Efeito da Meditação Focada no Estresse e Mindfulness Disposicional em Universitários
Palavras-chave:
meditação; estresse; mindfulness; universitáriosResumo
Intervenções meditativas têm sido utilizadas nas universidades para reduzir estresse. Este trabalho objetivou investigar o efeito de um treino de meditação focada de seis semanas no estresse (utilizando o Inventário de Sintomas de Estresse da Lipp) e mindfulness disposicional (utilizando o Questionário das Cinco Facetas de Mindfulness versão Brasileira) em universitários. Um ensaio controlado não randomizado comparou um grupo experimental e um grupo de lista de espera antes e após a intervenção. Apenas o grupo experimental reduziu a presença de estresse nas fases resistência, quase-exaustão e geral. Apresentou, ainda, aumento significativo de mindfulness nas facetas descrever, não reagir e no escore total. Conclui-se que treinos meditativos podem configurar uma alternativa para intervenções visando ao manejo de estresse e aprimoramento de habilidades de mindfulness nas universidades.
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Referências
Aguiar, S. M., Vieira, A. P. G. F., Vieira, K. M. F., Aguiar, S. M., & Nóbrega, J. O. (2009). Prevalência de sintomas de estresse nos estudantes de medicina. Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria 58(1), 34-38. [ Links ]
Associação Nacional de Empresas de Pesquisa. (2010). Critério de classificação econômica do Brasil. São Paulo. Recuperado de http://www.anep.org.br/codigosguias/CCEB.pdf [ Links ]
Baer, R. A., Carmody, J., & Hunsinger, M. (2012). Weekly change in mindfulness and perceived stress in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68(7), 755-765. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.21865 [ Links ]
Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Lykins, E., Button, D., Krietemeyer, J., Sauer, S., Walsh, E., … Williams, J. M. (2008). Construct validity of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire in Meditating and Nonmeditating Samples. Assessment, 15, 329-342. doi: 10.1177/1073191107313003 [ Links ]
Barros, V. V. D., Kozasa, E. H., Souza, I. C. W. D., & Ronzani, T. M. (2014). Validity evidence of the brazilian version of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, 30(3), 317-327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-37722014000300009 [ Links ]
Beiter, R., Nash, R., McCrady, M., Rhoades, D., Linscomb, M., Clarahan, M., & Sammut, S. (2015). The prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety, and stress in a sample of college students. Journal of Affective Disorders, 173, 90-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.10.054 [ Links ]
Bruin, E. I., Meppelink, R., & Bögels, S. M. de (2015). Mindfulness in higher education: Awareness and attention in university students increase during and after participation in a mindfulness curriculum course. Mindfulness, 6(5), 1137-1142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-014-0364-5 [ Links ]
Carmody, J., & Baer, R. A. (2008). Relationships between mindfulness practice and levels of mindfulness, medical and psychological symptoms and well-being in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 31(1), 23-33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-007-9130-7 [ Links ]
Cerchiari, E. A. N. (2004). Saúde mental e qualidade de vida em estudantes universitários (Tese de doutorado não publicada). Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Campinas, SP. Recuperado de http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/313371 [ Links ]
Dahl, C. J., Lutz, A., & Davidson, R. J. (2015). Reconstructing and deconstructing the self: Cognitive mechanisms in meditation practice. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 19(9), 515-523. [ Links ]
Edwards, L. J. (2000). Modern statistical techniques for the analysis of longitudinal data in biomedical research. Pediatric Pulmonology, 30(4), 330-344. [ Links ]
Fan, Y., Tang, Y., & Posner, M. (2014). Cortisol level modulated by integrative meditation in a dose-dependent fashion. Stress Health, 30(1), 65-70. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2497 [ Links ]
Goldberg, S. B., Wielgosz, J., Dahl, C., Schuyler, B., MacCoon, D. S., Rosenkranz, M., … Davidson, R. J. (2015). Does the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire measure what we think it does? Construct validity evidence from an active controlled randomized clinical trial. Psychological Assessment, 28, 1009-1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pas0000233 [ Links ]
Goyal, M., Singh, S., Sibinga, E., Gould, N., Rowland-Seymour, A., Sharma, R., Berger, Z., … Haythornthwaite, J. (2014). Meditation programs for psychological stress and well-being: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Internal Medicine, 174(3), 357-368. [ Links ]
Greeson, J. M., Juberg, M. K., Maytan, M., James, K., & Rogers, H. (2014). A randomized controlled trial of koru: A mindfulness program for college students and other emerging adults. Journal of American College Health, 62(4), 222-233. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2014.887571 [ Links ]
