Neurobiological Evidence of Attentional Bias in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Systematic Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/0102.3772e37212%20Keywords:
Obsessive-compulsive disorder, Attention, NeurobiologyAbstract
The attentional bias is the allocation of attentional resources to irrelevant stimuli during a task. It is assumed that patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) presents attentional bias toward threatening stimuli. In order to describe OCD’s neurobiological findings of attentional bias towards a threat, it was performed a systematic review of experimental studies with neurobiological assessment in the following databases: MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus and LILACS. Four studies with control group are described in this review, all presenting statistically significant differences in brain activity associated with attention in patients. The neurobiological findings of the studies included in the review suggest allocation of attentional resources to irrelevant stimuli, regardless of the emotional valence in OCD.
Downloads
References
Abe, Y., Sakai, Y., Nishida, S., Nakamae, T., Yamada, K., Fukui, K., & Narumoto, J. (2015). Hyper-influence of the orbitofrontal cortex over the ventral striatum in obsessive-compulsive disorder. European Neuropsychopharmacology: The Journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 25(11), 1898-1905. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.08.017
Aguirre, G. K., Detre, J. A., Alsop, D. C., & D’Esposito, M. (1996). The parahippocampus subserves topographical learning in man. Cerebral Cortex, 6(6), 823-829. http://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/6.6.823
American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4ª ed.). DC: Author.
American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5ª ed.). DC: Author .
Andreou, C., Leicht, G., Popescu, V., Pogarell, O., Mavrogiorgou, P., Rujescu, D., Giegling, I., Zaudig, M., Juckel, G., Hegerl, U., & Mulert, C. (2013). P300 in obsessive-compulsive disorder: source localization and the effects of treatment. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 47(12), 1975-1983. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.09.003
Ball, T. M., Stein, M. B., & Paulus, M. P. (2014). Toward the application of functional neuroimaging to individualized treatment for anxiety and depression. Depression and Anxiety, 31(11), 920-933. http://doi.org/10.1002/da.22299
Bar-Haim, Y., Lamy, D., & Glickman, S. (2005). Attentional bias in anxiety: a behavioral and ERP study. Brain and Cognition, 59(1), 11-22. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2005.03.005
Bar-Haim, Y., Lamy, D., Pergamin, L., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2007). Threat-related attentional bias in anxious and nonanxious individuals: a meta-analytic study. Psychological Bulletin, 133(1), 1-24. http://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.1
Beard, C. (2011). Cognitive bias modification for anxiety: current evidence and future directions. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 11(2), 299-311. http://doi.org/10.1586/ern.10.194
Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561-571.
Bench, C. J., Frith, C. D., Grasby, P. M., Friston, K. J., Paulesu, E., Frackowiak, R. S., & Dolan, R. J. (1993). Investigations of the functional anatomy of attention using the Stroop test. Neuropsychologia, 31(9), 907-922. https://doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(93)90147-R
Bishop, S., Duncan, J., Brett, M., & Lawrence, A. D. (2004). Prefrontal cortical function and anxiety: Controlling attention to threat-related stimuli. Nature Neuroscience, 7(2), 184-188. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1173
Bzdok, D., Laird, A. R., Zilles, K., Fox, P. T., & Eickhoff, S. B. (2013). An investigation of the structural, connectional, and functional subspecialization in the human amygdala. Human Brain Mapping, 34(12), 3247-3266. http://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.22138
Cavanna, A. E., & Trimble, M. R. (2006). The precuneus: a review of its functional anatomy and behavioural correlates. Brain, 129, 564-583. http://doi:10.1093/brain/awl004
Choi, S. A., & Lee, J.-H. (2015). The effect of enhanced responsibility on attentional bias in obsessive-compulsive checkers. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 6, 27-32. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2015.04.003
Cisler, J. M., & Koster, E. H. W. (2010). Mechanisms of attentional biases towards threat in the anxiety disorders: An integrative review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(2), 203. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.003
Coles, M. E., & Heimberg, R. G. (2002). Memory biases in the anxiety disorders: current status. Clinical Psychology Review, 22(4), 587-627.
Coles, M. E., Turk, C. L., & Heimberg, R. G. (2007). Memory bias for threat in generalized anxiety disorder: the potential importance of stimulus relevance. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 36(2), 65-73. http://doi.org/10.1080/16506070601070459
Compton, R. J., Banich, M. T., Mohanty, A., Milham, M. P., Herrington, J., Miller, G. A., Scalf, P.E., Webb, A., & Heller, W. (2003). Paying attention to emotion: An fMRI investigation of cognitive and emotional stroop tasks. Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience, 3(2), 81-96.
Derogatis, L. R., & Melisaratos, N. (1983). The brief symptom inventory: An introductory report. Psychological Medicine, 13(3), 595-605.
