An Evolutionary View of Cognitive Mechanisms Associated with Social Exchange
Keywords:
Social contract theory, Game theory, Cooperation, Evolutionary psychology, Social exchangesAbstract
Evolutionary psychology proposes the investigation of the origins and purposes of cognitive skills that constitute human social cognition. This article presents the social contract theory as an evolutionary model for the study of the cognitive mechanisms and cooperation, such as cheating detection, memory for faces, sense of justice, the influence of prior knowledge and information, vigilance and theory of mind that regulate social interactions. It is concluded that an evolutionary view of human mind produces hypotheses, while game theory provides methods to test them, helping us to understand human nature.
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References
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Breland, K., & Breland, M. (1961). The misbehavior of organisms. American Psychologist, 16, 681-684.
Broom, D. M. (2006). The evolution of morality. Applied Animal Behavioral Science, 100, 20”“28.
Brosnan, S., & De Waal, F. B. M. (2003). Monkeys reject unequal pay. Nature, 425, 297-299.
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Brown, W. M., Palameta, B., & Moore, C. (2003). Are there nonverbal cues to commitment? An exploratory study using the zero-acquaintance video presentation paradigm. Evolutionary Psychology, 1, 42-69.
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Chiappe, D., & MacDonald, K. (2005). The evolution of domain-general mechanism in intelligence and learning. The Journal of General Psychology, 132, 5-40.
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Fantz, R. (1963). Pattern vision in newborn infants. Science, 140(3564), 296-297.
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Haley, K. J., & Fessler, D. M. T. (2005). Nobody´s watching? Subtle cues affect generosity in an anonymous economic game. Evolution and Human Behavior, 26, 245-256.
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Hyde, J. S. (2005). The gender similarities hypothesis. American Psychologist, 6, 581”“592.
Kiyonari, T., Tanida, S., & Yamagishi, T. (2000). Social exchange and reciprocity: Confusion or a heuristic? Evolution and Human Behavior, 21, 411-427.
Koenig, W. D. (1981). Space competition in the acorn woodpecker: Power struggles in a cooperative breeder. Animal Behaviour, 29, 396-409.
Laland, K. N., & Brown, G. (2002). Sense and nonsense: Evolutionary perspectives on human behaviour. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Mealey, L., Daood, C., & Krage, M. (1996). Enhanced memory for faces of cheaters. Ethology and Sociobiology, 17, 119”“128.
Meyer, D., & El-Hani, C. N. (2005). Evolução: O sentido da biologia. São Paulo: Editora Unesp.
Mifune, N., Hashimoto, H., & Yamagishi, T. (2010). Altruism toward in-group members as a reputation mechanism. Evolution and Human Behavior, 31, 109-117.
Mithen, S. (1996/2002). A pré-história da mente: Uma busca das origens da arte, da religião e da ciência. São Paulo: Editora Unesp.
Nowak, M. A., Page, K. M., & Sigmund, K. (2000). Fairness versus reason in the ultimatum game. Science 289, 1773-1775.
Oda, R. (1997). Biased face recognition in the prisoner´s dilemma game. Evolution and Human Behavior, 29, 35-41.
Ottoni, E. B., Rodriguez, C. F., & Barreto, J. C. (2006). Teoria da Mente e compreensão da representação gráfica de conteúdos mentais (“balões de pensamento”). Interação em Psicologia, 10, 225-234.
Page, K. M., Nowak, M. A., & Sigmund, K. (2000). The spatial ultimatum game. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 267, 2177-2182.
Penna, A. G. (1986). Cognitivismo, consciência e comportamento político. São Paulo: Vértice.
Pinker, S. (2002). O Instinto da linguagem: Como a mente cria a linguagem. São Paulo: Martins Fontes.
Pinker, S. (2004). Tábula rasa: A negação contemporânea da natureza humana. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras.
Poindron, P. (2005). Mechanisms of activation of maternal behaviour in mammals. Reproduction Nutrition Development, 45, 341”“351.
Premack, D., & Woodruff, G. (1978). Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind? Behavioral and Brains Science, 1, 515-526.
Rigdon, M., Ishii, K., Watabe, M., & Kitayama, S. (2009). Minimal social cues in the dictator game. Journal of Economic Psychology, 30, 358-367.
Roth, A., Prasnikar, V., Okuno-Fujiwara, M., & Zamir, S. (1991). Bargaining and market behavior in Jerusalem, Ljubljana, Pittsburgh, and Tokyo: Some experimental evidence. American Economic Review, 81, 1068-1095.
Schultz, D. P., & Schultz, S. E. (2007). História da psicologia moderna. São Paulo: Thomson.
