The Factor Structure of the Test of Children’s Figural Creativity
Keywords:
Creativity, Children, Factor analysis, Drawing, AssessmentAbstract
This paper aims to investigate the validity evidence of the Test of Figural Creativity for Children. Factor analysis was performed for a better understanding of the 12 characteristics of creativity assessed by the instrument (Fluency, Flexibility, Elaboration, Originality, Expression of Emotion, Uncommon Perspective, Internal Perspective, Fantasy, Movement, Use of Context, Extension of Boundaries and Expressive Titles). The instrument was administered to students from 1st to 8th grades of elementary school (n=1253, 599 females and 654 males). Factor analysis indicated a structure consisting of four factors (cognitive aspects, enrichment of ideas, cognitive aspects, emotional and creative preparation) which was adopted as a model for interpretation of the instrument considering its consistency with the scientific literature.
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References
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Watkis, M. W. (2006). Determining parallel analysis criteria. Journal of Modern Statistical Methods, 5 (2), 344-346.
Wechsler, S. M. (2004). Avaliação da criatividade por figuras e palavras: testes de Torrance ”“ versão brasileira. (2ª ed. revisada). Campinas: Lamp / Impressão Digital do Brasil.
Chase, C. I. (1985). Review of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. In J. V. Mitchell Jr. (Ed.), The ninth mental measurements yearbook (pp. 1631-1632). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
Chen, S. A., & Michael, W. B. (1993). First-order and higher-order factors of creative social intelligence within Guilford’s structure of intellect model: a reanalysis of a Guilford data-base. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 53, 619-641.
Clapham, M. M. (1998). Structure of figural forms A and B of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 58, 275-283.
Enzmann, D. (1997). RanEigen: a program to determine the parallel analysis criterion for the number of principal components. Applied Psychological Measurement, 21, 232-232.
Field, A. (2009). Descobrindo a estatística usando SPSS. Porto Alegre: Artmed.
Goodwin, L. D., & Leech G. N. (2006). Understanding correlation: factors that affect the size of r. The Journal of Experimental Education, 74, 251”“266.
Guilford, J. P. (1960). The structure of the intellect model: its use and implications. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Heausler, N. L., & Thompson, B. (1988). Structure of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 48, 463-468.
Kim, K. H. (2006). Is creativity unidimensional or multidimensional? Analyses of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. Creativity Research Journal, 18, 251-259.
Kim, K. H., Cramond, B., & Bandalos, D. L. (2006). The latent structure and measurement invariance of scores on the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking”“Figural. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66, 459-477.
Kirton, M. J. (1976). Adaptors and innovators: A description and measure. Journal of Applied Psychology, 61, 622-629.
Marroco, J. (2003). Análise estatística com utilização do SPSS. Lisboa, Pt: Sílabo.
Moraes, M. F., & Azevedo, I. (2009). Avaliação da criatividade como um contexto delicado: revisão de metodologias e problemáticas. Avaliação Psicológica, 8 (1), 1-15.
Nakano, T. C. (2003). Criatividade Figural: proposta de um instrumento de avaliação. Dissertação de Mestrado, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas. Campinas, S.P.
Nakano, T. C., & Wechsler, S. M. (2006a). Teste Brasileiro de Criatividade Figural: Proposta de instrumento. Revista Interamericana de Psicologia, 40, 103-110.
Nakano, T. C., & Wechsler, S. M. (2006b). Teste Brasileiro de Criatividade Figural: Proposta de normas. Avaliação Psicológica, 5, 159-170.
Nakano, T. C., Wechsler, S. M. & Primi, R. (2011). Teste de Criatividade Figural Infantil: Manual técnico. São Paulo: Editora Vetor.
Plass, H., Michael, J. J., & Michael, W.B. (1974). The factorial validity of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking for a sample of 111 sixth-grade children. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 34, 413-414.
Reise, S. P., Waller, N. G., & Comrey, A. L. (2000). Factor analysis and scale revision. Psychological Assessment, 12, 287-297
Runco, M. A., & Mraz, W. (1992). Scoring divergent thinking tests using total ideational output and a creativity index. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 52, 213-221.
Sternberg, R. J. & Grigorenko, E. L. (2001). Guilford’s structure of intellect model and model of creativity: contributions and limitations. Creativity Research Journal, 13, 309-316.
Stevens, J. P. (1992). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (1996). Using multivariate statistics. New York: HarperCollins.
Torrance, E. P. (1966). Torrance tests of creative thinking. Lexington: Personnel Press.
Torrance, E. P., & Ball, O. E. (1978). Streamlined scoring and norms for figural form A and B. Athens: Georgia Studies of Creative Behavior.
Torrance, E. P., & Ball, O. E. (1990). Streamlined scoring and interpretation guide and norms manual verbal and figural form B. Bensenville: Scholastic Testing Service.
Torrance, E. P., & Safter, H. T. (1999). Making the creative leap beyond. Buffalo, NY: Creative Education Foundation.
Watkis, M. W. (2006). Determining parallel analysis criteria. Journal of Modern Statistical Methods, 5 (2), 344-346.
Wechsler, S. M. (2004). Avaliação da criatividade por figuras e palavras: testes de Torrance ”“ versão brasileira. (2ª ed. revisada). Campinas: Lamp / Impressão Digital do Brasil.
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Published
2012-10-01
How to Cite
Nakano, T. de C., & Primi, R. (2012). The Factor Structure of the Test of Children’s Figural Creativity. Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 28(3), 275–283. Retrieved from https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/revistaptp/article/view/18161
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Estudos Empíricos