Guendelman, S., Medeiros, S., & Rampes, H. (2017). Mindfulness and emotion regulation: Insights from neurobiological, psychological, and clinical studies. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00220 [ Links ]
Heffner, K. L., Crean, H. F., & Kemp, J. E. (2016). Meditation programs for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: Aggregate findings from a multi-site evaluation. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 8(3), 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/tra0000106 [ Links ]
Hölzel, B. K., Carmody, J., Evans, K. C., Hoge, E. A., Dusek, J. A., Morgan, L., ... Lazar, S. W. (2009). Stress reduction correlates with structural changes in the amygdala. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 5(1), 11-17. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsp034 [ Links ]
Jain, S., Shapiro, S. L., Swanick, S., Roesch, S., Mills, P., Bell, I., & Schwartz, G. (2007). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness meditation versus relaxation training: Effects on distress, positive states of mind, rumination, and distraction. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 33(1), 12-21. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15324796abm33 [ Links ]
Keller, A., Litzelman, K., Wisk, L. E., Maddox, T., Cheng, E. R., Creswell, P. D., & Witt, W. P. (2012). Does the perception that stress affects health matter? The association with health and mortality. Health Psychology, 31(5), 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0026743 [ Links ]
Khoury, B., Lecomte, T., Fortin, G., Masse, M., Therien, P., Bouchard, V., ... Hofmann, S. G. (2013). Mindfulness -based therapy: a comprehensive meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 33(6), 763-771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2013.05.005 [ Links ]
Lipp, M. N. (2005). Manual do inventário de sintomas de stress para adultos de Lipp (ISSL). Casa do Psicólogo, São Paulo. [ Links ]
Lipp, M. N., & Malagris, L. N. (2001). O stress emocional e seu tratamento. Bernard Range. Artes Médicas, São Paulo. [ Links ]
Lutz, J., Herwig, U., Opialla, S., Hittmeyer, A., Jäncke, L., Rufer, M., ... Brühl, A. B. (2013). Mindfulness and emotion regulation - An fMRI study. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 9(6), 776-785. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nst043 [ Links ]
Mari, J. J., & Williams, P. (1986). A validity study of a psychiatric screening questionnaire (SRQ-20) in primary care in the city of São Paulo. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 23-26. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.148.1.23 [ Links ]
Menezes, C. B., & Bizarro, L. (2015). Effects of focused meditation on difficulties in emotion regulation and trait anxiety. Psychology & Neuroscience, 8(3), 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pne0000015 [ Links ]
Menezes, C. B., Couto, M. C., Buratto, L. G., Erthal, F., Pereira, M. G., & Bizarro, L. (2013). The improvement of emotion and attention regulation after a 6-week training of focused meditation: A randomized controlled trial. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013,1-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/984678 [ Links ]
Menezes, C. B., Fiorentin, B., & Araujo, L. B. (2012). Meditação na universidade: A motivação de alunos da UFRGS para aprender meditação. Psicologia Escolar e Educacional, 16(2), 309-315. [ Links ]
Neves, M. C. C., & Dalgalarrondo, P. (2007). Transtornos mentais auto-referidos em estudantes universitários. Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria, 56(4), 237-244. Recuperado de http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/21496 [ Links ]
Oman, D., Shapiro, S. L., Thoresen, C. E., Plante, T. G., & Flinders, T. (2008). Meditation lowers stress and supports forgiveness among college students: A randomized controlled trial. Jounal of American College Health, 56(5), 569-578. https://doi.org/10.3200/JACH.56.5.569-578 [ Links ]
Paulino, C., Prezotto, A., Frias, A., Bataglia, P., & Aprile, M. (2010). Sintomas de estresse e tontura em estudantes de pós-graduação. Revista Equilíbrio Corporal e Saúde ., 2(1), 15-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/2176-9524.2010v2n1p%25p [ Links ]
Regehr, C., Glancy, D., & Pitts, A. (2013). Interventions to reduce stress in university students: A review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 148, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2012.11.026 [ Links ]
Santos, A. F., & Alves Júnior, A. (2007). Estresse e estratégias de enfrentamento em mestrandos de ciências da saúde. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 20(1), 104-113. [ Links ]
Shapiro, S. L., Brown, K. W., Thoresen, C., & Plante, T. G. (2011). The moderation of mindfulness-based stress reduction effects by trait mindfulness: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 67(3), 267-277. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20761 [ Links ]
Shearer, A., Hunt, M., Chowdhury, M., & Nicol, L. (2016). Effects of a brief mindfulness meditation intervention on student stress and heart rate variability. International Journal of Stress Management, 23(2), 232. [ Links ]
