo skinneriano a partir da contraposição
desta proposta ao pensamento etológico de K. Lorenz. Dissertação
de Mestrado, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém.
Cavalcante, S.N. (1997). Abordagem biocomportamental: síntese
da análise do comportamento? Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica,
10, 263-273.
Coutinho, A.R. (1995). A questão da subjetividade: Justificativa de
uma abordagem transdisciplinar baseada na pragmática. Cadernos
de Subjetividade, 3, 315-340.
Donahoe, J.W. (1996). On the relation between behavior analysis
and biology. The Behavior Analyst, 19, 71-73.
Donahoe, J.W., Burgos, J.E. & Palmer, D.C. (1993). A selectionist
approach to reinforcement. Journal of the Experimental Analysis
of Behavior, 60, 17-40.
Donahoe, J.W. & Palmer, D.C. (1994). Learning and complex behavior.
Boston/London: Allyn and Bacon.
Hora, S.R. & Kestner, J. (1995). Cognitions, thoughts, private events,
etc. are never initiating causes of behavior: Reply to Overskeid.
Psychological Record, 45, 577-589.
Hayes, S.C., Hayes, L.J. & Reese, H.W. (1988). Finding the philosophical
core: A review of Stephen C. Pepper's World hypotheses:
A study in evidence. Journal of the Experimental Analysis
of Behavior, 50, 97-111.
Hernstein, R.J. (1977). The evolution of behaviorism. American
Psychologist, 32, 593-603.
Kriegman, D. (1996). The effectiveness of medication: The Consumer
Reports study. American Psychologist, 51, 1086.
Moore, J. (1997). Some thoughts on the S-R issue and the relation
between behavior analysis and behavioral neuroscience. Journal
of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 67, 242-245.
Overskeid, G. (1994). Private events and other causes of behavior:
Who can tell the difference? Psychological Record, 44, 35-43.
Place, U.T (1995/1996). Symbolic processes and stimulus equivalence.
Behavior and Philosophy, 23(3) I 24(1), 13-30.
Poling, A. & Byrne, T. (1996). Reactions to Reese: Lord, let us
laud and lament. The Behavior Analyst, 19, 79-82.
Reese, H.W. (1993). Comments about Morris's paper. The Behavior
Analyst, 16, 61-14.
Reese, H.W. (1996a). How is physiology relevant to behavior analysis?
The Behavior Analyst, 19, 61-70.
Reese, H.W. (1996b). Response to commentaries. The Behavior
Analyst, 19, 85-88.
Seligman, M.E.P. (1995). The effectiveness of psychoterapy: The
Consumer Reports study. American Psychologist, 50,965-91 A.
Shull, R.L. (1995). Interpreting cognitive phenomena: Review of
Donahoe and Palmer's Learning and complex behavior. Journal
of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 63, 347-358.
Silva, M.T.A. (1997). Modelos animais de ansiedade. Em D.R.
Zamignani (Org.), Sobre comportamento e cognição (Volume
3, pp. 91-96). Santo André, São Paulo: ABPMC/ARBytes.
Skinner, B.F. (1938). The behavior of organisms. New York: Appleton-
Century-Crofts.
Skinner, B.F. (1945). The operational analysis of psychological
terms. Psychological Review, 52, 270-277/291-294.
Skinner, B.F. (1965). Science andhuman behavior. New York/London:
Free Press/Collier MacMillan. (Originalmente publicado
em 1953)
Skinner, B.F. (1974). About behaviorism. New York: Alfred A.
Knopf.
Skinner, B.F. (1977). Hernstein and the evolution of behaviorism.
American Psychologist, 32, 1006-1012.
Skinner, B.F. (1989). The behavior of organisms at 50. Em B.F.
Skinner (Org.), Recent issues in the analysis of behavior (pp.
121-135). Columbus, Ohio: Merrill. (Originalmente publicado
em 1988)
Skinner, B ,F. (1990). Can psychology be a science of mind? American
Psychologist, 45, 1206-1210.
Smith, T.L. (1983). Skinner's environmentalism: The analogy with
natural selection. Behaviorism, 11, 133-153.
Stemmer, N. (1995). Explanatory and predictive roles of inner causes:
A reply to Overskeid. Psychological Record, 45, 349-354.
Tourinho, E.Z. (1996). Behaviorismo radical, representacionismo
e pragmatismo. Temas em Psicologia, 2, 41-56.
Tourinho, E.Z. (1997). Privacidade, comportamento e o conceito
de ambiente interno. Em R.A. Banaco (Org.), Sobre comportamento
e cognição (Volume 1, pp. 217-229). Santo André, São
Paulo: ABPMC/ARBytes.
Watson, J.B. (1970). Behaviorism. New York: Norton Library. (Originalmente
publicado em 1930, como edição revisada e ampliada
de outra versão publicada em 1924).
Zuriff, GE. (1979). Ten inner causes. Behaviorism, 7(1), 1-8.
versus medication for depression: Challenging the
conventional wisdom with data. Professional Psychology: Research
and Practice, 26, 574-585.
Baer, D. (1996). On the invulnerability of behavior-analytic theory
to biological research. The Behavior Analyst, 19, 83-84.
Barnes, D. & Roche, B. (1994). Mechanistic ontology and contextualistic
epistemology: A contradiction within behavior analysis.
The Behavior Analyst, 17, 165-168.
