Behavior of School Children Stratified by Birth Weight and Gestational Age
Keywords:
Birth weight, Gestational age, Behavior, Cohort studiesAbstract
Weight and gestational age are relevant criteria for assessing the conditions of childbirth. The goal of the
present study was to characterize and compare the behavior of a cohort of children stratified by two criteria: birth weight and
birth weight in relation to the gestational age. At the ages of 10 and 11 years, 677 children were evaluated by the Strengths
and Difficulties Questionnaire. The following statistically significant differences were observed: the low weight group had
more emotional symptoms than the normal weight group; the very low weight group had more hyperactivity compared to other
groups; and the small in relation to the gestational age group had more difficulties with respect to the total score and emotional
symptoms in relation the other groups. It was concluded that the stratification by two criteria allowed the identification of
specific difficulties in behavioral performance.
Downloads
References
Aarnoudse-Moens, C. S. H., Weisglas-Kuperus, N., Goudoever,
J. B. V., & van Osterlaan, J. (2009). Meta-analysis of
neurobehavioral outcomes in very preterm and/or very low
birth weigth children. Pediatrics, 124(2), 717-728.
Alexander, G. R., Himes, J. H., Kaufman, R. B., Mor, J., & Kogan,
M. (1996). A United States national reference for fetal growth.
Obstetric Gynecoly, 87(2), 163-168.
Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisa ”“ ABEP (2008).
Questionário de Classificação Socioeconômico: 2008.
Retrieved from http://www.abep.org/novo/CMS/Utils/
FileGenerate.ashx?id=22
Aylward, G. P. (2002). Methodological issues in outcome studies of
at-risk infants. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 27(1), 37-45.
Bhutta, A. T., Cleves, M. A., Casey, P. H., Cradock, M. M., & Anand,
K. J. (2002). Cognitive and behavioral outcomes of school-aged
children who were born preterm: A meta-analysis. Journal of
American Medical Association, 288(6), 728-737.
Cardoso, V. C., Simões, V. M. F., Barbieri, M. A., Silva, A. A. M.,
Bettiol, H., Alves, M. T. S. S. B., & Goldani, M. Z. (2007).
Profile of three Brazilian birth cohort studies in Ribeirão
Preto, SP and São Luís, MA. Brazilian Journal of Medical and
Biological Research, 40(9), 1165-1176.
Casey, P. H., Whiteside-Mansell, L., Barret, K., Bradley, R. H., &
Gargus, R. (2006). Impact of prenatal and/or postnatal growth
problems in low birth weight preterm infants on school-age
outcomes: An 8-year longitudinal evaluation. Pediatrics,
(3), 1078-1086.
Conrad, A. L., Richman, L., Lindgren, S., & Nopoulos, P. (2009).
Biological and environmental predictors of behavioral sequelae
in children born preterm. Pediatrics, 125, 83-89.
Dahl, L. B., Kaaresen, P. I., Tunby, J., Handegard, B. H., Kvernmo,
S., & Ronning, J. A. (2006). Emotional, behavioral, social, and
academic outcomes in adolescents born with very low birth
weight, Pediatrics, 118, 449-460.
Elgen, I., Sommerfelt, K., & Ellertsen, B. (2003). Cognitive
performance in a low birth weight cohort at 5 and 11 years of
age. Pediatric Neurology, 29(2), 111-116.
Espírito Santo, J. L., Portuguez, M. W., & Nunes, M. L. (2009).
Cognitive and behavioral status of low birth weigth preterm
children raised in a developing country at preschool age.
Journal of Pediatrics, 85(1), 35-41.
Fleitlich, B., Córtazar, P. G., & Goodman, R. (2000). Questionário
de Capacidades e Dificuldades (SDQ). Infanto-Revista de
Neuropsiquiatria da Infância e Adolescência, 8(1), 44-50.
Ferraz, T. R., & Neves, E. T. (2011). Fatores de risco para baixo peso
ao nascer em maternidades públicas: um estudo transversal.
Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem, 32(1), 86-92.
Gallo, E. A. G., Anselmi, L., Dumith, S. C., Scazufca, M., Menenzes,
A. M. B., Hallal, P. C., & Matijasevich, A. (2011). Tamanho
ao nascer e problemas de saúde mental aos 11 anos em uma
coorte brasileira de nascimentos. Cadernos de Saúde Pública,
(8), 1622-1632.
Goodman, R. (1997). The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire:
A research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,
(5), 581-586.
Goodman, R. (2001). Psychometric properties of Strengths
and Difficulties Questionnaire. Journal of American Child
Adolescent Psychiatric, 40(11), 1337-1345.
Hack, M., Youngstrom, E. A., Cartar, L., Schluchter, M., Taylor,
H.G., Flannery, D., . . . Borawski, E. (2004). Behavioral
outcomes and evidence of psychopathology among very low
birth weight infants at age 20 years. Pediatrics, 114, 932-940.
Hayes, B., & Sharif, F. (2009). Behavioural and emotional outcome
of very low birth weight infants: Literature review. Journal
of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 22(10), 849-956.
Johnson, S. (2007). Cognitive and behavioural outcomes following
very preterm birth. Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Service,
, 363-373.
Linhares, M. B. M., Bordin, M. B. M., & Carvalho, A. E. V.
(2004). Aspectos do desenvolvimento psicológico da criança
ex-prematura na fase escolar. In E. Marturano, M. B. M.