Soler, J., Cebolla, A., Feliu-Soler, A., Demarzo, M. M., Pascual, J. C., Baños, R., & García-Campayo, J. (2014). Relationship between meditative practice and self-reported mindfulness: The MINDSENS composite index. PloS one, 9(1), e86622. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086622 [ Links ]
Tang, Y. Y., Hölzel, B. K., & Posner, M. I. (2015). The neuroscience of mindfulness meditation. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 16(4), 213-225. doi:10.1038/nrn3916 [ Links ]
Associação Nacional de Empresas de Pesquisa. (2010). Critério de classificação econômica do Brasil. São Paulo. Recuperado de http://www.anep.org.br/codigosguias/CCEB.pdf [ Links ]
Baer, R. A., Carmody, J., & Hunsinger, M. (2012). Weekly change in mindfulness and perceived stress in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68(7), 755-765. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.21865 [ Links ]
Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Lykins, E., Button, D., Krietemeyer, J., Sauer, S., Walsh, E., … Williams, J. M. (2008). Construct validity of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire in Meditating and Nonmeditating Samples. Assessment, 15, 329-342. doi: 10.1177/1073191107313003 [ Links ]
Barros, V. V. D., Kozasa, E. H., Souza, I. C. W. D., & Ronzani, T. M. (2014). Validity evidence of the brazilian version of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, 30(3), 317-327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-37722014000300009 [ Links ]
Beiter, R., Nash, R., McCrady, M., Rhoades, D., Linscomb, M., Clarahan, M., & Sammut, S. (2015). The prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety, and stress in a sample of college students. Journal of Affective Disorders, 173, 90-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.10.054 [ Links ]
Bruin, E. I., Meppelink, R., & Bögels, S. M. de (2015). Mindfulness in higher education: Awareness and attention in university students increase during and after participation in a mindfulness curriculum course. Mindfulness, 6(5), 1137-1142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-014-0364-5 [ Links ]
Carmody, J., & Baer, R. A. (2008). Relationships between mindfulness practice and levels of mindfulness, medical and psychological symptoms and well-being in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 31(1), 23-33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-007-9130-7 [ Links ]
Cerchiari, E. A. N. (2004). Saúde mental e qualidade de vida em estudantes universitários (Tese de doutorado não publicada). Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Campinas, SP. Recuperado de http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/313371 [ Links ]
Dahl, C. J., Lutz, A., & Davidson, R. J. (2015). Reconstructing and deconstructing the self: Cognitive mechanisms in meditation practice. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 19(9), 515-523. [ Links ]
Edwards, L. J. (2000). Modern statistical techniques for the analysis of longitudinal data in biomedical research. Pediatric Pulmonology, 30(4), 330-344. [ Links ]
Fan, Y., Tang, Y., & Posner, M. (2014). Cortisol level modulated by integrative meditation in a dose-dependent fashion. Stress Health, 30(1), 65-70. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2497 [ Links ]
Goldberg, S. B., Wielgosz, J., Dahl, C., Schuyler, B., MacCoon, D. S., Rosenkranz, M., … Davidson, R. J. (2015). Does the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire measure what we think it does? Construct validity evidence from an active controlled randomized clinical trial. Psychological Assessment, 28, 1009-1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pas0000233 [ Links ]
Goyal, M., Singh, S., Sibinga, E., Gould, N., Rowland-Seymour, A., Sharma, R., Berger, Z., … Haythornthwaite, J. (2014). Meditation programs for psychological stress and well-being: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Internal Medicine, 174(3), 357-368. [ Links ]
Greeson, J. M., Juberg, M. K., Maytan, M., James, K., & Rogers, H. (2014). A randomized controlled trial of koru: A mindfulness program for college students and other emerging adults. Journal of American College Health, 62(4), 222-233. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2014.887571 [ Links ]
Guendelman, S., Medeiros, S., & Rampes, H. (2017). Mindfulness and emotion regulation: Insights from neurobiological, psychological, and clinical studies. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00220 [ Links ]
Heffner, K. L., Crean, H. F., & Kemp, J. E. (2016). Meditation programs for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: Aggregate findings from a multi-site evaluation. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 8(3), 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/tra0000106 [ Links ]
Hölzel, B. K., Carmody, J., Evans, K. C., Hoge, E. A., Dusek, J. A., Morgan, L., ... Lazar, S. W. (2009). Stress reduction correlates with structural changes in the amygdala. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 5(1), 11-17. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsp034 [ Links ]
