Youth and Political Socialization:
Up-Dating the Debate
Keywords:
Political socialization, Youth, Intergenerational relationships, SubjectivityAbstract
The present work analyses from a critical point of view the notion of political socialization and its current issues about the distancing of youth in relation to politics. The political socialization concept is analyzed according to two main aspects: first, it is discussed its assumptions in relation to an identity theory of subjectivity that essentializes subjective positions related to age, and it is based on a developmental perspective on human trajectory. Second, it is discussed how political socialization studies presuppose a division between public and private spaces, where the relations of intergenerational transmission are restricted to the private space, and thus, do not take into account youth contribution to the decisions of collective life.
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References
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Alanen, L. (1987). Growing up in the modern family. Re-thinking socialization, the family and childhood. Em K. Ekberg & P. Mjaavatn (Orgs.), Growing into a modern world (pp. 919-945). Trondheim: The Norwegian Centre for Child Research,
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Baquero, M. (2003). Construindo uma outra sociedade: o capital social na estruturação de uma cultura política participativa no Brasil. Revista de Sociologia Politica, 21, 83-108.
Baquero, M., & Baquero, R. (2007). Educando para a democracia: valores democráticos partilhados por jovens porto-alegrenses. Ciências Sociais em Perspectiva, 6, 139-153.
Berger, P., & Luckmann, T. (1961). The social construction of reality: A treatise in the sociology of knowledge. New York: Doubleday.
Bignotto, N. (2002). Entre o público e o privado: aspectos do debate ético contemporâneo. Em I. Domingues, P. R. Margutti-Pinto & R. Duarte (Orgs.), Ética, política e cultura (pp. 281-298). Belo Horizonte: Editora UFMG.
Buckingham, D. (2000). The making of citizens: Young people, news & politics. Londres: Routledge.
Castro, L. R. (2001). Da invisibilidade à ação: crianças e jovens na construção da cultura. Em L. R. Castro (Org.), Crianças e jovens na construção da cultura (pp. 19-46). Rio de Janeiro: Nau/Faperj.
Castro, L. R. (2004). A aventura urbana. Rio de Janeiro: 7 Letras/Faperj.
Castro, L. R. (2006). Admirável mundo novo: a cadeia das gerações e as transformações do contemporâneo. Em D. Dalbosco, D. Colinvaux & L. Banks (Orgs.), Psicologia do desenvolvimento: reflexões e práticas atuais (pp. 249-268). São Paulo: Casa do Psicólogo.
Cavarero, A. (1992). Equality and sexual difference: Amnesia in political thought. Em G. Bock & S. James (Orgs.), Beyond citizenship equality & feminist politics: Difference female subjectivity (pp. 32-47). Londres: Routledge.
Dawson, R., & Prewitt, K. (1969). Political socialization. Boston: Little, Brown & Co.
Dekker, H. (1996). Democratic citizen competence: Political-psychological and political socialization research perspectives. Em R. Farnen (Org.), Democracy, socialization and conflicting loyalties in East and West: Cross-national and comparative perspectives (pp. 386-410). New York: St Martin’s Press.
Dews, P. (1996). Adorno, pós-estruturalismo e a crítica da identidade. Em S. Zizek (Org.), Um mapa da ideologia (pp. 51-70). Rio de Janeiro: Contraponto.
Döbert, R., Habermas, J., & Nunner- Winkler, G. (1987). The development of the self. Em J. M. Broughton (Org.), Critical theories of psychological development (pp. 275-299). New York: Plenum Press.
Dubet, F., & Martucelli, D. (1997). A socialização e a formação escolar. Lua Nova, 40/41, 242-266.
Eagleton, T. (2000). The idea of culture. Londres: Sage.
Easton, D. (1968). The theoretical relevance of political socialization. Canadian Journal of Political Science, 1, 125-146.
Easton, D., & Dennis, J. (1969). Children in the political system. New York: McGraw Hill.
