Construction and evidence of validity of the Objective Test of Reaction to Frustration
Keywords:
FrustraçãoAbstract
The aim of this article is to present the process of construction and initial validity evidence of the Brazilian Objective Test of Reaction to Frustation ”“ TRFO. Constructed from a projective version, the instrument consists of 31 situations that pictorially portray different reactions to frustration. Each situation has 11 possible answers, which represent different possibilities of reactions to frustration. The items were constructed from the analysis of free responses of 112 participants. These responses were transformed into phrases that represent each of the 11 possible reactions to frustration. For the validity evidence analysis, based on the internal structure, the TRFO was applied to 1766 participants from different Brazilian states. All the reactions were co-related to each other with low to moderate variations, corroborating the findings in the literature. The data suggest that the TRFO is a promising instrument in the evaluation of reactions to frustration.
Downloads
References
Aldao, A. (2013). The future of emotion regulation research:
Capturing context. Perspectives on Psychological Science,
(2), 155-172. doi:10.1177/1745691612459518
American Educational Research Association, American
Psychological Association & National Council on Measurement
in Education ”“ AERA (2014). Standards for Educational and
Psychological Testing. Washington: AERA.
Anderson, C. A. & Bushman, B. J. (2002). Human aggression.
Annual Review Psychology, 53(1), 27-51. doi:10.1037/0033-
106.1.74
Baron, R. A. & Richardson, D. R. (1994). Human aggression. New
York: Plenun Press. doi:10.1521/jscp.1983.1.2.97
Beghi, E., Spagnoli, P., Airoldi, L., Fiordelli, E., Appollonio, I.,
Bogliun, G., Zardi, A., Paleari, F., Gamba, P., Frattola, L. &
Da Prada, L. (2002). Emotional and affective disturbances in
patients with epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior,3(3), 255-261.
doi:10.1016/S1525-5050(02)00008-2
Berkowitz, L. (1989). The frustration-aggression hypothesis:
Examination and reformulation. Psychological Bulletin,
(1), 59-73. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.106.1.59
Berkowitz, L. (1990). On the formation and regulation of anger
and aggression: A cognitive-neoassociationistic analysis.
American Psychologist, 45(4), 494-503. doi:10.1037/0003-
X.45.4.494
Berkowitz, L. (2001). On the formation and regulation of anger and
aggression: A cognitive-neoassociationistic analysis. Em W. G.
Parrot (Ed.), Emotions in social psychology: Essential readings
(pp. 325-335). New York: MacGraw-Hill. doi:10.1037/0003-
X.45.4.494
Bjerstedt, A. (1965). Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Study. In O.
K. Buros (Ed.), The sixth mental measurements yearbook (pp.
-515). Highland Park, NJ: The Gryphn Press.
Callejon, C. (2013). Impacto emocional nos profissionais que
atuam em funções de risco na atualidade. XXXIV Congresso
Interamericano de Psicologia. Brasil: Brasília.
Cebulak, W. (2001). Fairness, job frustration, and moral dilemmas
in policing that impact police effectiveness. Journal of Police
and criminal Psychology, 16(2), 48-57.
Dill, J. C. & Anderson, C. A. (1995). Effects of frustration
justification on hostile aggression. Aggressive Behaviour,
(5), 359-369. doi:10.1002/1098-2337(1995)21:5<359::AIDAB2480210505>
0.CO;2-6
Dyer, S. J., Abrahams, N., Mokoena, N. E., Lombard, C. J. &
van der Spuy, Z. M. (2005). Psychological distress among
women suffering from couple infertility in South Africa: a
quantitative assessment. Human Reproduction, 20(7), 1938-
doi:10.1093/humrep/deh845
Ferreira, E. O & Capitão, C. G. (2010). Investigação do grau de
tolerância à frustração em presidiários. Aletheia, 31, 91-110.
