Mishaps in the history of science:
B. F. Skinner and the initial reaction to the Experimental Analysis of Behavior between the 1930’s and the 1940’s
Keywords:
B. F. Skinner, Radical Behaviorism, Behavior Analysis, Experimental Analysis of Behavior, History of PsychologyAbstract
The initial draft of the concept of operant conditioning and of the single-subject experimental design defines the bases of Skinner’s explanatory system. However, these formulations were not immediately welcomed. To enable a closer look on the history of formation of Behavior Analysis, three historical facts were highlighted: (a) the difficulties faced by Skinner at the end of his post-graduate studies; (b) the reaction to his first book, The Behavior of Organisms, and (c) the dispute with other explanatory behaviorial models. The conclusion of the present study is that the history of formation of Behavior Analysis is constituted by determinants of motivational, institutional, emotional and economic nature and by difficulties of going against the dominant methodological trends of North-American Experimental Psychology.
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References
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Skinner, B. F. (1966). The behavior of organisms: An experimental analysis. New York: Appleton-Century. (Trabalho original publicado em 1938).
Skinner, B. F. (1956). A case history in scientific method. The American Psychologist, 11 (5), 221-233.
Skinner, B. F. (1979). The shapping of a behaviorist. New York, Alfred A. Konpf.
Skinner, B. F. (1984). A matter of consequences. New York University Press.
Skinner, B. F. (1987). Antecedents. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 48 (4), 447-493.
Skinner, B. F. (1988). Preface to The Behavior of Organisms. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 50 (2), 355-358.
Spence, K. (1966). Editorial. Hull, C. L. (1966). Principles of behavior: An introduction to behavior theory. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. (Trabalho original publicado em 1943).
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Tolman, E. C. (1967). Purposive behavior in animals and men. New York: The Century. (Trabalho original publicado em 1932)
Tolman, E. C. (1938, November, 14). Unpublished letter to B. F. Skinner. Harvard University Archives, Cambridge, MA.
Winston, A. S., & Blais, D. J. (1996). What counts as an experiment?: A transdisciplinary analysis of textbooks, 1930-1970. American Journal of Psychology, 109, 599-616.
Wixted, J. (2008). JEAB and the Skinnerian interpretation of behavior. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 89 (1), 137-139.
Bjork, D. W. (1993). B.F. Skinner: A life. New York: Sheridan Books.
Carone, I. (2003). A Psicologia tem paradigma? São Paulo: Casa do Psicólogo: FAPESP.
Carrara, K. (2005). Behaviorismo radical: Crítica e metacrítica, (2ª ed.). São Paulo: Editora Unesp.
Catania, A. C. (1988). The behavior of organisms as work in progress. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 50 (2), 277-281.
Catania, A. C. (2008). The Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior at zero, fifty and one hundred. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 89 (1), 111-118.
Chiesa, M. (1994). Radical Behaviorism: The philosophy and the science. Boston: Authors Cooperative.
Coleman, S. R., & Rebeca, S. (1988). Kuhn’s structure of scientific revolutions in the psychological journal literature, 1969-1983: a Descriptive study. The Journal of Mind and Behavior, 4, 415-446.
Dinsmoor, J. A. (1987). A visit to Bloomington: The first conference on the experimental analysis of behavior. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 48 (3), 441-445.
Fleck, L. (1979). Genesis and development of a scientific fact (F. Bradley, & T. J. Trenn, Trans., 2a ed). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Trabalho original publicado em 1935)
Gengerelli, J. A. (1976). Graduate school reminiscences: Hull and Kofka. American Psychologist, 31(10), 685-688.
Hull, C. L. (1966). Principles of behavior: An introduction to behavior theory. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. (Trabalho original publicada em 1943)
Keller, F. S. (1975). On my experience in Brazil. Boletim de Psicologia, 26 (69), 105-110.
Keller, F. S. (2009). At my own pace: The autobiography of Fred S. Keller. New York: Sloan Publishing.
Keller, F. S., & Schoenfeld, W. N. (1949). The psychology curriculum at Columbia College. American Psychologist, 4 (2), 165”“172.
Keller, F. S., & Schoenfeld, W. N. (1950). Principles of psychology: A systematic text in the science of behavior. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Krantz, D. L. (1971). The separate worlds of operant and non-operant psychology. Journal of Applied Behavioral Analysis, 4, 61-70.