Bullock, D. (1996). Toward a reconstructive understanding of behavior:
A response to Reese. The Behavior Analyst, 19, 75-78.
Carvalho Neto, M.B. (1996). Skinner e o papel das variáveis biológicas
em uma explicação comportamental: uma discussão
do modelo explicativo skinneriano a partir da contraposição
desta proposta ao pensamento etológico de K. Lorenz. Dissertação
de Mestrado, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém.
Cavalcante, S.N. (1997). Abordagem biocomportamental: síntese
da análise do comportamento? Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica,
10, 263-273.
Coutinho, A.R. (1995). A questão da subjetividade: Justificativa de
uma abordagem transdisciplinar baseada na pragmática. Cadernos
de Subjetividade, 3, 315-340.
Donahoe, J.W. (1996). On the relation between behavior analysis
and biology. The Behavior Analyst, 19, 71-73.
Donahoe, J.W., Burgos, J.E. & Palmer, D.C. (1993). A selectionist
approach to reinforcement. Journal of the Experimental Analysis
of Behavior, 60, 17-40.
Donahoe, J.W. & Palmer, D.C. (1994). Learning and complex behavior.
Boston/London: Allyn and Bacon.
Hora, S.R. & Kestner, J. (1995). Cognitions, thoughts, private events,
etc. are never initiating causes of behavior: Reply to Overskeid.
Psychological Record, 45, 577-589.
Hayes, S.C., Hayes, L.J. & Reese, H.W. (1988). Finding the philosophical
core: A review of Stephen C. Pepper's World hypotheses:
A study in evidence. Journal of the Experimental Analysis
of Behavior, 50, 97-111.
Hernstein, R.J. (1977). The evolution of behaviorism. American
Psychologist, 32, 593-603.
Kriegman, D. (1996). The effectiveness of medication: The Consumer
Reports study. American Psychologist, 51, 1086.
Moore, J. (1997). Some thoughts on the S-R issue and the relation
between behavior analysis and behavioral neuroscience. Journal
of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 67, 242-245.
Overskeid, G. (1994). Private events and other causes of behavior:
Who can tell the difference? Psychological Record, 44, 35-43.
Place, U.T (1995/1996). Symbolic processes and stimulus equivalence.
Behavior and Philosophy, 23(3) I 24(1), 13-30.
Poling, A. & Byrne, T. (1996). Reactions to Reese: Lord, let us
laud and lament. The Behavior Analyst, 19, 79-82.
Reese, H.W. (1993). Comments about Morris's paper. The Behavior
Analyst, 16, 61-14.
Reese, H.W. (1996a). How is physiology relevant to behavior analysis?
The Behavior Analyst, 19, 61-70.
Reese, H.W. (1996b). Response to commentaries. The Behavior
Analyst, 19, 85-88.
Seligman, M.E.P. (1995). The effectiveness of psychoterapy: The
Consumer Reports study. American Psychologist, 50,965-91 A.
Shull, R.L. (1995). Interpreting cognitive phenomena: Review of
Donahoe and Palmer's Learning and complex behavior. Journal
of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 63, 347-358.
Silva, M.T.A. (1997). Modelos animais de ansiedade. Em D.R.
Zamignani (Org.), Sobre comportamento e cognição (Volume
3, pp. 91-96). Santo André, São Paulo: ABPMC/ARBytes.
Skinner, B.F. (1938). The behavior of organisms. New York: Appleton-
Century-Crofts.
Skinner, B.F. (1945). The operational analysis of psychological
terms. Psychological Review, 52, 270-277/291-294.
Skinner, B.F. (1965). Science andhuman behavior. New York/London:
Free Press/Collier MacMillan. (Originalmente publicado
em 1953)
Skinner, B.F. (1974). About behaviorism. New York: Alfred A.
Knopf.
Skinner, B.F. (1977). Hernstein and the evolution of behaviorism.
American Psychologist, 32, 1006-1012.
Skinner, B.F. (1989). The behavior of organisms at 50. Em B.F.
Skinner (Org.), Recent issues in the analysis of behavior (pp.
121-135). Columbus, Ohio: Merrill. (Originalmente publicado
em 1988)
Skinner, B ,F. (1990). Can psychology be a science of mind? American
Psychologist, 45, 1206-1210.
Smith, T.L. (1983). Skinner's environmentalism: The analogy with
natural selection. Behaviorism, 11, 133-153.
Stemmer, N. (1995). Explanatory and predictive roles of inner causes:
A reply to Overskeid. Psychological Record, 45, 349-354.
Tourinho, E.Z. (1996). Behaviorismo radical, representacionismo
e pragmatismo. Temas em Psicologia, 2, 41-56.
Tourinho, E.Z. (1997). Privacidade, comportamento e o conceito
de ambiente interno. Em R.A. Banaco (Org.), Sobre comportamento
e cognição (Volume 1, pp. 217-229). Santo André, São
Paulo: ABPMC/ARBytes.
Watson, J.B. (1970). Behaviorism. New York: Norton Library. (Originalmente
publicado em 1930, como edição revisada e ampliada
de outra versão publicada em 1924).
Zuriff, GE. (1979). Ten inner causes. Behaviorism, 7(1), 1-8.
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Publié-e
2012-09-18
Comment citer
Tourinho, E. Z. (2012). Consequências do Externalismo Behaviorista Radical. Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 15(2). Consulté à l’adresse https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/revistaptp/article/view/17386
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