Risk Factors for Mental Health Problems in Childhood/Adolescence
Keywords:
Mental health, Risk factors, Child, Adolescent, Cross-sectional studiesAbstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban low-income community in the municipality of Embu-SP with the objective of identifying factors associated with mental health problems of children and adolescents (MHPCA) in a probabilistic sample (N=67, aged 4-17 years). Standardized instruments were applied to mothers: Child Behavior Checklist; WorldSAFE Core Questionnaire (demographics, domestic violence, father/stepfather drunkenness); Self-Report Questionnaire (maternal mental health problems and suicide ideation). The results of this study identified factors statistically related to MPHCA: child/adolescent of male gender and severe physical punishment; maternal suicide ideation and severe physical marital violence; father/stepfather drunkenness. As a result, vulnerable groups with individual/family characteristics identified in this study should have priority in prevention/treatment programs.
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References
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Bordin, I. A., Mari, J. J., & Caeiro, M. F. (1995). Validação da Versão Brasileira do Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) (Inventário de Comportamentos da Infância e Adolescência): Dados Preliminares. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 17, 55-66.
Brasil, H. H. A. (2003). Desenvolvimento da versão brasileira da K-SADS-PL (Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged Children: Present and Lifetime Version) e estudo de suas propriedades psicométricas. Tese de Doutorado, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo.
Burns, B.; Hoagwood, K., & Mrazek, P. (1999). Effective treatment for mental disorders in children and adolescents. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 2, 199-254.
Caputo, V., & Bordin, I. (2007). Mental health problems among pregnant and non-pregnant youth. Revista de Saúde Pública, 41, 573-581.
Cicchetti, D., & Toth, S. L. (2005). Child maltreatment. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 1, 409-438.
Duarte, C.; Hoven, C.; Berganza, C.; Bordin, I.; Bird, H., & Miranda, C. T. (2003). Child mental health in Latin America: present and future epidemiologic research. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 33, 203-222.
Fergusson, D. M.; Grant, H.; Horwood, L. J., & Ridder, E. M. (2005). Randomized trial of the Early Start program of home visitation. Pediatrics, 116, 803-809.
Ferro, T.; Verdeli, H.; Pierre, F., & Weissman, M. M. (2000). Screening for depression in mothers bringing their offspring for evaluation or treatment of depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 375-379.
Field, T., Sandberg, D., Garcia, R., Vega-Lahr, N., Goldstein, S., & Guy, L. (1985). Pregnancy problems, postpartum depression and early mother-infant interactions. Developmental psychology, 21, 1152-1156.
Fleitlich-Bilyk, B., & Goodman, R. (2004). Prevalence of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders in southeast Brazil. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 43, 727-734.
Fleitlich, B., & Goodman, R. (2001). Social factors associated with child mental health problems in Brazil: cross sectional survey. British Medical Journal, 323, 599-600.
Fletcher, R. H., Fletcher, S. W., & Wagner, E. H. (1996). Epidemiologia clínica: elementos essenciais (3º ed.). Porto Alegre: Artes Médicas.
Goodman, A., Fleitlich-Bilyk, B., Patel, V., & Goodman, R. (2007). Child, family, school and community risk factors for poor mental health in Brazilian schoolchildren. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 46, 448-456.
Hackett, R., & Hackett, L. (1999). Child Psychiatry across cultures. International Review of Psychiatry, 11, 225-235.
Halpern, R., & Figueiras, A. C. (2004). Environmental influences on child mental health. Jornal de Pediatria, 80, S104-110.
Herrenkohl, T. I., Sousa, C., Tajima, E. A., Herrenkohl, R. C., & Moylan, C. A. (2008). Intersection of child abuse and children’s exposure to domestic violence. Trauma, Violence and Abuse, 9, 84-99.
Jekel, J. F., Katz, D. L., & Elmore, J. G. (2005). Epidemiologia, bioestatística e medicina preventiva (2º ed.). Porto Alegre: ArtMed.
Kaplan, S. J., Pelcovitz, D., Salzinger, S., Weiner, M., Mandel, F. S., Lesser, M. L., & Labruna, B.A. (1998). Adolescent physical abuse: risk for adolescent psychiatric disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 954-959.
Kazdin, A. E.; Kraemer, H. C.; Kessler, R. C.; Kupfer, D. J., & Offord, D. R. (1997). Contributions of risk-factor research to developmental psychopathology. Clinical Psychology Review, 17, 375-406.
Klimes-Dougan, B.; Free, K.; Ronsaville, D.; Stilwell, J.; Welsh, C. J., & Radke-Yarrow, M. (1999). Suicidal ideation and attempts: a longitudinal investigation of children of depressed and well mothers. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38, 651-659.