Jain, S., Shapiro, S. L., Swanick, S., Roesch, S., Mills, P., Bell, I., & Schwartz, G. (2007). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness meditation versus relaxation training: Effects on distress, positive states of mind, rumination, and distraction. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 33(1), 12-21. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15324796abm33 [ Links ]
Keller, A., Litzelman, K., Wisk, L. E., Maddox, T., Cheng, E. R., Creswell, P. D., & Witt, W. P. (2012). Does the perception that stress affects health matter? The association with health and mortality. Health Psychology, 31(5), 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0026743 [ Links ]
Khoury, B., Lecomte, T., Fortin, G., Masse, M., Therien, P., Bouchard, V., ... Hofmann, S. G. (2013). Mindfulness -based therapy: a comprehensive meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 33(6), 763-771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2013.05.005 [ Links ]
Lipp, M. N. (2005). Manual do inventário de sintomas de stress para adultos de Lipp (ISSL). Casa do Psicólogo, São Paulo. [ Links ]
Lipp, M. N., & Malagris, L. N. (2001). O stress emocional e seu tratamento. Bernard Range. Artes Médicas, São Paulo. [ Links ]
Lutz, J., Herwig, U., Opialla, S., Hittmeyer, A., Jäncke, L., Rufer, M., ... Brühl, A. B. (2013). Mindfulness and emotion regulation - An fMRI study. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 9(6), 776-785. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nst043 [ Links ]
Mari, J. J., & Williams, P. (1986). A validity study of a psychiatric screening questionnaire (SRQ-20) in primary care in the city of São Paulo. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 23-26. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.148.1.23 [ Links ]
Menezes, C. B., & Bizarro, L. (2015). Effects of focused meditation on difficulties in emotion regulation and trait anxiety. Psychology & Neuroscience, 8(3), 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pne0000015 [ Links ]
Menezes, C. B., Couto, M. C., Buratto, L. G., Erthal, F., Pereira, M. G., & Bizarro, L. (2013). The improvement of emotion and attention regulation after a 6-week training of focused meditation: A randomized controlled trial. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013,1-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/984678 [ Links ]
Menezes, C. B., Fiorentin, B., & Araujo, L. B. (2012). Meditação na universidade: A motivação de alunos da UFRGS para aprender meditação. Psicologia Escolar e Educacional, 16(2), 309-315. [ Links ]
Neves, M. C. C., & Dalgalarrondo, P. (2007). Transtornos mentais auto-referidos em estudantes universitários. Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria, 56(4), 237-244. Recuperado de http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/21496 [ Links ]
Oman, D., Shapiro, S. L., Thoresen, C. E., Plante, T. G., & Flinders, T. (2008). Meditation lowers stress and supports forgiveness among college students: A randomized controlled trial. Jounal of American College Health, 56(5), 569-578. https://doi.org/10.3200/JACH.56.5.569-578 [ Links ]
Paulino, C., Prezotto, A., Frias, A., Bataglia, P., & Aprile, M. (2010). Sintomas de estresse e tontura em estudantes de pós-graduação. Revista Equilíbrio Corporal e Saúde ., 2(1), 15-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/2176-9524.2010v2n1p%25p [ Links ]
Regehr, C., Glancy, D., & Pitts, A. (2013). Interventions to reduce stress in university students: A review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 148, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2012.11.026 [ Links ]
Santos, A. F., & Alves Júnior, A. (2007). Estresse e estratégias de enfrentamento em mestrandos de ciências da saúde. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 20(1), 104-113. [ Links ]
Shapiro, S. L., Brown, K. W., Thoresen, C., & Plante, T. G. (2011). The moderation of mindfulness-based stress reduction effects by trait mindfulness: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 67(3), 267-277. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20761 [ Links ]
Shearer, A., Hunt, M., Chowdhury, M., & Nicol, L. (2016). Effects of a brief mindfulness meditation intervention on student stress and heart rate variability. International Journal of Stress Management, 23(2), 232. [ Links ]
Soler, J., Cebolla, A., Feliu-Soler, A., Demarzo, M. M., Pascual, J. C., Baños, R., & García-Campayo, J. (2014). Relationship between meditative practice and self-reported mindfulness: The MINDSENS composite index. PloS one, 9(1), e86622. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086622 [ Links ]
Tang, Y. Y., Hölzel, B. K., & Posner, M. I. (2015). The neuroscience of mindfulness meditation. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 16(4), 213-225. doi:10.1038/nrn3916 [ Links ]
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2019-10-24
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Xavier Carpena, M. ., & Baptista Menezes, C. . (2019). Efeito da Meditação Focada no Estresse e Mindfulness Disposicional em Universitários. Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 34. Recuperado de https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/revistaptp/article/view/27911
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