Linhares & S. R. Loureiro (Eds.), Vulnerabilidade e proteção:
indicadores na trajetória de desenvolvimento escolar (pp. 75-
. São Paulo: Casa do Psicólogo.
Martins, I. M. B., Linhares, M. B. M., & Martinez, F. E. (2005).
Indicadores de desenvolvimento na fase pré-escolar de crianças
nascidas pré-termo. Psicologia em Estudo, 10(2), 235-243.
Marturano, E. M., & Loureiro, S. R. (2003). O desenvolvimento
socioemocional e as queixas escolares. In A. Del Prette & Z.
A. Del Prette (Eds.), Habilidades sociais, desenvolvimento e
aprendizagem. Questões conceituais, avaliação e intervenção
(pp. 259-292). Campinas: Alínea.
Masten, A. S., & Gewirtz, A. H. (2006). Vulnerability and Resilience
in Early Child Development. In K. McCartney, D. Phillips
(Eds.), Blackwell Handbook of Early Childhood Development
(pp. 22-43). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
Ment, L. R., Vohr, B., Allan, W., Katz, K. H., Schneider, K. H.,
Westerved, M., . . . Makuch, R. W. (2003). Change in cognitive
function over time in very low birth weight infants. Journal of
American Medical Association, 289(6), 705-711.
Milligan, D. W. A. (2010). Outcomes of children born very preterm
in Europe. Archives of Diseases Child Fetal Neonatal, 95(4),
-240.
Msall, M. E., & Park, J. J. (2008). The spectrum of behavioral
outcomes after extreme prematurity: Regulatory, attention,
social, and adaptive dimensions. Seminars of Perinatology,
, 42-50.
Oliveira, C. G. T., Enumo, S. R. F., Azevedo Jr., R. R., &
Queiroz, S. S. (2011). Indicadores cognitivos, linguísticos,
comportamentais e acadêmicos de pré-escolares nascidos prétermo
e a termo. Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, 27(3), 73-80.
Organização Mundial da Saúde ”“ OMS (1994). CID-10:
classificação estatística internacional de doenças e problemas
relacionados à saúde. São Paulo: EDUSP.
Reijneveld, S. A., Kleine, M. J. K., van Baar, A. L., Kollée, L. A.
A., Verhaak, C.M., Verhulst, F. C., & Verloove-Vanhorick, S. P.
(2006). Behavioural and emotional problems in very preterm
and very low birthweight infants at age 5 years. Archives of
Disease in Childhood. Fetal & Neonatal Edition, 91, 423-428.
Rodrigues, M. C. C., Mello, R. R., & Fonseca, S. C. (2006). Learning
difficulties in schoolchildren born with very low birth weight.
Jornal de Pediatria, 82(1), 6-14.
Sabet, F., Richter, L. M., Ramchandani, P. G., Stein, A., Quigley,
M. A., & Norris, S. A. (2009). Low birthweight and subsequent
emotional and behavioural outcomes in 12-year-old children
in Soweto, South Africa: Findings from birth to twenty.
International Journal of Epidemiology, 38, 944-954.
Saigal, S. (2000). Follow up of very low birthweight babies to
adolescence. Seminars in Neonatology, 5, 107-118.
Sameroff, A. J., & Fiese, B. H. (2005). Models of development
and developmental risk. In C. H. Zeanah Jr (Ed.), Handbook
of infant mental health (2a ed., pp. 3-19). Nova Iorque: The
Guilford Press.
Scott, M. N., Taylor, H. G., Fristad, M. A., Klein, N., Espy, K.
A., Minich, N., & Hack, M. (2012). Behavior disorders in
extremely preterm/extremely low birth weight in kindergarten.
Development Behavior Pediatric, 33, 202-213.
Silva, A. A., Barbieri, M. A., Cardoso, V. C., Batista, R. F., Simões,
V. M., Vianna, E. O., . . . Bettiol, H. (2011). Prevalence of
non-communicable diseases in Brazilian children: Follow-up
at school age of two Brazilian birth cohorts of the 1990’s. BMC
Public Health, 11, 486-518.
Sommerfelt, K., Andersson, H. W., Sonnander, K., Ahlsten, G.,
Ellertsen, B., Markestad, T., . . . Bakketeig, L. S. (2001).
Behavior in term, small for gestational age preschoolers. Early
Human Development, 65(2), 107-121.
Vanderbilt, D., & Gleason, M. M. (2010) Mental health concerns of
the premature infant through the lifespan. Child and Adolescent
Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 19, 211-228.
Wiles, N. J., Peters, T. J., Heron, J., Gunnell, D., Emond, A., &
Lewis, G. (2006). Fetal growth and childhood behavioral
problems: Results from the ALSPAC cohort. American Journal
of Epidemiology, 163(9), 829-837.
Winchester, S. B., Sullivan, M. C., Marks, A. K., Doyle, T.,
DePalma, J., & McGrath, M. M. (2009). Academic, social, and
behavioral outcomes at age 12 of infants born preterm. Western
Journal of Nursing Research, 31, 853-871.
Woerner, W., Fleitlich-Bilyk, B., Martinussen, R., Fletcher, J.,
Cucchiaro, G., Dalgalarrondo, P., . . . Tannock, R. (2004). The
Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire overseas: Evaluations
and applications of the SDQ beyond Europe. European Child
& Adolescent Psychiatry, 13(Suppl. 2), 1147-1154.
Zwicker, J. G., & Harris, S. R. (2008). Quality of life of former
preterm and very low birth weight infants from preschool-age
to adulthood: A systematic review. Pediatrics, 121(2), 366-376.