Krug, E. G.; Dahlberg, L. L.; Mercy, J. A.; Zwi, A. B.; Lozano, R., & World Health Organization (Orgs.). (2002). World report on violence and health. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Macmillan, H. L., Wathen, C. N., Barlow, J., Fergusson, D. M., Leventhal, J. M., & Taussig, H. N. (2009). Interventions to prevent child maltreatment and associated impairment. Lancet, 373, 250-266.
Maia, J., & Williams, L. (2005). Fatores de risco e fatores de proteção ao desenvolvimento infantil: uma revisão da área. Temas em psicologia, 13, 91-103.
Mari, J.J., & Williams, P. (1986). A validity study of a psychiatric screening questionnaire (SRQ-20) in primary care in the city of Sao Paulo. British Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 6.
Maughan, A., Cicchetti, D., Toth, S. L., & Rogosch, F. A. (2007). Early-occurring maternal depression and maternal negativity in predicting young children’s emotion regulation and socioemotional difficulties. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 35, 685-703.
McFarlane, J. M., Groff, J. Y., O’Brien, J. A., & Watson, K. (2003). Behaviors of children who are exposed and not exposed to intimate partner violence: an analysis of 330 black, white, and Hispanic children. Pediatrics, 112, 202-207.
Medronho, R. A. (2006). Epidemiologia (1º ed.). Rio de Janeiro: Atheneu.
Moreno Martín, F. (1999). La violencia en la pareja. Revista panamericana de salud pública, 5, 245-258.
O’Connel., M. E., Boat., T., & Warner., K. E. (Orgs.) (2009). Preventing mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders among young people: progress and possibilities. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
Organização Mundial da Saúde. (2001). The World health report 2001: Mental health: new understanding, new hope. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Organização Mundial da Saúde, Departamento de Saúde Mental e Uso de Substancias (2005). Promoting mental health : concepts, emerging evidence, practice: a report of the World Health Organization. Genebra: Autor.
Patel, V., Flisher, A. J., Hetrick, S., & McGorry, P. (2007). Mental health of young people: a global public-health challenge. Lancet, 369, 1302-1313.
Pico-Alfonso, M. A., Garcia-Linares, M. I., Celda-Navarro, N., Blasco-Ros, C., Echeburua, E., & Martinez, M. (2006). The impact of physical, psychological, and sexual intimate male partner violence on women’s mental health: depressive symptoms, posttraumatic stress disorder, state anxiety, and suicide. Journal of Women’s Health (Larchmt), 15, 599-611.
Pilowsky, D. J., Wickramaratne, P. J., Rush, A. J., Hughes, C. W., Garber, J., Malloy, E., King, C., Cerda, G., Bela Sood, A., Alpert, J.E., Wisniewski, S., Trivedi, M.H., Talati, A., Carlson, M., Liu, H.H., Fava, M., & Weissman, M.M. (2006). Children of currently depressed mothers: a STAR*D ancillary study. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67(1), 126-136.
Ross, S. M. (1996). Risk of physical abuse to children of spouse abusing parents. Child Abuse and Neglect, 20, 589-598.
Rutter, M. (1988). Studies of psychosocial risk - the power of longitudinal data. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Sistema Estadual de Análise de Dados (2002). Informações dos municípios paulistas. Retirado de http://www.seade.gov.br
Shaw, B. A., & Krause, N. (2002). Exposure to physical violence during childhood, aging, and health. Journal of Aging and Health, 14, 467-494.
Springer, K. W., Sheridan, J., Kuo, D., & Carnes, M. (2007). Long-term physical and mental health consequences of childhood physical abuse: results from a large population-based sample of men and women. Child Abuse and Neglect, 31, 517-530.
Straus, M. A., Hamby, S. L., Finkelhor, D., Moore, D. W., & Runyan, D. (1998). Identification of child maltreatment with the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scales: development and psychometric data for a national sample of American parents. Child Abuse and Neglect, 22, 249-270.
Vitolo, Y. L., Fleitlich-Bilyk, B., Goodman, R., & Bordin, I. A. (2005). Parental beliefs and child-rearing attitudes and mental health problems among schoolchildren. Revista de Saúde Pública, 39, 716-724.
Bandura, A. (1976). Social learning theory. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Bangdiwala, S. I.; Paula, C. S.; Ramiro, L. S., & Munoz, S. R. (2003). Coordination of international multicenter studies: governance and administrative structure. Salud Pública de México, 45, 58-66.
