Temperament and Character in Response to Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Panic Disorder
Keywords:
Panic disorder, Character, Personality, Cognitive-behavioral therapy, Psychotherapeutic techniquesAbstract
This study investigated the impact of temperament and character traits on the response to cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) of patients with panic disorder (PD). A total of 55 patients underwent 12 sessions of CBT in group (CBGT). Symptom severity was assessed before and after the intervention and the Cloninger’s Temperament and Character Inventory was applied before CBGT. A significant reduction in the severity of the PD severity of the patients after the intervention was observed. Regression analysis indicated that characteristics of temperament (persistence) and character (self-directedness and cooperativeness) were not significantly related to the improvement of agoraphobia and depression, leaving the initial severity of these symptoms as independent factors of response to CBGT.
Downloads
References
Amorim, P. (2000). Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI): Validation of a short structured diagnostic psychiatric interview. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 22, 106-155.
Bienvenu, O. J., Stein, M. B., Samuels, J. F., Onyike, C. U., Eaton, W. W., & Nestadt, G. (2009). Personality disorder traits as predictors of subsequent first-onset panic disorder or agoraphobia. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 50(3), 209-214. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2008.08.006
Bulik, C. M., Sullivan, P. F., Carter, F. A., McIntosh, V. V., & Joyce,
P. R. (1999). Predictors of rapid and sustained response to
cognitive-behavioral therapy for bulimia nervosa. International
Journal of Eating Disorders, 26(2), 137-144.
Chavira, D. A., Stein, M. B., Golinelli, D., Sherbourne, C. D., Craske,
M. G., Sullivan, G., ... Roy-Byrne, P. P. (2009). Predictors of
clinical improvement in a randomized effectiveness trial for
primary care patients with panic disorder. The Journal of
Nervous and Mental Disease, 197(10), 715-721. doi: 10.1097/
NMD.0b013e3181b97d4d
Cloninger, C. R., Svrakic, D. M., & Przybeck, T. R. (1993).
A psychobiological model of temperament and character.
Archives of General Psychiatry, 50(12), 975-990.
Cloninger, C. R., Zohar, A. H., Hirschmann, S., & Dahan, D. (2012).
The psychological costs and benefits of being highly persistent:
Personality profiles distinguish mood disorders from anxiety
disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders, 136(3), 758-766. doi:
1016/j.jad.2011.09.046
Corchs, F., Corregiari, F., Ferrao, Y. A., Takakura, T., Mathis, M.
E., Lopes, A. C., ... Bernik, M. (2008). Personality traits and
treatment outcome in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Revista
Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 30(3), 246-250.
Fuentes, D., Tavares, H., Camargo, C. H. P., & Gorenstein, C.
(2000). Inventário de Temperamento e de Caráter de Cloninger
- Validação da Versão em Português. In C. Gorenstein, L. H.
S. G. Andrade, & A. W. Zuardi (Eds.), Escalas de avaliação
clínica em psiquiatria e psicofarmacologia (pp. 363-369).
São Paulo: Lemos.
Gorenstein, C., & Andrade, L. H. (1998). Inventário de Depressão
de Beck: Propriedades psicométricas da versão em português.
Revista de Psiquiatria Clínica, 25, 245-250.
Guy, W. (1979). CGI: Clinical Global Impressions. In W. Guy
(Ed.), ECDEU Assessment manual for psychopharmacology
(pp. 217-222). Rockville, MD, U.S. Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare.
Hamilton, M. (1959). The assessment of anxiety states by rating.
British Journal of Medical Psychology, 32(1), 50-55.
Heldt, E., Gus Manfro, G., Kipper, L., Blaya, C., Isolan, L., &
Otto, M. W. (2006). One-year follow-up of pharmacotherapyresistant
patients with panic disorder treated with cognitivebehavior
therapy: Outcome and predictors of remission.
Behaviour Research Therapy, 44(5), 657-665. doi: 10.1016/j.
brat.2005.05.003
Heldt, E., Kipper, L., Blaya, C., Salum, G. A., Hirakata, V. N.,
Otto, M. W., & Manfro, G. G. (2011). Predictors of relapse in
the second follow-up year post cognitive-behavior therapy for
panic disorder. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 33(1), 23-29.