Formiga, N. S. & Mello, I. (2000). Testes psicológicos e técnicas
projetivas: uma integração para um desenvolvimento da
interação interpretativa indivíduo-psicólogo. Psicologia
Ciência e Profissão, 20(2), 12-19. doi:10.1590/S1414-
Fox, S. & Spector, P. E. (1999). A model of work frustrationaggression.
Journal of Organization Behavior, 20(6), 915-
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199911)20:6<915::AIDJOB918>
0.CO;2-6
Gondim, S. M. G., Pereira, C. R., Hirschle, A. L. T., Palma, E.
M. S., Alberton, G. D., Paranhos, J., Santana, V., & Ribeiro,
W. R. B. (2015). Evidências de validação de uma medida de
características pessoais de regulação das emoções. Psicologia:
Reflexão e Crítica, 28(4), 659-667. doi:10.1590/1678-
201528403
Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (2005).
Análise multivariada de dados. Porto Alegre: Bookman Editora.
Harlos, K. P. (2001). When organizational voice systems fail:
more on the Deaf-Ear Syndrome and frustration effects.
The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 37(3), 324-342.
doi:10.1177/0021886301373005
Krejèí, P., Kvapil, J. & Semrád, J. (1996). The relation between
job satisfaction, job frustration and narcissism and attitudes
towards professional ethical behavior among police officers.
Policing in Central and Eastern Europe: College of Police and
Security Studies, Slovein. Acessado emhttp://www.unojust.org
LaVoie, A. L. (1986). Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Study. In D.J.
Keyser & R.C. Sweetland (Eds.), Test Critiques,14,388-395.
Kansas: Test Corporation of America.
Miguel, F. K. (2014). Mitos e verdades no ensino de técnicas
projetivas. Psico-USF, 19 (1), 97-106. doi:10.1590/S1413-
Moura, C. F. M. (2004). Construção e validação de um teste
de resistência à frustração. (Dissertação de Mestrado).
Universidade de Brasília, Brasília.
Moura, C. F. (2007). Teste Brasileiro de Resistência à Frustração:
uma nova proposta. Trabalho apresentado no VI Congresso
Iberoamericano de Evaluación Psicológica, Ciudad de México.
Moura, C. F. (2008). Reação à frustração: construção e validação da
medida e proposta de um perfil de reação. (Tese de doutorado).
Universidade de Brasília, Brasília.
Moura, C. F. & Pasquali, L. (2006a). Construção de um teste
objetivo de resistência à frustração. Psico-USF, 11(2), 137-146.
Moura, C. F. & Pasquali, L. (2006b). O Teste Brasileiro Projetivo de
resistência à frustração. Trabalho apresentado no IV Congresso
Nacional da Associação Brasileira de Rorschach e Métodos
projetivos, Brasília, DF.
Nick, E. (n.d.). Manual do teste de frustração ”“ Forma para adultos.
(S. Rosenzweig, Trad.) Rio de Janeiro: CEPA. (Trabalho
original sem identificação de data).
Pacico, J. C. & Hutz, C. S. (2015). Validade. Em C.S. Hutz, D.R.
Bandeira & C. M. Trentini (Orgs.). Psicometria (pp. 71-95).
Porto Alegre: Artmed.
Parrek, U. N. (1964). Developmental patterns in reactions to
frustration. Londres: Asia Publishing House.
Pasquali, L. (2010). Testes referentes a construto: Teoria e modelo
de construção. Em L. Pasquali (Org.). Instrumentação
Psicológica: Fundamentos e Práticas (pp. 165 ”“ 198). Porto
Alegre: Artmed.
Pastore, N. (1952). The role of arbitrariness in the frustrationaggression
hypothesis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 47,
-731. doi:10.1037/h0060884
Pinto, E. R. (2014). Conceitos fundamentais dos métodos projetivos.
Ágora 17 (1), 135-153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-
Rauchfle, U. (1971). New possibilities for interpreting Rosenzweig
Picture Frustration Test via use of indices. Psychologie, 30(4),
-311.