Krantz, D. L. (1972). Schools and systems: The mutual isolation of operant and non-operant psychology as a case study. Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 8, 86-102.
Krech, D. (1967). Editorial: Purposive behavior in animals and men. New York: The Century. (Trabalho Original publicado em 1932)
Kuhn, T. S. (2006). A estrutura das revoluções científicas (B. V. Boeira & N. Boeira, Trads., 9a ed.). São Paulo: Perspectiva. (Trabalho original publicado em 1962)
Kuhn, T. S. (2006). O Caminho desde a Estrutura. São Paulo: SP. Editora UNESP.
Laties, V. G. (1987). Society for the experimental analysis of behavior: The first thirty years (1957 ”“ 1987). Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 48 (3), 495-512.
Laurenti, C. (2008). O materialismo-com-mente de Clark Hull (1884-1952). In W. C. M. P. S. (Ed.), Sobre comportamento e cognição: Vol.2 (pp. 35-44). Santo André: ESETec.
Lopes, C. E. (2008) Uma matriz de influências como instrumento de análise da obra de E. C. Tolman. Psicologia em Pesquisa, 2 (2), 14-22.
Marx, M. H., & Hillix, W. A. (1963). Systems and theories in psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Matos, M. A. (1996). Contingências para a análise comportamental no Brasil. Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, 12 (2), 107-111.
Michael, J. (1993). A brief overview of the history of Western Michigan University’s behavioral programs. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 26 (4), 587-588.
Miranda, R. L., & Cirino, S. D. (2010). Os primeiros anos dos laboratórios de análise do comportamento no Brasil. Psychologia Latina, 1 (1), 79-87.
Rubin, H. B., & Cuvo, A. J. (1993). The behavior analysis and therapy program at Southern Illinois University at Carbondale. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 26 (4), 583-586.
Rutherford, A. (2009). Beyond the box: BF Skinner’s technology of behavior from laboratory to life, 1950s-1970s. University of Toronto Press.
Schlimm, D. (2009). Learning from the existence of models. On psychic machines, tortoises, and computer simulations. Synthese, 169 (3), 521-538.
Schoenfeld, W. N. (1987). Reminiscences, you say? Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 48 (3), 464-468.
Skinner, B. F. (1935). The generic nature of the concepts of stimulus and response. Journal of General Psychology, 12, 40-65.
Skinner, B. F. (1937). Two types of conditioned reflex: A reply to Konorski and Miller. Journal of General Psychology, 14, 279-295.
Skinner, B. F. (1966). The behavior of organisms: An experimental analysis. New York: Appleton-Century. (Trabalho original publicado em 1938).
Skinner, B. F. (1956). A case history in scientific method. The American Psychologist, 11 (5), 221-233.
Skinner, B. F. (1979). The shapping of a behaviorist. New York, Alfred A. Konpf.
Skinner, B. F. (1984). A matter of consequences. New York University Press.
Skinner, B. F. (1987). Antecedents. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 48 (4), 447-493.
Skinner, B. F. (1988). Preface to The Behavior of Organisms. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 50 (2), 355-358.
Spence, K. (1966). Editorial. Hull, C. L. (1966). Principles of behavior: An introduction to behavior theory. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. (Trabalho original publicado em 1943).
Todorov, J. C. (2008). Uma revisão de revisões por ocasião dos 70 anos de O Comportamento dos Organismos de B. F. Skinner. Revista Brasileira de Análise do Comportamento, 4 (1), 1-7.
Tolman, E. C. (1967). Purposive behavior in animals and men. New York: The Century. (Trabalho original publicado em 1932)
Tolman, E. C. (1938, November, 14). Unpublished letter to B. F. Skinner. Harvard University Archives, Cambridge, MA.
Winston, A. S., & Blais, D. J. (1996). What counts as an experiment?: A transdisciplinary analysis of textbooks, 1930-1970. American Journal of Psychology, 109, 599-616.
Wixted, J. (2008). JEAB and the Skinnerian interpretation of behavior. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 89 (1), 137-139.
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Published
2011-12-13
How to Cite
Cruz, R. N. da. (2011). Mishaps in the history of science:: B. F. Skinner and the initial reaction to the Experimental Analysis of Behavior between the 1930’s and the 1940’s. Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 27(4), 545–554. Retrieved from https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/revistaptp/article/view/18343
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