Heldt, E., Manfro, G. G., Kipper, L., Blaya, C., Maltz, S., Isolan,
L., ... Otto, M. W. (2003). Treating medication-resistant
panic disorder: predictors and outcome of cognitive-behavior
therapy in a Brazilian public hospital. Psychotherapy and
Psychosomatics, 72(1), 43-48. doi: 67188
Joyce, P. R., McKenzie, J. M., Carter, J. D., Rae, A. M., Luty, S.
E., Frampton, C. M., & Mulder, R. T. (2007). Temperament,
character and personality disorders as predictors of response to
interpersonal psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioural therapy
for depression. British Journal of Psychiatry, 190, 503-508.
doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.106.024737
Kipper, L., Wachleski, C., Salum, G. A., Heldt, E., Blaya, C., &
Manfro, G. G. (2009). Can psychopharmacological treatment
change personality traits in patients with panic disorder?
Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 31(4), 307-313.
Latas, M., & Milovanovic, S. (2014). Personality disorders
and anxiety disorders: What is the relationship? Current
Opinion of Psychiatry, 27(1), 57-61. doi: 10.1097/
YCO.0000000000000025
Marchesi, C., Cantoni, A., Fonto, S., Giannelli, M. R., & Maggini,
C. (2006). The effect of temperament and character on
response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in panic
disorder. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 114(3), 203-210.
doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00772.x
Marchesi, C., De Panfilis, C., Cantoni, A., Giannelli, M.
R., & Maggini, C. (2008). Effect of pharmacological
treatment on temperament and character in panic disorder.
Psychiatry Research, 158(2), 147-154. doi: 10.1016/j.
psychres.2006.08.009
Mendoza, L., Navines, R., Crippa, J. A., Fagundo, A. B., Gutierrez,
F., Nardi, A. E., ... Martin-Santos, R. (2011). Depersonalization
and personality in panic disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry,
(4), 413-419. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.09.002
Mitte, K. (2005). A meta-analysis of the efficacy of psychoand
pharmacotherapy in panic disorder with and without
agoraphobia. Journal of Affective Disorders, 88(1), 27-45. doi:
1016/j.jad.2005.05.003
Otto, M. W., & Deckersbach, T. (1998). Cognitive behavioral
therapy for panic disorder. In J. R. Rosenbaum & M. H. Pollack
(Eds.), Panic disorder and its treatment (pp. 181-203). New
York: Marcel Decker.
Otto, M. W., & Deveney, C. (2005). Cognitive-behavioral therapy
and the treatment of panic disorder: Efficacy and strategies.
Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 66 Suppl 4, 28-32.
Pollack, M. H. (2005). The pharmacotherapy of panic disorder.
Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 66 Suppl 4, 23-27.
Prasko, J., Houbova, P., Novak, T., Zalesky, R., Espa-Cervena, K.,
Paskova, B., & Vyskocilova, J. (2005). Influence of personality
disorder on the treatment of panic disorder--comparison study.
Neuro Endocrinology Letters, 26(6), 667-674.
Rettew, D. C., Doyle, A. C., Kwan, M., Stanger, C., & Hudziak, J.
J. (2006). Exploring the boundary between temperament and
generalized anxiety disorder: a receiver operating characteristic
analysis. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 20(7), 931-945. doi:
1016/j.janxdis.2006.02.002
Skodol, A. E., Geier, T., Grant, B. F., & Hasin, D. S. (2014).
Personality disorders and the persistence of anxiety disorders
in a nationally representative sample. Depression and Anxiety,
(9), 721-728. doi: 10.1002/da.22287
Telch, M. J., Kamphuis, J. H., & Schmidt, N. B. (2011). The effects
of comorbid personality disorders on cognitive behavioral
treatment for panic disorder. Journal Psychiatric Research,
(4), 469-474. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.08.008
Wachleski, C., Salum, G. A., Blaya, C., Kipper, L., Paludo, A.,
Salgado, A. P., & Manfro, G. G. (2008). Harm avoidance and
self-directedness as essential features of panic disorder patients.
Comprehensive Psychiatry, 49(5), 476-481. doi: 10.1016/j.
comppsych.2008.03.003