Belfer, M. L. (2008). Child and adolescent mental disorders: the magnitude of the problem across the globe. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49, 226-236.
Benvegnú, L. A.; Fassa, A. G.; Facchini, L. A.; Wegman, D. H., & Dall’Agnol, M. M. (2005). Work and behavioural problems in children and adolescents. International Journal of Epidemiology, 34, 1417-1424.
Beusenberg, M., & Orley, J. H. (1994). A User’s guide to the self reporting questionnaire (SRQ). Geneva: Organização Mundial da Saúde.
Bordin, I. & Paula, C. (2006). Estudos Populacionais sobre Saúde Mental de Crianças e Adolescentes Brasileiros. Em M.F. Mello, A.A. Mello & R. Kohn (Orgs.), Epidemiologia da Saúde Mental no Brasil (pp. 119-142). Porto Alegre: Artmed.
Bordin, I. A., Mari, J. J., & Caeiro, M. F. (1995). Validação da Versão Brasileira do Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) (Inventário de Comportamentos da Infância e Adolescência): Dados Preliminares. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 17, 55-66.
Brasil, H. H. A. (2003). Desenvolvimento da versão brasileira da K-SADS-PL (Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged Children: Present and Lifetime Version) e estudo de suas propriedades psicométricas. Tese de Doutorado, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo.
Burns, B.; Hoagwood, K., & Mrazek, P. (1999). Effective treatment for mental disorders in children and adolescents. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 2, 199-254.
Caputo, V., & Bordin, I. (2007). Mental health problems among pregnant and non-pregnant youth. Revista de Saúde Pública, 41, 573-581.
Cicchetti, D., & Toth, S. L. (2005). Child maltreatment. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 1, 409-438.
Duarte, C.; Hoven, C.; Berganza, C.; Bordin, I.; Bird, H., & Miranda, C. T. (2003). Child mental health in Latin America: present and future epidemiologic research. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 33, 203-222.
Fergusson, D. M.; Grant, H.; Horwood, L. J., & Ridder, E. M. (2005). Randomized trial of the Early Start program of home visitation. Pediatrics, 116, 803-809.
Ferro, T.; Verdeli, H.; Pierre, F., & Weissman, M. M. (2000). Screening for depression in mothers bringing their offspring for evaluation or treatment of depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 375-379.
Field, T., Sandberg, D., Garcia, R., Vega-Lahr, N., Goldstein, S., & Guy, L. (1985). Pregnancy problems, postpartum depression and early mother-infant interactions. Developmental psychology, 21, 1152-1156.
Fleitlich-Bilyk, B., & Goodman, R. (2004). Prevalence of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders in southeast Brazil. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 43, 727-734.
Fleitlich, B., & Goodman, R. (2001). Social factors associated with child mental health problems in Brazil: cross sectional survey. British Medical Journal, 323, 599-600.
Fletcher, R. H., Fletcher, S. W., & Wagner, E. H. (1996). Epidemiologia clínica: elementos essenciais (3º ed.). Porto Alegre: Artes Médicas.
Goodman, A., Fleitlich-Bilyk, B., Patel, V., & Goodman, R. (2007). Child, family, school and community risk factors for poor mental health in Brazilian schoolchildren. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 46, 448-456.
Hackett, R., & Hackett, L. (1999). Child Psychiatry across cultures. International Review of Psychiatry, 11, 225-235.
Halpern, R., & Figueiras, A. C. (2004). Environmental influences on child mental health. Jornal de Pediatria, 80, S104-110.
Herrenkohl, T. I., Sousa, C., Tajima, E. A., Herrenkohl, R. C., & Moylan, C. A. (2008). Intersection of child abuse and children’s exposure to domestic violence. Trauma, Violence and Abuse, 9, 84-99.
Jekel, J. F., Katz, D. L., & Elmore, J. G. (2005). Epidemiologia, bioestatística e medicina preventiva (2º ed.). Porto Alegre: ArtMed.
Kaplan, S. J., Pelcovitz, D., Salzinger, S., Weiner, M., Mandel, F. S., Lesser, M. L., & Labruna, B.A. (1998). Adolescent physical abuse: risk for adolescent psychiatric disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 954-959.
Kazdin, A. E.; Kraemer, H. C.; Kessler, R. C.; Kupfer, D. J., & Offord, D. R. (1997). Contributions of risk-factor research to developmental psychopathology. Clinical Psychology Review, 17, 375-406.
Klimes-Dougan, B.; Free, K.; Ronsaville, D.; Stilwell, J.; Welsh, C. J., & Radke-Yarrow, M. (1999). Suicidal ideation and attempts: a longitudinal investigation of children of depressed and well mothers. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38, 651-659.
