QUALITY AND INTENSITY OF AFFECT AS DETERMINANTS OF THE MEMORY OF EVERYDAY EVENTS
Abstract
The effect of quality (pleasantness/unpleasantness) and
intensity of affect on the recall of everyday events was investigated using a version of the diary method. Subjects recorded 15 unique events
recently experienced and were tested after a short (7 days) or long (15
days) period for recall. They were also asked to rate each event on
several dimensions, including pleasantness/unplesantness and to
estimate how well it was remembered. Results show that, in both delay
conditions, memory ratings, rehearsal ratings, and recall performance
increased with the intensity of affect, but did not depend on the pleasant or
unpleasant character of experiences. The subject's belief that events
which elicit strong emotional reactions or which are personally relevant
are better remembered gives supplementary support to the conclusion
that intense feeling, whether positive or negative, is a basic modulating
influence on autobiographical memory.
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References
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(Orgs.). Memory: a cognitive approach.. Philadelphia: Open University Press.
Colgrove, F. W. (1899). Individual memories. American Journal of Psychology, 10,
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Gold, P. E. (1986). Glucose modulation of memory storage processes. Behavioral and
Neural Biology, 45, 342-349.
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incidents. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 107, 85-89.
Holmes, D. S. (1970). Differential change in affective intensity and the forgetting of
unpleasant personal experiences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
15, 234-239.
Izquierdo, I. (1988). Organização, consolidação, construção e reconstrução da
memória. Rio de Janeiro: Editora da UFRJ.
Jersild, A. (1931). Memory for the pleasant as compared with the unpleasant Journal
of Experimental Psychology, 65, 190-193.
Kreitler, H., & Kreitler, S. (1968). Unhappy memories of "the happy past": studies in
cognitive dissonance. British Journal of Psychology, 59, 157-166.
Lishman, W. A. (1974). The speed of recall of pleasant and unpleasant experiences.
Psychological Medicine, 4, 212-218.
Menzies, R. (1935). The comparative memory values of pleasant, unpleasant and
indifferent experiences. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 267-279.
McCloskey, M., Wible, С. G., & Cohen, N. J. (1988). Is there any special flashbulbmemory
mechanism? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 117,
171-181.
Neisser, U. (1982). Snapshots or benchmarks? Em U. Neisser (Org.). Memory
observed: remembering in natural contexts. San Francisco: Freeman.
Pillemer, D. B. (1984). Flashbulb memories of the assassination attempts on President
Reagan. Cognition, 16, 63-80.
Rappaport, D. (1942). Emotions and memory. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.
Robinson, J. A. (1980). Affect and retrieval of personal memories. Motivation and
Emotion, 4, 149-174.
Rubin, D. C, & Kozin, M. (1984). Vivid memories. Cognition, 16, 81-95.
Sharp, A. A. (1938). An experimental test of Freud's doctrine of the relation of hedonic
tone to memory revival. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 22, 395-418.
Thompson, С. Р. (1985). Memory for unique personal events: effects of pleasantness,
Motivation and Emotion, 9, 277-289.
Turner, R. H., & Barlow, J. A. (1951). Memory for pleasant and unpleasant
experiences: some methodological considerations. Journal of Experimental
Psychology, 42, 189.196.
Waters, R. H., & Leeper, R. (1936). The relation of affective tone to the relation of
experiences of daily life. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 19, 203-215.
Therapy, 25, 443-455.
Bower, G. H., & Gilligan, S. G. (1979). Remembering information related to one's self.
Journal of Research in Personality, 13, 420-432.
Bower, G. H. Monteiro, К. Р., & Gilligan, S. G. (1978). Emotional mood as a context of
learning and recall. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 17, 573-585.
Brown, R., & Kulik, J. (1977). Flashbulb memories. Cognition, 5, 73-99.
Christianson, S.-V. (1989). Flashbulb memories: Special, but not so special. Memory
and Cognition, 17, 435-443.
Cohen, G. (1986). Everyday memory. Em G. Cohen, M. W. Eysenck, & M. E. Le Voi
(Orgs.). Memory: a cognitive approach.. Philadelphia: Open University Press.
Colgrove, F. W. (1899). Individual memories. American Journal of Psychology, 10,
228-255.
Gold, P. E. (1986). Glucose modulation of memory storage processes. Behavioral and
Neural Biology, 45, 342-349.
Hanawalt, N. G., & Gebhardt, L. J. (1965). Childhood memories of single and recurrent
incidents. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 107, 85-89.
Holmes, D. S. (1970). Differential change in affective intensity and the forgetting of
unpleasant personal experiences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
15, 234-239.
Izquierdo, I. (1988). Organização, consolidação, construção e reconstrução da
memória. Rio de Janeiro: Editora da UFRJ.
Jersild, A. (1931). Memory for the pleasant as compared with the unpleasant Journal
of Experimental Psychology, 65, 190-193.
Kreitler, H., & Kreitler, S. (1968). Unhappy memories of "the happy past": studies in
cognitive dissonance. British Journal of Psychology, 59, 157-166.
Lishman, W. A. (1974). The speed of recall of pleasant and unpleasant experiences.
Psychological Medicine, 4, 212-218.
Menzies, R. (1935). The comparative memory values of pleasant, unpleasant and
indifferent experiences. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 267-279.
McCloskey, M., Wible, С. G., & Cohen, N. J. (1988). Is there any special flashbulbmemory
mechanism? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 117,
171-181.
Neisser, U. (1982). Snapshots or benchmarks? Em U. Neisser (Org.). Memory
observed: remembering in natural contexts. San Francisco: Freeman.
Pillemer, D. B. (1984). Flashbulb memories of the assassination attempts on President
Reagan. Cognition, 16, 63-80.
Rappaport, D. (1942). Emotions and memory. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.
Robinson, J. A. (1980). Affect and retrieval of personal memories. Motivation and
Emotion, 4, 149-174.
Rubin, D. C, & Kozin, M. (1984). Vivid memories. Cognition, 16, 81-95.
Sharp, A. A. (1938). An experimental test of Freud's doctrine of the relation of hedonic
tone to memory revival. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 22, 395-418.
Thompson, С. Р. (1985). Memory for unique personal events: effects of pleasantness,
Motivation and Emotion, 9, 277-289.
Turner, R. H., & Barlow, J. A. (1951). Memory for pleasant and unpleasant
experiences: some methodological considerations. Journal of Experimental
Psychology, 42, 189.196.
Waters, R. H., & Leeper, R. (1936). The relation of affective tone to the relation of
experiences of daily life. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 19, 203-215.
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Published
2012-08-15
How to Cite
Ades, C., Botelho, A., Seixas Duarte, C., Munhoz Teixeira, M., Eugênia Arruk, M., Cardoso de Melo, P., & Gazire, P. (2012). QUALITY AND INTENSITY OF AFFECT AS DETERMINANTS OF THE MEMORY OF EVERYDAY EVENTS. Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 6(2), 111–123. Retrieved from https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/revistaptp/article/view/17088
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