Easton, D., & Hess, R. (1962). The child’s political world. Midwest Journal of Political Science, 6, 229-246.
Ehman, L. (1980). The American school in the political socialization process. Review of Educational Research, 50, 99-119.
Fendrich, J., & Turner, R. (1989). The transition from student to adult politics. Social Forces, 67, 1049-1057.
Finchilescu, G. & Dawes, A. (1998). Catapulted into democracy: South African adolescents’ sociopolitical orientations following rapid social change. Journal of Social Issues, 54, 563-583.
Flanagan, C., & Sherrod, L. (1998). Youth political development: An introduction. Journal of Social Issues, 54, 447-456.
Greenstein, F. (1965). Children and politics. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Habermas, J. (1984). The theory of communicative action. Cambridge: Polity.
Hess, R., & Torney, J. (1967). The development of political attitudes in children. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
Holloway, J. (2005). Change the World without taking power: The meaning of revolution today. Londres: Pluto Press.
Honig, B. (1993). Political theory and the displacement of politics. New York: Cornell University Press.
Hyman, H. H. (1959). Political socialization. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
Ichilov, O. (1990). Political socialization, citizenship education and democracy. New York: Teachers College Press.
Ion, J., & Ravon, B. (1998). Causes publiques, affranchissement des appartenances et engagement personnel. Lien Social et Politiques-RIAC, 39, 59-71.
Jahoda, M. (1996). Socialização. Em W. Outhwaite & T. Bottomore (Orgs.), Dicionário do pensamento social do século XX (pp. 710-712). Rio de Janeiro: Zahar.
James, S. (1992). The good-enough citizen: Citizenship and independence. Em G. Bock & S. James (Orgs.), Beyond citizenship equality & feminist politics: Difference female subjectivity (pp. 48-65). Londres: Routledge.
Jennings, M. K., & Niemi, R. (1968). The transmission of political values from parent to child. American Political Science Review, 62, 169-184.
Jennings, M. K., Stoker, L., & Bowers, J. (1999). Politics across generations: Family transmission reexamined [relatório 2001-15]. Berkeley: Institute of Governmental Studies.
Krampen, G. (2000). Transition of adolescent political action orientations to voting behavior in early adulthood in view of a social-cognitive action theory model of personality. Political Psychology, 21, 277-297.
Laclau, E. (1994). Introduction. Em Laclau, E. (Org.), The making of political identities (pp. 1-10). Londres: Verso.
Lucas, J. I. P. (2003). Juventude e antipolítica no Brasil: um estudo de cultura política e ideologia. Tese de Doutorado, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre..
Machado, M. (1979). Ciência política e socialização política nos Estados Unidos. Revista Dados, 22, 65-73.
Monteiro, M. (2008). Convivência e participação: fios e desafios da educação na contemporaneidade. Uma experiência no cotidiano de uma escola pública da Baixada Fluminense. Tese de Doutorado, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro.
Morss, J. (1996). Growing critical. Alternatives to developmental psychology. Londres: Routledge.
Mouffe, C. (1993). The return of the political. Londres: Verso.
Mouffe, C. (2005). On the political. Londres: Routledge.
Nazzari, R. K. (2005). Capital social e socialização política dos jovens no Brasil. Educação Unisinos, 9, 145-154.
Niemi, R., & Hepburn, M. (1995). The rebirth of political socialization. Perspectives on Political Science, 24, 7-16.
Niemi, R., & Sobieszek, B. (1977). Political socialization. Annual Review of Sociology, 3, 209-233.
Norris, P. (2002). Democratic phoenix: Reinventing political activism. New York: Cambridge University Press.
O’ Toole, T., Lister, M., Marsh, D., Jones, S., & McDonagh, A. (2003). Tuning out or left out? Participation and non-partiicpation among young people. Contemporary Politics, 9, 45-61.
Paes, J. M. (2006). As múltiplas ‘caras’ da cidadania. Em L. R. Castro & J. Correa (Orgs.), Juventude contemporânea: perspectivas nacionais e internacionais (pp. 107-134). Rio de Janeiro: Nau/Faperj.