Servátka, M. (2009). Separating reputation, social influence, and identification effects in a dictator game. European Economic Rewiew,53, 197-209.
Sugiyama, L. S., Tooby, J., & Cosmides, L. (2001). Cross-cultural evidence of cognitive adaptations for social exchange among the Shiwiar of Ecuadorian Amazonia. PNAS, 99, 11537”“11542.
Taborsky, M. (1985). Breeder-helper conflict in a cichlid fish with brood care helpers: An experimental analysis. Behaviour, 95, 45”“57.
Trivers, R. (1971). The evolution of reciprocal altruism. Quarterly Review of Biology, 46, 35”“57.
Von Neumann, J., & Morgenstern, O. (1944). Theory of game and economic behavior. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Alencar, A. I., & Yamamoto, M. E. (2009). A teoria dos jogos como metodologia de investigação científica para a cooperação na perspectiva da psicologia evolucionista. Psico, PUCRS, 39, 522-529.
Axelrod, R., & Hamilton, W. D. (1981). The evolution of cooperation. Science, 21, 1390-1396.
Barclay, P., & Lalumière, L. M. (2006). Do people differentially remember cheaters? Human Nature, 17, 98”“113.
Barclay, P. (2008). Enhanced recognition of defectors depends on their rarity. Cognition, 107, 817”“828.
Bednar, J., & Miikkulainen, R. (2003). Learning innate face preferences. Neural Computation, 15(7), 1525”“1557.
Bekoff, M. (2004). Why justice and fair play: Cooperation, forgiveness, and morality in animals. Biology and Philosophy, 19, 489”“520.
Bowlby, L. (2002). Apego: A natureza do vínculo. Vol 1 da trilogia: Apego e Perda. São Paulo: Editora Martins Fontes.
Breland, K., & Breland, M. (1961). The misbehavior of organisms. American Psychologist, 16, 681-684.
Broom, D. M. (2006). The evolution of morality. Applied Animal Behavioral Science, 100, 20”“28.
Brosnan, S., & De Waal, F. B. M. (2003). Monkeys reject unequal pay. Nature, 425, 297-299.
Brosnan, S. F., Schiff, H. C., & De Waal, F.B. M. (2005). Tolerance for inequity may increase with social closeness in chimpanzees. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B 1560, 253-258.
Brown, W., & Moore, C. (2000). Is prospective altruist-detection an evolved solution to the adaptive problem of subtle cheating in cooperative ventures? Supportive evidence using the Wason selection task. Evolution and Human Behavior, 21, 25-37.
Brown, W. M., Palameta, B., & Moore, C. (2003). Are there nonverbal cues to commitment? An exploratory study using the zero-acquaintance video presentation paradigm. Evolutionary Psychology, 1, 42-69.
Buss, D. M. (1999). Evolutionary psychology: The new science of the mind. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Chiappe, D., & MacDonald, K. (2005). The evolution of domain-general mechanism in intelligence and learning. The Journal of General Psychology, 132, 5-40.
Clutton-Brock, T. H. (1991). The evolution of parental care. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Clutton-Brock T. H. (2009). Structure and function in mammalian societies. Philosophical Transaction of the Royal Society Biological Sciences, 364, 3229-3242.
Cosmides, L., & Tooby, J. (1992). Cognitive adaptations for social exchange. In H. J. Barkow, L. Cosmides & J. Tooby (Eds.), The adapted mind: Evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture (pp. 163”“228). New York: Oxford University Press.
Cronin, H. (1995). A formiga e o pavão: Altruísmo e seleção sexual de Darwin até hoje. Campinas: Papirus.
Darwin, C. (1996). The origin of species. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Trabalho Original Publicado em 1859)
Dehaene, S., Izard, V., Spelke, E., & Pica, P. (2008). Log or linear? Distinct intuitions of the number scale in Western and Amazonian indigene cultures. Science, 30, 1217-1220.
Denault, L. K., & McFarlane, D. A. (1995). Reciprocal altruism between male vampire bats, Desmodus rotundus. Animal Behaviour, 49, 855-856.
Dunbar, R. I. M. (1999). Culture honesty and the free-rider problem. In: R. I. M. Dunbar, C. D. Night, & C. Power (Orgs.). The evolution of culture (pp. 194-213). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Eckel, C. C., & Grossman, J. P. (1996). Altruism in anonymous dictator games. Games and Economic Behavior, 16, 181-191.
Ellickson, R. C. (1991). Order without law: How neighbors settle disputes. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Fantz, R. (1963). Pattern vision in newborn infants. Science, 140(3564), 296-297.