Krug, E. G.; Dahlberg, L. L.; Mercy, J. A.; Zwi, A. B.; Lozano, R., & World Health Organization (Orgs.). (2002). World report on violence and health. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Macmillan, H. L., Wathen, C. N., Barlow, J., Fergusson, D. M., Leventhal, J. M., & Taussig, H. N. (2009). Interventions to prevent child maltreatment and associated impairment. Lancet, 373, 250-266.
Maia, J., & Williams, L. (2005). Fatores de risco e fatores de proteção ao desenvolvimento infantil: uma revisão da área. Temas em psicologia, 13, 91-103.
Mari, J.J., & Williams, P. (1986). A validity study of a psychiatric screening questionnaire (SRQ-20) in primary care in the city of Sao Paulo. British Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 6.
Maughan, A., Cicchetti, D., Toth, S. L., & Rogosch, F. A. (2007). Early-occurring maternal depression and maternal negativity in predicting young children’s emotion regulation and socioemotional difficulties. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 35, 685-703.
McFarlane, J. M., Groff, J. Y., O’Brien, J. A., & Watson, K. (2003). Behaviors of children who are exposed and not exposed to intimate partner violence: an analysis of 330 black, white, and Hispanic children. Pediatrics, 112, 202-207.
Medronho, R. A. (2006). Epidemiologia (1º ed.). Rio de Janeiro: Atheneu.
Moreno Martín, F. (1999). La violencia en la pareja. Revista panamericana de salud pública, 5, 245-258.
O’Connel., M. E., Boat., T., & Warner., K. E. (Orgs.) (2009). Preventing mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders among young people: progress and possibilities. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
Organização Mundial da Saúde. (2001). The World health report 2001: Mental health: new understanding, new hope. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Organização Mundial da Saúde, Departamento de Saúde Mental e Uso de Substancias (2005). Promoting mental health : concepts, emerging evidence, practice: a report of the World Health Organization. Genebra: Autor.
Patel, V., Flisher, A. J., Hetrick, S., & McGorry, P. (2007). Mental health of young people: a global public-health challenge. Lancet, 369, 1302-1313.
Pico-Alfonso, M. A., Garcia-Linares, M. I., Celda-Navarro, N., Blasco-Ros, C., Echeburua, E., & Martinez, M. (2006). The impact of physical, psychological, and sexual intimate male partner violence on women’s mental health: depressive symptoms, posttraumatic stress disorder, state anxiety, and suicide. Journal of Women’s Health (Larchmt), 15, 599-611.
Pilowsky, D. J., Wickramaratne, P. J., Rush, A. J., Hughes, C. W., Garber, J., Malloy, E., King, C., Cerda, G., Bela Sood, A., Alpert, J.E., Wisniewski, S., Trivedi, M.H., Talati, A., Carlson, M., Liu, H.H., Fava, M., & Weissman, M.M. (2006). Children of currently depressed mothers: a STAR*D ancillary study. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67(1), 126-136.
Ross, S. M. (1996). Risk of physical abuse to children of spouse abusing parents. Child Abuse and Neglect, 20, 589-598.
Rutter, M. (1988). Studies of psychosocial risk - the power of longitudinal data. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Sistema Estadual de Análise de Dados (2002). Informações dos municípios paulistas. Retirado de http://www.seade.gov.br
Shaw, B. A., & Krause, N. (2002). Exposure to physical violence during childhood, aging, and health. Journal of Aging and Health, 14, 467-494.
Springer, K. W., Sheridan, J., Kuo, D., & Carnes, M. (2007). Long-term physical and mental health consequences of childhood physical abuse: results from a large population-based sample of men and women. Child Abuse and Neglect, 31, 517-530.
Straus, M. A., Hamby, S. L., Finkelhor, D., Moore, D. W., & Runyan, D. (1998). Identification of child maltreatment with the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scales: development and psychometric data for a national sample of American parents. Child Abuse and Neglect, 22, 249-270.
Vitolo, Y. L., Fleitlich-Bilyk, B., Goodman, R., & Bordin, I. A. (2005). Parental beliefs and child-rearing attitudes and mental health problems among schoolchildren. Revista de Saúde Pública, 39, 716-724.
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Published
2011-02-12
How to Cite
Fatori de Sá, D. G., Bordin, I. A. S., Martin, D., & Paula, C. S. (2011). Risk Factors for Mental Health Problems in Childhood/Adolescence. Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 26(4), 643–652. Retrieved from https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/revistaptp/article/view/17489
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Estudos Empíricos