Parsons, T. (1964). Social structure and personaliy. New York: Free Press.
Percheron, A., & Jennings, M. K. (1981). Political continuities in French families. A new perspective on an old controversy. Comparative Politics, 13, 421-436.
Pleyers, G. (2005). Young people and alter-globalisation: From disillusionment to a new culture of political participation. Em J. Forbrig (Org.), Revisiting youth political participation (pp. 133-144). Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing.
Plutzer, E. (2002). Becoming a habitual voter: Inertia, resources and growth in young adulthood. American Political Science Review, 96, 41-56.
Putnam, R. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. New York: Simon and Schuster.
Rancière, J (2007). On the shores of politics. Londres: Verso.
Schmidt, J.P. (2000). Juventude e política nos anos 90: um estudo de socialização política. Tese de Doutorado, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre.
Sears, D., & Levy, S. (2003). Childhood and adult political development. Em D. Sears, L. Huddy & R. Jervis (Orgs.), Oxford handbook of political socialization (pp. 60-109). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Silveira, A., & Amorim, M.S. (2005). Socialização política e capital social: uma análise da participação da juventude no contexto escolar e político. Educação Unisinos, 9, 155-163.
Stolle, D., & Hooghe, M. (2004). Inaccurate, exceptional, one-sided or irrelevant? The debate about the alleged decline of social capital and civic engagement in Western societies. British Journal of Political Science, 35, 149-167.
Tedin, K. (1974). The influence of parents on the political attitudes of adolescents. American Political Science Review, 68, 1579-1592.
Young, I. M. (2002). Inclusion and democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Welti, C. (2002), Adolescentes in Latin America: Facing the future with skepticism. Em B. Brown, B. Larson, R. & Saraswathi, T. (Orgs.), The world’s youth: Adolescence in eight regions of the globe (pp. 276-306). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
Wrong, D. (1961). The over-socialized conception of man in modern sociology. American Sociological Review, xxvi, 183-193.
Agamben, G. (2005). História e infância: destruição da experiência e origem da história (H. Burigo, Trad.). Belo Horizonte: Editora UFMG. (Trabalho original publicado em 1978)
Alanen, L. (1987). Growing up in the modern family. Re-thinking socialization, the family and childhood. Em K. Ekberg & P. Mjaavatn (Orgs.), Growing into a modern world (pp. 919-945). Trondheim: The Norwegian Centre for Child Research,
Arendt, H. (1986). A condição humana. Rio de Janeiro: Forense.
Baquero, M. (2003). Construindo uma outra sociedade: o capital social na estruturação de uma cultura política participativa no Brasil. Revista de Sociologia Politica, 21, 83-108.
Baquero, M., & Baquero, R. (2007). Educando para a democracia: valores democráticos partilhados por jovens porto-alegrenses. Ciências Sociais em Perspectiva, 6, 139-153.
Berger, P., & Luckmann, T. (1961). The social construction of reality: A treatise in the sociology of knowledge. New York: Doubleday.
Bignotto, N. (2002). Entre o público e o privado: aspectos do debate ético contemporâneo. Em I. Domingues, P. R. Margutti-Pinto & R. Duarte (Orgs.), Ética, política e cultura (pp. 281-298). Belo Horizonte: Editora UFMG.
Buckingham, D. (2000). The making of citizens: Young people, news & politics. Londres: Routledge.
Castro, L. R. (2001). Da invisibilidade à ação: crianças e jovens na construção da cultura. Em L. R. Castro (Org.), Crianças e jovens na construção da cultura (pp. 19-46). Rio de Janeiro: Nau/Faperj.
Castro, L. R. (2004). A aventura urbana. Rio de Janeiro: 7 Letras/Faperj.