Fehr, E., & Gachter, S. (2002). Altruistic punishment in humans. Nature: 415, 137-140.
Frith, C. D., & Frith, U. (1999). Interacting minds: A biological basis. Science, 256, 1692-1695.
Haley, K. J., & Fessler, D. M. T. (2005). Nobody´s watching? Subtle cues affect generosity in an anonymous economic game. Evolution and Human Behavior, 26, 245-256.
Hamlin, J. K., Wynn, K., & Bloom, P. (2007). Social evaluation by preverbal infants. Nature, 450, 557-559.
Hrdy, S. B. (2001). Mãe natureza: Uma visão feminina da evolução: Maternidade, filhos e seleção natural. Rio de Janeiro: Campus.
Hyde, J. S. (2005). The gender similarities hypothesis. American Psychologist, 6, 581”“592.
Kiyonari, T., Tanida, S., & Yamagishi, T. (2000). Social exchange and reciprocity: Confusion or a heuristic? Evolution and Human Behavior, 21, 411-427.
Koenig, W. D. (1981). Space competition in the acorn woodpecker: Power struggles in a cooperative breeder. Animal Behaviour, 29, 396-409.
Laland, K. N., & Brown, G. (2002). Sense and nonsense: Evolutionary perspectives on human behaviour. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Mealey, L., Daood, C., & Krage, M. (1996). Enhanced memory for faces of cheaters. Ethology and Sociobiology, 17, 119”“128.
Meyer, D., & El-Hani, C. N. (2005). Evolução: O sentido da biologia. São Paulo: Editora Unesp.
Mifune, N., Hashimoto, H., & Yamagishi, T. (2010). Altruism toward in-group members as a reputation mechanism. Evolution and Human Behavior, 31, 109-117.
Mithen, S. (1996/2002). A pré-história da mente: Uma busca das origens da arte, da religião e da ciência. São Paulo: Editora Unesp.
Nowak, M. A., Page, K. M., & Sigmund, K. (2000). Fairness versus reason in the ultimatum game. Science 289, 1773-1775.
Oda, R. (1997). Biased face recognition in the prisoner´s dilemma game. Evolution and Human Behavior, 29, 35-41.
Ottoni, E. B., Rodriguez, C. F., & Barreto, J. C. (2006). Teoria da Mente e compreensão da representação gráfica de conteúdos mentais (“balões de pensamento”). Interação em Psicologia, 10, 225-234.
Page, K. M., Nowak, M. A., & Sigmund, K. (2000). The spatial ultimatum game. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 267, 2177-2182.
Penna, A. G. (1986). Cognitivismo, consciência e comportamento político. São Paulo: Vértice.
Pinker, S. (2002). O Instinto da linguagem: Como a mente cria a linguagem. São Paulo: Martins Fontes.
Pinker, S. (2004). Tábula rasa: A negação contemporânea da natureza humana. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras.
Poindron, P. (2005). Mechanisms of activation of maternal behaviour in mammals. Reproduction Nutrition Development, 45, 341”“351.
Premack, D., & Woodruff, G. (1978). Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind? Behavioral and Brains Science, 1, 515-526.
Rigdon, M., Ishii, K., Watabe, M., & Kitayama, S. (2009). Minimal social cues in the dictator game. Journal of Economic Psychology, 30, 358-367.
Roth, A., Prasnikar, V., Okuno-Fujiwara, M., & Zamir, S. (1991). Bargaining and market behavior in Jerusalem, Ljubljana, Pittsburgh, and Tokyo: Some experimental evidence. American Economic Review, 81, 1068-1095.
Schultz, D. P., & Schultz, S. E. (2007). História da psicologia moderna. São Paulo: Thomson.
Servátka, M. (2009). Separating reputation, social influence, and identification effects in a dictator game. European Economic Rewiew,53, 197-209.
Sugiyama, L. S., Tooby, J., & Cosmides, L. (2001). Cross-cultural evidence of cognitive adaptations for social exchange among the Shiwiar of Ecuadorian Amazonia. PNAS, 99, 11537”“11542.
Taborsky, M. (1985). Breeder-helper conflict in a cichlid fish with brood care helpers: An experimental analysis. Behaviour, 95, 45”“57.
Trivers, R. (1971). The evolution of reciprocal altruism. Quarterly Review of Biology, 46, 35”“57.
Von Neumann, J., & Morgenstern, O. (1944). Theory of game and economic behavior. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
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Published
2013-04-22
How to Cite
Eugênio, T. J. B. (2013). An Evolutionary View of Cognitive Mechanisms Associated with Social Exchange. Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 29(1), 71–78. Retrieved from https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/revistaptp/article/view/17594
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Revisão da Literatura
