Controle Psicológico Materno e Problemas Internalizantes em Pré-Escolares
Palavras-chave:
Problemas internalizantes, Controle materno, Desenvolvimento infantil, Internalizing problems, Maternal control, Child developmentResumo
O estudo verificou as relações entre o controle psicológico e o controle comportamental materno e os problemas internalizantes de crianças entre três e cinco anos. Participaram 103 mães que responderam ao CBCL e à Entrevista Estruturada sobre Práticas Educativas Parentais e Socialização Infantil. As síndromes ansiedade/depressão e retraimento, que compõem a escala de problemas internalizantes, estiveram positivamente correlacionadas ao controle crítico, que constitui uma das dimensões do controle psicológico. O controle crítico materno pode restringir o desenvolvimento socioemocional da criança e seu acesso a reforçadores em contextos sociais, contribuindo, assim, para o surgimento do retraimento e, consequentemente, de sintomas de ansiedade/depressão. Discute-se ainda a relevância de outras variáveis para compreensão dos problemas internalizantes, como as práticas de socialização emocional.
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Referências
Achenbach, T. M. (1966). The classification of children’s psychiatric
symptoms: a factor-analytic study. Psychological Monographs:
General and Applied, 80(7), 1-37. doi:10.1037/h0093906
Achenbach, T. M., & Edelbrock, C. S. (1978). The classification
of child psychopathology: a review and analysis of
empirical efforts. Psychological Bulletin, 85(6), 1275-1301.
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.85.6.1275
Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2000). Manual for the ASEBA
Preschool Forms & Profiles. Burlington, VT: University of
Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families.
Alvarenga, P. (2000). Práticas educativas maternas e problemas
de comportamento na infância. (Unpublished master´s thesis)
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre.
Anselmi, L., Piccinini, C. A., Barros, F. C., & Lopes, R. S. (2004).
Psychosocial determinants of behaviour problems in Brazilian
preschool children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,
45(4), 779-788. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00271.x
Barber, B. K. (1996). Parental psychological control: Revisiting a
neglected construct. Child Development, 67(6), 3296-3319.
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01915.x
Bayer, J. K., Hastings, P. D., Sanson, A. V, Ukoumunne, O., &
Rubin, K. H. (2010). Predicting mid-childhood symptoms:
a longitudinal community study. International Journal of
Mental Health Promotion, 12(1), 16-28. doi:10.1080/14623
730.2010.9721802
Bayer, J. K., Sanson, A. V, & Hemphill, S. A. (2006). Parent
influences on early childhood internalizing difficulties. Journal
of Applied Developmental Psychology, 27(6), 542-559.
doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2006.08.002
Bayer, J. K., Sanson, A. V, & Hemphill, S. A. (2009). Early
childhood aetiology of internalising difficulties: a longitudinal
community study. International Journal of Mental Health
Promotion, 11(1), 22-32. doi:10.1080/14623730.2009.9721777
Caron, A., Weiss, B., Harris, V., & Catron, T. (2006). Parenting
behavior dimensions and child psychopathology: specificity,
task dependency, and interactive relations. Journal of Clinical
Child and Adolescent Psychology, 35(1), 34-45. doi:10.1207/
s15374424jccp3501_4
Cova, F., Maganto, C., & Melipillán, R. (2005). Género, adversidad
familiar y síntomas emocionales en preadolescentes.
Psykhe (Santiago), 14(1), 227-232. doi:10.4067/S0718-
22282005000100017
Coyne, L. W., & Thompson, A. D. (2011). Maternal depression,
locus of control, and emotion regulatory strategy as predictors
of preschoolers’ internalizing problems. Journal of Child and
Family Studies, 20(6), 873-883. doi:10.1007/s10826-011-
9455-2
Crawford, T. N., Cohen, P., Midlarsky, E., & Brook, J. S. (2001).
Internalizing symptoms in adolescents: gender differences
in vulnerability to parental distress and discord. Journal of
Research on Adolescence, 11(1), 95-118. doi:10.1111/1532-
7795.00005
Darling, N., & Steinberg, L. (1993). Parenting style as context: an
integrative model. Psychological Bulletin, 113(3), 487-496.
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.113.3.487
Feng, X., Shaw, D., & Moilanen, K. L. (2011). Parental negative
control moderates the shyness-emotion regulation pathway to
school-age internalizing symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Child
Psychology, 39(3), 425-436. doi:10.1007/s10802-010-9469-z
Feng, X., Shaw, D., & Silk, J. (2008). Developmental trajectories
of anxiety symptoms among boys across early and middle
childhood. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117(1), 32-47.
doi:10.1037/0021-843X.117.1.32
Findlay, L. C., Coplan, R. J., & Bowker, A. B. (2009). Keeping
it all inside: shyness, internalizing coping strategies
and socio-emotional adjustment in middle childhood.
International Journal of Behavioral Development, 33(1), 47-
54. doi:10.1177/0165025408098017
Granic, I., & Lamey, A. V. (2002). Combining dynamic systems and
multivariate analyses to compare the mother-child interactions
of externalizing subtypes. Journal of Abnormal Child
Psychology, 30(3), 265-283. doi:0091-0627/02/0600-0265/0
Halgunseth, L. C., Ispa, J. M., & Rudy, D. (2006). Parental control
in Latino families: an integrated review of the literature.
Child Development, 77(5), 1282-1297. doi:10.1111/j.1467-
8624.2006.00934.x
Javo, C., Rønning, J. A., Heyerdahl, S., & Rudmin, F. W. (2004).