Di Russo, F., Zaccara, G., Ragazzoni, A., & Pallanti, S. (2000). Abnormal visual event-related potentials in obsessive-compulsive disorder without panic disorder or depression comorbidity. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 34(1), 75-82.
Etkin, A., Egner, T., & Kalisch, R. (2011). Emotional processing in anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15(2), 85-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2010.11.004
Fan, J., Zhong, M., Zhu, X., Lei, H., Dong, J., Zhou, C., & Liu, W. (2014). An attentional inhibitory deficit for irrelevant information in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Evidence from ERPs. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 94(3), 420-426. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.11.002
Foa, E. B., Kozak, M. J., Salkovskis, P. M., Coles, M. E., & Amir, N. (1998). The validation of a new obsessive-compulsive disorder scale: The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory. Psychological Assessment, 10(3), 206-214. http://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.10.3.206
Friedman, D., Cycowicz, Y. M., & Gaeta, H. (2001). The novelty P3: An event-related brain potential (ERP) sign of the brain’s evaluation of novelty. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 25(4), 355-373.
Gallagher, M., & Chiba, A. A. (1996). The amygdala and emotion. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 6(2), 221-227.
Goodman, W. K., Price, L. H., Rasmussen, S. A., Mazure, C., Fleischmann, R. L., Hill, C. L., Heninger, G. R., & Charney, D. S. (1989). The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. I. Development, use, and reliability. Archives of General Psychiatry, 46(11), 1006-1011.
Harkness, E. L., Harris, L. M., Jones, M. K., & Vaccaro, L. (2009). No evidence of attentional bias in obsessive compulsive checking on the dot probe paradigm. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47(5), 437-443. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.02.004
Hartley, C. A., & Phelps, E. A. (2010). Changing fear: the neurocircuitry of emotion regulation. Neuropsychopharmacology: Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 35(1), 136-146. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2009.121
Heilman, K. M., & Van Den Abell, T. (1980). Right hemisphere dominance for attention: the mechanism underlying hemispheric asymmetries of inattention (neglect). Neurology, 30(3), 327-330.
Ischebeck, M., Endrass, T., Simon, D., & Kathmann, N. (2011). Auditory novelty processing is enhanced in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depression and Anxiety, 28(10), 915-923. http://doi.org/10.1002/da.20886
Jensen, A. R., & Rohwer, W. D. (1966). The Stroop color-word test: a review. Acta Psychologica, 25(1), 36-93.
Keskin-Ergen, Y., Tükel, R., AslantaÅŸ-Ertekin, B., Ertekin, E., Oflaz, S., & Devrim-Üçok, M. (2013). N2 and P3 potentials in early-onset and late-onset patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depression and Anxiety, 31(12), 997-1006. http://doi.org/10.1002/da.22212
Key, A. P. F., Dove, G. O., & Maguire, M. J. (2005). Linking brainwaves to the brain: an ERP primer. Developmental Neuropsychology, 27(2), 183-215. http://doi.org/10.1207/s15326942dn2702_1
Kondo, H., Osaka, N., & Osaka, M. (2004). Cooperation of the anterior cingulate cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for attention shifting. NeuroImage, 23(2), 670-679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.06.014
Kumar, N., & Chadda, R. K. (2011). Augmentation effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the supplementary motor cortex in treatment refractory patients with obsessive compulsive disorder. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 53(4), 340-342. http://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.91909
Kwon, J. S., Jang, J. H., Choi, J.-S., & Kang, D.-H. (2009). Neuroimaging in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 9(2), 255-269. http://doi.org/10.1586/14737175.9.2.255
Kyrios, M., & Iob, M. A. (1998). Automatic and strategic processing in obsessive-compulsive disorder: attentional bias, cognitive avoidance or more complex phenomena? Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 12(4), 271-292.
Lavy, E., van Oppen, P., & van den Hout, M. (1994). Selective processing of emotional information in obsessive compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32(2), 243-246.
Li, X., Li, X., & Luo, Y.-J. (2005). Anxiety and attentional bias for threat: an event-related potential study. Neuroreport, 16(13), 1501-1505.
Lima, R. F. (2005). Compreendendo os Mecanismos Atencionais [Understanding the attentional mechanisms]. Ciênc. cogn, 113-122.
Maguire, E. A., Frackowiak, R. S., & Frith, C. D. (1996). Learning to find your way: a role for the human hippocampal formation. Proceedings. Biological Sciences / The Royal Society, 263(1377), 1745-1750. http://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1996.0255
Mantovani, A., Rossi, S., Bassi, B. D., Simpson, H. B., Fallon, B. A., & Lisanby, S. H. (2013). Modulation of motor cortex excitability in obsessive-compulsive disorder: an exploratory study on the relations of neurophysiology measures with clinical outcome. Psychiatry Research, 210(3), 1026-1032. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2013.08.054
Mathews, A., Mackintosh, B., & Fulcher, E. P. (1997). Cognitive biases in anxiety and attention to threat. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 1(9), 340-345. http://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(97)01092-9
Montgomery, S. A., & Asberg, M. (1979). A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change. The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science, 134, 382-389.
