Assertiveness and Self-Control:
A Behavior-Analytic Interpretation
Abstract
Issues related to assertiveness have been investigated by behavior therapists for over three decades. It is more recent, however, the effort made by behavior-analytic therapists to examine such issues with the same conceptual and methodological tools employed by their colleagues in basic and conceptual research. This study aims to provide a behavior-analytic interpretation of assertive, aggressive and passive behavior patterns. We recovered some definitions of assertiveness/aggressiveness/passiveness and then examined the corresponding phenomena as behavioral relations, discussed some aspects of the behavior-analytic approach of self-control, and suggested that behavioral relations defined as assertiveness/aggressiveness/passiveness may be interpreted as instances of self-control or impulsiveness. Such approach may give rise to new directions in clinical research of social skills from a behavior-analytic standpoint.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Alberti, R. E. (1977). Comments on “Differentiating assertion and aggression: Some behavioral guidelines”. Behavior Therapy, 8, 353-354.
Alberti, R. E., & Emmons, M. L. (1978). Comportamento assertivo: um guia de auto-expressão (2ª ed.) (J. M. Corrêa, Trad.). Belo Horizonte: Interlivros. (Trabalho original publicado em 1970)
Arrindel, W. A., Sanderman, R., Van Der Molen, H., Van Der Ende, J., & Mersch, P. P. (1988). The structure of assertiveness: A confirmatory approach. Behavior Research and Therapy, 26, 337-339.
Chan, D. W. (1993). Components of assertiveness: Their relationships with assertive rights and depressed mood among Chinese college students in Hong Kong. Behavioral Research Therapy, 31, 529-538.
Eisler, R. M., Hersen, M., & Miller, P. M. (1973). Effects of modeling on components of assertive behavior. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 4, 1-6.
Epstein, N. (1980). Social consequences of assertion, aggression, passive aggression, and submission: Situational and dispositional determinants. Behavior Therapy, 11, 662-669.
Falcone, E. O. (2001). Uma proposta de um sistema de classificação das habilidades sociais. Em H. J. Guilhardi, M. B. B. P. Madi, P. P. Queiroz & M. C. Scoz (Orgs.), Sobre comportamento e cognição ”“ Vol 8: expondo a variabilidade (pp. 195-209). Santo André: ESETec.
Furnham, A. (1979). Assertiveness in three cultures: Multidimensionality and cultural differences. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 35, 522-527.
Hanna, E. S., & Todorov, J. C. (2002). Modelos de autocontrole na análise experimental do comportamento: utilidade e crítica. Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, 18, 337-343.
Heimberg, R. G., Montgomery, D., Madsen, C. H., Jr., & Heimberg, J. S. (1977). Assertion training: A review of literature. Behavior Therapy, 8, 953-971.
Hull, D. B., & Schroeder, H. E. (1979). Some interpersonal effects of assertion, nonassertion and aggression. Behavior Therapy, 10, 20-28.
Kazdin, A. E. (1974). Effects of covert modeling and model reinforcement on assertive behavior. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 83, 240-252.
Kelly, J. A., Kern, J. M., Kirkley, B. G., Paterson, J. N., & Keane, T. M. (1980). Reactions to assertive versus unassertive behavior: Differential effects for males and females and implications for assertiveness training. Behavior Therapy, 11, 670-682.
Lazarus, A. A. (1980). Psicoterapia personalista: uma visão além dos princípios do condicionamento. Belo Horizonte: Interlivros. (Trabalho original publicado em 1971)
Lewis, P. N., & Gallois, C. (1984). Disagreements, refusals, or negative feelings: Perception of negatively assertive messages from friends and strangers. Behavior Therapy, 15, 353-368.
Lorr, M., & More, W. W. (1980). Four dimensions of assertiveness. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 2, 127-138.
Marchezini-Cunha, V. (2004). Assertividade e autocontrole: possíveis relações. Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém.
Martinez, A. (1997). Assertividade: Definição operacional e análise de exemplos oferecidos por terapeutas. Dissertação de Mestrado, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, Campinas.
McFall, R. M., & Lillesand, D. B. (1971). Behavior rehearsal with modeling and coaching in assertion training. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 77, 313-323.
Nico, Y. C. (2001). A contribuição de B. F. Skinner para o ensino do autocontrole como objetivo da educação. Dissertação de Mestrado, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, São Paulo.
Pitcher, S. W., & Meickle, S. (1980). The topography of assertive behavior in positive and negative situations. Behavior Therapy, 11, 532-547.
Rachlin, H. (1991). Self Control. Em H. Rachlin (Ed.), Introduction to modern behaviorism (3a. ed.) (pp. 264-286). New York: Freeman.
Rich, A. R. & Schroeder, H. E. (1976). Research issues in assertiveness training. Psychological Bulletin, 83, 1081-1096.
Schroeder, H. E., Rakos, R. F., & Moe, J. (1983). The social perception of assertive behavior as a function of response class and gender. Behavior Therapy, 14, 534-544.
Schwartz, R. M., & Gottman, J. M. (1976). Toward a task analysis of assertive behavior. Journal of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, 44, 910-920.
Skinner, B. F. (2000). Ciência e comportamento humano (J. C. Todorov e R. Azzi, Trad.). São Paulo: Martins Fontes. (Trabalho original publicado em 1953)
Skinner, B. F. (2003). The technology of teaching. Acton: Copley. (Trabalho original publicado em 1968)
Tourinho, E. Z. (2009). Subjetividade e relações comportamentais. São Paulo: Paradigma.