Castro, L. R. (2006). Admirável mundo novo: a cadeia das gerações e as transformações do contemporâneo. Em D. Dalbosco, D. Colinvaux & L. Banks (Orgs.), Psicologia do desenvolvimento: reflexões e práticas atuais (pp. 249-268). São Paulo: Casa do Psicólogo.
Cavarero, A. (1992). Equality and sexual difference: Amnesia in political thought. Em G. Bock & S. James (Orgs.), Beyond citizenship equality & feminist politics: Difference female subjectivity (pp. 32-47). Londres: Routledge.
Dawson, R., & Prewitt, K. (1969). Political socialization. Boston: Little, Brown & Co.
Dekker, H. (1996). Democratic citizen competence: Political-psychological and political socialization research perspectives. Em R. Farnen (Org.), Democracy, socialization and conflicting loyalties in East and West: Cross-national and comparative perspectives (pp. 386-410). New York: St Martin’s Press.
Dews, P. (1996). Adorno, pós-estruturalismo e a crítica da identidade. Em S. Zizek (Org.), Um mapa da ideologia (pp. 51-70). Rio de Janeiro: Contraponto.
Döbert, R., Habermas, J., & Nunner- Winkler, G. (1987). The development of the self. Em J. M. Broughton (Org.), Critical theories of psychological development (pp. 275-299). New York: Plenum Press.
Dubet, F., & Martucelli, D. (1997). A socialização e a formação escolar. Lua Nova, 40/41, 242-266.
Eagleton, T. (2000). The idea of culture. Londres: Sage.
Easton, D. (1968). The theoretical relevance of political socialization. Canadian Journal of Political Science, 1, 125-146.
Easton, D., & Dennis, J. (1969). Children in the political system. New York: McGraw Hill.
Easton, D., & Hess, R. (1962). The child’s political world. Midwest Journal of Political Science, 6, 229-246.
Ehman, L. (1980). The American school in the political socialization process. Review of Educational Research, 50, 99-119.
Fendrich, J., & Turner, R. (1989). The transition from student to adult politics. Social Forces, 67, 1049-1057.
Finchilescu, G. & Dawes, A. (1998). Catapulted into democracy: South African adolescents’ sociopolitical orientations following rapid social change. Journal of Social Issues, 54, 563-583.
Flanagan, C., & Sherrod, L. (1998). Youth political development: An introduction. Journal of Social Issues, 54, 447-456.
Greenstein, F. (1965). Children and politics. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Habermas, J. (1984). The theory of communicative action. Cambridge: Polity.
Hess, R., & Torney, J. (1967). The development of political attitudes in children. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
Holloway, J. (2005). Change the World without taking power: The meaning of revolution today. Londres: Pluto Press.
Honig, B. (1993). Political theory and the displacement of politics. New York: Cornell University Press.
Hyman, H. H. (1959). Political socialization. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
Ichilov, O. (1990). Political socialization, citizenship education and democracy. New York: Teachers College Press.
Ion, J., & Ravon, B. (1998). Causes publiques, affranchissement des appartenances et engagement personnel. Lien Social et Politiques-RIAC, 39, 59-71.
Jahoda, M. (1996). Socialização. Em W. Outhwaite & T. Bottomore (Orgs.), Dicionário do pensamento social do século XX (pp. 710-712). Rio de Janeiro: Zahar.
James, S. (1992). The good-enough citizen: Citizenship and independence. Em G. Bock & S. James (Orgs.), Beyond citizenship equality & feminist politics: Difference female subjectivity (pp. 48-65). Londres: Routledge.
Jennings, M. K., & Niemi, R. (1968). The transmission of political values from parent to child. American Political Science Review, 62, 169-184.
Jennings, M. K., Stoker, L., & Bowers, J. (1999). Politics across generations: Family transmission reexamined [relatório 2001-15]. Berkeley: Institute of Governmental Studies.
Krampen, G. (2000). Transition of adolescent political action orientations to voting behavior in early adulthood in view of a social-cognitive action theory model of personality. Political Psychology, 21, 277-297.