Reis, M. S & Faiad, C. (2014). Escala de Instabilidade Emocional
para a Segurança Pública. Psico-USF, 19 (1), 87-96. http://
dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-82712014000100009
Rodriguez, C. (2015). Analog assessment of frustration tolerance:
Association with self-reported child abuse risk and physiological
reactivity. Child abuse & neglect, 46, 121-131.
Rosenzweig, S. (1945). The picture-association method and its
application in a study of reactions to frustration. Journal
of Personality, 14(1), 3-23. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1945.
tb01036.x
Rosenzweig, S. (1963). Validity of the Rosenzweig Picture-
Frustration Study with felons and deliquents. Journal of
Consulting Psychology, 27(6), 535-536. doi:10.1037/h0039628
Rosenzweig, S. (1976). Aggressive behavior and the
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study. Journal of
Clinical Psychology,32(4), 885-891. doi:10.1002/1097-
(197610)32:4<885::AID-JCLP2270320434>3.0.CO;2-R
Rosenzweig, S. (1978a). An investigation of the realiability of the
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) study children’s form.
Journal of Personality Assessment, 42, 483-488. doi:10.1207/
s15327752jpa4205_7
Rosenzweig, S. (1978b). Revised norms for the children’s form of
the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study, with update
P-F reference list. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 17(4),
-328. doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp1704_5
Rosenzweig, S., Ludwig, D. J. & Adelman, S. (1975). Retest
reliability of the Rosenzweig picture-frustration study and
similar semiprojective techniques. Journal of Personality
Assessment, 39,3-12. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa3901_1
Roudinesco, E. & Plon, M. (1944). Dicionário de Psicanálise. Rio
de Janeiro: Jorge Zahar Editor.
Santana, V. S., & Gondim, S. M. G. (2016). Regulação emocional,
bem-estar psicológico e bem-estar subjetivo. Estudos
de Psicologia (Natal), 21(1), 58-68. doi:10.5935/1678-
20160007
Santos, A. P. (2016). The effects of legal judgment on psychological
evaluations in Brazilian Federal Police. Police, 10(2), 113-120.
doi:10.1093/police/pav053
Schaubroeck, J., Jones, J. R. & Xie, J. L. (2001). Individual
Differences in Utilizing Control to Cope With Job Demands:
Effects on Susceptibility to Infectious Disease. Journal of
Applied Psychology, 86(2), 265-278. doi:10.1037/0021-
86.2.265
Shirayama, M., Shirayama, Y., Iida, H., Kato, M., Kajimura,
N., Watanabe, T., Sekimoto, M., Shirakawa, S., Okawa,
M. & Takahashi, K. (2003). The psychological aspects of
patients with delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS). Sleep
Medicine,4(5), 427-433. doi:10.1016/S1389-9457(03)00101-1
Susskind, A. M. (2004). Consumer Frustration in the Customer-
Server Exchange: The Role of Attitudes Toward Complaining
and Information Inadequacy Related to Service Failures.
Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 28(1), 21-43.
doi:10.1177/1096348003257328
Swan, H. F. (1972). Personnel induced frustration.
The Canadian Chartered Accountant, 100(4), 48.
doi:10.1111/j.1754-7121.1971.tb00302.x
Tice, D. M., Bratslavsky, E. & Baumeister, R. F. (2001). Emotional
distress regulation takes precedence over impulse control:
If you feel bad, do it! Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 80(1), 53-67. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.80.1.53
Vasilopoulos, N. L., Cucina, J. M. & Hunter, A. E. (2007). Personality
and training proficiency: issues of bandwidth fidelity and
curvilinearity. Journal of Occupational and Organizational
Psychology, 80(1), 109-131. doi:10.1348/096317906X102114
Yates, D. L & Pilai, V. K. (1992). Frustration and strain among fort
worth police officers. Sociology and Social Research, 76(3),
-149.