Wolpe, J. (1980). Prática da terapia comportamental (3ª ed.) (W. G. Clark Jr, Trad.). São Paulo: Brasiliense (Trabalho original publicado em 1973)
Zollo, L. J., Heimberg, R. G., & Becker, R. E. (1985). Evaluations and consequences of assertive behavior. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 16, 295-301.
Alberti, R. E., & Emmons, M. L. (1978). Comportamento assertivo: um guia de auto-expressão (2ª ed.) (J. M. Corrêa, Trad.). Belo Horizonte: Interlivros. (Trabalho original publicado em 1970)
Arrindel, W. A., Sanderman, R., Van Der Molen, H., Van Der Ende, J., & Mersch, P. P. (1988). The structure of assertiveness: A confirmatory approach. Behavior Research and Therapy, 26, 337-339.
Chan, D. W. (1993). Components of assertiveness: Their relationships with assertive rights and depressed mood among Chinese college students in Hong Kong. Behavioral Research Therapy, 31, 529-538.
Eisler, R. M., Hersen, M., & Miller, P. M. (1973). Effects of modeling on components of assertive behavior. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 4, 1-6.
Epstein, N. (1980). Social consequences of assertion, aggression, passive aggression, and submission: Situational and dispositional determinants. Behavior Therapy, 11, 662-669.
Falcone, E. O. (2001). Uma proposta de um sistema de classificação das habilidades sociais. Em H. J. Guilhardi, M. B. B. P. Madi, P. P. Queiroz & M. C. Scoz (Orgs.), Sobre comportamento e cognição ”“ Vol 8: expondo a variabilidade (pp. 195-209). Santo André: ESETec.
Furnham, A. (1979). Assertiveness in three cultures: Multidimensionality and cultural differences. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 35, 522-527.
Hanna, E. S., & Todorov, J. C. (2002). Modelos de autocontrole na análise experimental do comportamento: utilidade e crítica. Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, 18, 337-343.
Heimberg, R. G., Montgomery, D., Madsen, C. H., Jr., & Heimberg, J. S. (1977). Assertion training: A review of literature. Behavior Therapy, 8, 953-971.
Hull, D. B., & Schroeder, H. E. (1979). Some interpersonal effects of assertion, nonassertion and aggression. Behavior Therapy, 10, 20-28.
Kazdin, A. E. (1974). Effects of covert modeling and model reinforcement on assertive behavior. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 83, 240-252.
Kelly, J. A., Kern, J. M., Kirkley, B. G., Paterson, J. N., & Keane, T. M. (1980). Reactions to assertive versus unassertive behavior: Differential effects for males and females and implications for assertiveness training. Behavior Therapy, 11, 670-682.
Lazarus, A. A. (1980). Psicoterapia personalista: uma visão além dos princípios do condicionamento. Belo Horizonte: Interlivros. (Trabalho original publicado em 1971)
Lewis, P. N., & Gallois, C. (1984). Disagreements, refusals, or negative feelings: Perception of negatively assertive messages from friends and strangers. Behavior Therapy, 15, 353-368.
Lorr, M., & More, W. W. (1980). Four dimensions of assertiveness. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 2, 127-138.
Marchezini-Cunha, V. (2004). Assertividade e autocontrole: possíveis relações. Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém.
Martinez, A. (1997). Assertividade: Definição operacional e análise de exemplos oferecidos por terapeutas. Dissertação de Mestrado, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, Campinas.
McFall, R. M., & Lillesand, D. B. (1971). Behavior rehearsal with modeling and coaching in assertion training. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 77, 313-323.
Nico, Y. C. (2001). A contribuição de B. F. Skinner para o ensino do autocontrole como objetivo da educação. Dissertação de Mestrado, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, São Paulo.
Pitcher, S. W., & Meickle, S. (1980). The topography of assertive behavior in positive and negative situations. Behavior Therapy, 11, 532-547.
Rachlin, H. (1991). Self Control. Em H. Rachlin (Ed.), Introduction to modern behaviorism (3a. ed.) (pp. 264-286). New York: Freeman.
Rich, A. R. & Schroeder, H. E. (1976). Research issues in assertiveness training. Psychological Bulletin, 83, 1081-1096.
Schroeder, H. E., Rakos, R. F., & Moe, J. (1983). The social perception of assertive behavior as a function of response class and gender. Behavior Therapy, 14, 534-544.
Schwartz, R. M., & Gottman, J. M. (1976). Toward a task analysis of assertive behavior. Journal of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, 44, 910-920.
Skinner, B. F. (2000). Ciência e comportamento humano (J. C. Todorov e R. Azzi, Trad.). São Paulo: Martins Fontes. (Trabalho original publicado em 1953)
Skinner, B. F. (2003). The technology of teaching. Acton: Copley. (Trabalho original publicado em 1968)
Tourinho, E. Z. (2009). Subjetividade e relações comportamentais. São Paulo: Paradigma.
Wolpe, J. (1980). Prática da terapia comportamental (3ª ed.) (W. G. Clark Jr, Trad.). São Paulo: Brasiliense (Trabalho original publicado em 1973)
Zollo, L. J., Heimberg, R. G., & Becker, R. E. (1985). Evaluations and consequences of assertive behavior. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 16, 295-301.
Downloads
Published
2010-07-30
How to Cite
Marchezini-Cunha, V., & Zagury Tourinho, E. (2010). Assertiveness and Self-Control:: A Behavior-Analytic Interpretation. Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 26(2), 295–304. Retrieved from https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/revistaptp/article/view/17818
Issue
Section
Revisão da Literatura