Laclau, E. (1994). Introduction. Em Laclau, E. (Org.), The making of political identities (pp. 1-10). Londres: Verso.
Lucas, J. I. P. (2003). Juventude e antipolítica no Brasil: um estudo de cultura política e ideologia. Tese de Doutorado, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre..
Machado, M. (1979). Ciência política e socialização política nos Estados Unidos. Revista Dados, 22, 65-73.
Monteiro, M. (2008). Convivência e participação: fios e desafios da educação na contemporaneidade. Uma experiência no cotidiano de uma escola pública da Baixada Fluminense. Tese de Doutorado, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro.
Morss, J. (1996). Growing critical. Alternatives to developmental psychology. Londres: Routledge.
Mouffe, C. (1993). The return of the political. Londres: Verso.
Mouffe, C. (2005). On the political. Londres: Routledge.
Nazzari, R. K. (2005). Capital social e socialização política dos jovens no Brasil. Educação Unisinos, 9, 145-154.
Niemi, R., & Hepburn, M. (1995). The rebirth of political socialization. Perspectives on Political Science, 24, 7-16.
Niemi, R., & Sobieszek, B. (1977). Political socialization. Annual Review of Sociology, 3, 209-233.
Norris, P. (2002). Democratic phoenix: Reinventing political activism. New York: Cambridge University Press.
O’ Toole, T., Lister, M., Marsh, D., Jones, S., & McDonagh, A. (2003). Tuning out or left out? Participation and non-partiicpation among young people. Contemporary Politics, 9, 45-61.
Paes, J. M. (2006). As múltiplas ‘caras’ da cidadania. Em L. R. Castro & J. Correa (Orgs.), Juventude contemporânea: perspectivas nacionais e internacionais (pp. 107-134). Rio de Janeiro: Nau/Faperj.
Parsons, T. (1964). Social structure and personaliy. New York: Free Press.
Percheron, A., & Jennings, M. K. (1981). Political continuities in French families. A new perspective on an old controversy. Comparative Politics, 13, 421-436.
Pleyers, G. (2005). Young people and alter-globalisation: From disillusionment to a new culture of political participation. Em J. Forbrig (Org.), Revisiting youth political participation (pp. 133-144). Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing.
Plutzer, E. (2002). Becoming a habitual voter: Inertia, resources and growth in young adulthood. American Political Science Review, 96, 41-56.
Putnam, R. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. New York: Simon and Schuster.
Rancière, J (2007). On the shores of politics. Londres: Verso.
Schmidt, J.P. (2000). Juventude e política nos anos 90: um estudo de socialização política. Tese de Doutorado, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre.
Sears, D., & Levy, S. (2003). Childhood and adult political development. Em D. Sears, L. Huddy & R. Jervis (Orgs.), Oxford handbook of political socialization (pp. 60-109). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Silveira, A., & Amorim, M.S. (2005). Socialização política e capital social: uma análise da participação da juventude no contexto escolar e político. Educação Unisinos, 9, 155-163.
Stolle, D., & Hooghe, M. (2004). Inaccurate, exceptional, one-sided or irrelevant? The debate about the alleged decline of social capital and civic engagement in Western societies. British Journal of Political Science, 35, 149-167.
Tedin, K. (1974). The influence of parents on the political attitudes of adolescents. American Political Science Review, 68, 1579-1592.
Young, I. M. (2002). Inclusion and democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Welti, C. (2002), Adolescentes in Latin America: Facing the future with skepticism. Em B. Brown, B. Larson, R. & Saraswathi, T. (Orgs.), The world’s youth: Adolescence in eight regions of the globe (pp. 276-306). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
Wrong, D. (1961). The over-socialized conception of man in modern sociology. American Sociological Review, xxvi, 183-193.
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Published
2010-02-09
How to Cite
de Castro, L. R. (2010). Youth and Political Socialization:: Up-Dating the Debate. Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 25(4), 479. Retrieved from https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/revistaptp/article/view/17434
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Revisão da Literatura
