The Involvement of Attention in the Encoding of Integrated Visuo-spatial Information
Keywords:
Working memory, Visuso-spatial memory, Visuo-spatial binding, Central executiveAbstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the involvement of attention in the encoding and maintenance of information in visual and spatial working memory. We used a dual task paradigm in which a primary task of spatial localization was performed simultaneously with a secondary attentive task of tone discrimination. The participants’ performance (n = 20) in the primary task was affected by the presence and similarity between the tones of the secondary task, and also the instruction to prioritize one task or another. The results indicate that attentive resources (central executive) are involved in encoding and active maintenance of integrated information in visuo-spatial memory, as well as in maintaining the objectives of the tasks to be performed simultaneously.
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References
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Stadler, M. A. (1995). Role of attention in implicit learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21, 819”“827.
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Walker, P., Hitch, G. J., & Duroe, S. (1993). The effect of visual similarity on short-term memory for spatial location: Implications for the capacity of visual short-term memory. Acta Psychologica, 83, 203-224.
Baddeley, A. D. (2002). Fractionating the central executive. In D. T. Stuss & R. T. Knight (Eds.), Principles of frontal lobe function (pp. 246-260). New York: Oxford University Press.
Baddeley, A. D. (2007). Working memory, thought, and action. New York: Oxford University Press.
Brooks, L. R. (1967). The suppression of visualization by reading. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 19(4), 289-299.
Cohen-Kdoshay, O., & Meiran, N. (2007). The representation of instructions in working memory leads to autonomous response activation: Evidence from the first trials in the flanker paradigm. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 60(8), 1140-1154.
Collette, F., & Van der Linden, M. (2002). Brain imaging of the central executive component of working memory. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 26, 105-125.
Cowan, N. (2005). Working memory capacity. New York: Taylor & Francis Group.
Curran T., & Keele S. W. (1993). Attentional and nonattentional forms of sequence learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 19, 189-202.
D’Esposito, M. (2007). From cognitive to neural models of working memory. Philosophical Transation of Royal Society. B, 362, 761”“772.
Fisk, J. E., & Sharp, C. A. (2003). The role of the executive system in visuo-spatial memory functioning. Brain and Cognition, 52, 364-381.
Frensch, P. A., Lin, J., & Buchner, A. (1998). Learning versus behavioral expression of the learned: The effects of a secondary tone-counting task on implicit learning in the serial reaction time task. Psychological Research, 61, 83”“98.
Galera, C., & Fuhs, C. C. (2003). Memória visuoespacial a curto prazo: Os efeitos da supressão articulatória e de uma tarefa aritmética. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 16(2), 337-348.
Henson, R. N. A., Burgess, N., & Frith, C. D. (2000). Recoding, storage, rehearsal and grouping in verbal short-term memory: An fMRI study. Neuropsychologia, 38, 426-440.
Jiang, Y., Olson, I. R., & Chun, M. M. (2000). Organization of visual short-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 26(3), 683-702.
Kiss, I., Pazderka-Robinson, H., & Floden, D. (2001). Event-related brain potentials and central executive function: Further evidence for Baddeley’s model. Journal of Psychophysiology, 15, 1”“13.
Klauer, K. C., & Zhao, Z. (2004). Double dissociations in visual and spatial short-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 133(3), 355-381.
Klauer, K. C., & Stegmaier, R. (1997). Interference in immediate spatial memory: Shifts of spatial attention or central-executive involvement? The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 50A(1), 79-99.
Logie, R. H. (1995). Visuo-spatial working memory. Hove: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Logie, R. H., Cocchini, G., Della Sala, S., & Baddeley, A. D. (2004). Is there a specific executive capacity for dual task co-ordination? Evidence from Alzheimer’s Disease. Neuropsychology, 18, 504-513.
Maybery, M. T., Clissa, P. J, Parmentier, F. B. R., Leung, D., Harsa, G., Fox, A. M., & Jones, D. M. (2009). Binding of verbal and spatial features in auditory working memory. Journal of Memory and Language, 61(1), 112-133.
Miller, E. K., & Cohen, J. D. (2001). An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 24, 167-202.
Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Rettinger, D. A., Shah, P., & Hegarty, M. (2001). How are visuospatial working memory, executive functioning, and spatial abilities related? A latent-variable analysis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130(4), 621-540.
Nissen, M. J., & Bullemer, P. (1987). Attentional requirements of learning: Evidence from performance measures. Cognitive Psychology, 19, 1”“32.
Norman D. A., & Shallice, T. (1986). Attention to action: Willed and automatic control of behaviour. In R. J. Davidson, G. E. Schwartz, D. Shapiro (Eds.), Consciousness and self-regulation (V. 4, pp. 1”“18). New York: Plenum.
Olson, I. R., & Marshuetz, C. (2005). Remembering “what” brings along “where” in visual working memory. Perception & Psychophysics, 67, 185-194.
Repovš, G., & Baddeley, A. (2006). The multi-component model of working memory: Explorations in experimental cognitive psychology. Neuroscience, 139, 5-21.
Rudkin, S. J., Pearson, D. G., & Logie, R. H. (2007). Executive processes in visual and spatial working memory tasks. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 60(1), 79-100.
Salway, A. F., & Logie, R. H. (1995). Visuospatial working memory, movement control and executive demands. British Journal of Psychology, 86(2), 253-269.
Schneider, W., Eschman, A., & Zuccolotto, A. (2002). E-Prime reference guide. Pittsburgh: Psychology Software Tools Inc.
Soto, D., & Humphreys, G. W. (2009). Automatic selection of irrelevant object features through working memory: Evidence for top-down attentional capture. Experimental Psychology, 56, 165-172.
Stadler, M. A. (1995). Role of attention in implicit learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21, 819”“827.
Szmalec, A. (2005). Functional unity and diversity within executive control: A study by means of parametrical variations of executive involvement in reaction time tasks. Tese de Doutorado, Universiteit Gent, Bélgica.
Walker, P., Hitch, G. J., & Duroe, S. (1993). The effect of visual similarity on short-term memory for spatial location: Implications for the capacity of visual short-term memory. Acta Psychologica, 83, 203-224.
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Published
2012-07-02
How to Cite
Santana, J., & Galera, C. (2012). The Involvement of Attention in the Encoding of Integrated Visuo-spatial Information. Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 28(2), 141–148. Retrieved from https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/revistaptp/article/view/17562
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Section
Estudos Empíricos