Moritz, S., Fischer, B.-K., Hottenrott, B., Kellner, M., Fricke, S., Randjbar, S., & Jelinek, L. (2008). Words may not be enough! No increased emotional Stroop effect in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46(9), 1101-1104. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2008.05.005
Muller, J., & Roberts, J. E. (2005). Memory and attention in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: a review. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 19(1), 1-28. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2003.12.001
Nakao, T., Okada, K., & Kanba, S. (2014). Neurobiological model of obsessive-compulsive disorder: Evidence from recent neuropsychological and neuroimaging findings. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 68(8), 587-605. http://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12195
O’Toole, L., & Dennis, T. A. (2012). Attention training and the threat bias: an ERP study. Brain and Cognition, 78(1), 63-73. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2011.10.007
Pardo, J. V., Fox, P. T., & Raichle, M. E. (1991). Localization of a human system for sustained attention by positron emission tomography. Nature, 349(6304), 61-64. https://doi.org/10.1038/349061a0
Petersen, S. E., & Posner, M. I. (2012). The attention system of the human brain: 20 years after. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 35, 73-89. http://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-062111-150525
Pilowsky, I. (1967). Dimensions of hypochondriasis. The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science, 113(494), 89-93.
Posner, M. I. (1992). Attention as a Cognitive and Neural System. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 1(1), 11-14.
Posner, M. I. (1994). Attention: the mechanisms of consciousness. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 91(16), 7398-7403.
Rao, N. P., Arasappa, R., Reddy, N. N., Venkatasubramanian, G., & Reddy, Y. C. J. (2010). Emotional interference in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a neuropsychological study using optimized emotional Stroop test. Psychiatry Research, 180(2-3), 99-104. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2009.10.017
Rauch, S. L. (2003). Neuroimaging and neurocircuitry models pertaining to the neurosurgical treatment of psychiatric disorders. Neurosurgery Clinics of North America, 14(2), 213-223, vii-viii.
Rossignol, M., Campanella, S., Bissot, C., & Philippot, P. (2013). Fear of negative evaluation and attentional bias for facial expressions: an event-related study. Brain and Cognition, 82(3), 344-352. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2013.05.008
Sanavio, E. (1988). Obsessions and compulsions: The Padua inventory. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 26(2), 169-177. http://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(88)90116-7
Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., Lushene, R., Vagg, P. R., & Jacobs, G. A. (1983). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Tanji, J. (1994). The supplementary motor area in the cerebral cortex. Neuroscience Research, 19(3), 251-268. http://doi.org/10.1016/0168-0102(94)90038-8
Thomas, S. J., Gonsalvez, C. J., & Johnstone, S. J. (2013). Neural time course of threat-related attentional bias and interference in panic and obsessive-compulsive disorders. Biological Psychology, 94(1), 116-129. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.05.012
Thomas, S. J., Gonsalvez, C. J., Johnstone, S.J. (2016). Electrophysiology of facilitation priming in obsessive-compulsive and panic disorders. Clinical Neurophysiology, 127(1), 464-478. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.05.026.
van den Heuvel, O. A., Veltman, D. J., Groenewegen, H. J., Witter, M. P., Merkelbach, J., Cath, D. C., Balkom, A. J. L. M., van Oppen, P., & van Dyck, R. (2005). Disorder-specific neuroanatomical correlates of attentional bias in obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, and hypochondriasis. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(8), 922-933. http://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.62.8.922
Vogel, E. K., & Luck, S. J. (2000). The visual N1 component as an index of a discrimination process. Psychophysiology, 37(2), 190-203.
Wu, D., Deng, H., Xiao, X., Zuo, Y., Sun, J., & Wang, Z. (2017). Persistent Neuronal Activity in Anterior Cingulate Cortex Correlates with Sustained Attention in Rats Regardless of Sensory Modality. Scientific Reports, 7, 43101. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep43101
Yamamuro, K., Ota, T., Nakanishi, Y., Matsuura, H., Okazaki, K., Kishimoto, N., Takahashi, H., Iwasaka, H., Iida, J., & Kishimoto, T. (2015). Event-related potentials in drug-naïve pediatric patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Research. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2015.09.02
Yücel, M., Harrison, B. J., Wood, S. J., Fornito, A., Wellard, R. M., Pujol, J., Clarke, K., Phillips, M. L., Kyrios, M., Velakoulis, D., & Pantelis, C. (2007). Functional and biochemical alterations of the medial frontal cortex in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64(8), 946-955. http://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.64.8.946
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Samara dos Santos Ribeiro, Paulo Roberto Cabral Passos, Marcele Regine de Carvalho
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