Parenting correlates of child behavior problems in a multiethnic
community sample of preschool children in northern Norway.
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 13(1), 8-18.
doi:10.1007/s00787-004-0349-3
Keiley, M. K., Bates, J. E., Dodge, K. A., & Pettit, G. S.
(2000). A cross-domain growth analysis: externalizing
and internalizing behaviors during 8 years of childhood.
Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 28(2), 161-179.
doi:10.1023/A:1005122814723
Keiley, M. K., Lofthouse, N., Bates, J. E., Dodge, K. A., & Pettit, G.
S. (2003). Differential risks of covarying and pure components
in mother and teacher reports of externalizing and internalizing
behavior across ages 5 to 14. Journal of Abnormal Child
Psychology, 31(3), 267-283. doi:10.1023/A:1023277413027
Kovacs, M., & Devlin, B. (1998). Internalizing disorders in
childhood. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39(1),
47-63. doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00303
Lamb, M., Hwang, C. P., Ketterlinus, R. D., & Fracasso, M. P.
(1999). Parent-child relationships: development in context
of the family. In M. H. Bornstein & M. Lamb (Eds.),
Developmental Psychology: an advanced text book (pp. 411-
450). Mahwah/London: LEA.
Leve, L. D., Kim, H. K., & Pears, K. C. (2005). Childhood
temperament and family environment as predictors of
internalizing and externalizing trajectories from ages 5 to
17. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 33(5), 505-520.
doi:10.1007/s10802-005-6734-7
Lins, T., Oliveira, J. M., Palma, E., & Alvarenga, P. (2012).
Entrevista Estruturada sobre Práticas Educativas Parentais
e Socialização Infantil. Manuscrito não publicado.
Marturano, E. M., Toller, G. P., & Elias, L. C. S. (2005). Gênero,
adversidade e problemas socioemocionais associados à queixa
escolar. Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas), 22(4), 371-380.
doi:10.1590/S0103-166X2005000400005
Mathiesen, K. S., Sanson, A. V, Stoolmiller, M., & Karevold, E.
(2009). The nature and predictors of undercontrolled and
internalizing problem trajectories across early childhood.
Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37(2), 209”“222.
doi:10.1007/s10802-008-9268-y
McLeod, B. D., Weisz, J. R., & Wood, J. J. (2007). Examining the
association between parenting and childhood depression: a
meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 27(8), 986-1003.
doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2007.03.001
McLeod, B. D., Wood, J. J., & Weisz, J. R. (2007). Examining
the association between parenting and childhood anxiety: a
meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 27(2), 155-172.
doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2006.09.002
McShane, K. E., & Hastings, P. D. (2009). The New Friends
Vignettes: measuring parental psychological control that
confers risk for anxious adjustment in preschoolers.
International Journal of Behavioral Development, 33(6), 481-
495. doi:10.1177/0165025409103874
Mills, R. S. L., Hastings, P. D., Helm, J., Serbin, L. A., Etezadi,
J., Stack, D. M., … Li, H. H. (2012). Temperamental,
parental, and contextual contributors to early-emerging
internalizing problems: a new integrative analysis approach.
Social Development, 21(2), 229-253. doi:10.1111/j.1467-
9507.2011.00629.x
Mills, R. S. L., & Rubin, K. H. (1998). Are behavioural and
psychological control both differentially associated with
childhood aggression and social withdrawal? Canadian
Journal of Behavioural Science, 30(2), 132-136. doi:10.1037/
h0085803
Oland, A. A., & Shaw, D. (2005). Pure versus co-occurring
externalizing and internalizing symptoms in children: the
potential role of socio-developmental milestones. Clinical
Child and Family Psychology Review, 8(4), 247-270.
doi:10.1007/s10567-005-8808-z
Patterson, G., Reid, J., & Dishion, T. (1992). Positive parenting
and children’s prossocial skills. In G. Patterson, J. Reid, & T.
Dishion (Eds.), Antisocial boys: a Social Interaction Approach
(Vol. 4). Eugene, OR: Castalia Publishing Co.
Peterson, D. R. (1961). Behavior problems of middle childhood.
Journal of Consulting Psychology, 25(3), 205-209. doi:10.1037/
h0038994
Rubin, K. H., Burgess, K. B., & Hastings, P. D. (2002). Stability
and social-behavioral consequences of toddlers’ inhibited
temperament and parenting behaviors. Child Development,
73(2), 483-495. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00419
Sampieri, R. H., Collado, C. F., & Lucio, P. B. (2006). Metodologia
de pesquisa. São Paulo, SP: McGraw-Hill.
Sawyer, M. G., Arney, F. M., Baghurst, P. A., Clark, J. J., Graetz,
B. W., Kosky, R. J., … Zubrick, S. R. (2001). The mental
health of young people in Australia: key findings from the
child and adolescent component of the national survey of
mental health and well-being. The Australian and New Zealand
Journal of Psychiatry, 35(6), 806-814. doi:10.1046/j.1440-
1614.2001.00964.x
Silk, J., Shaw, D., Prout, J., O’Rourke, F., Lane, T., & Kovacs, M.
(2011). Socialization of emotion and offspring internalizing
symptoms in mothers with childhood-onset depression.
Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 32(3), 127-
136. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2011.02.001
Silvares, E. F. M., Rocha, M. M., & Linhares, M. B. M. (2010).
Inventário de Comportamentos de Crianças entre 1 1/2 - 5
anos (CBCL/1½-5). Versão brasileira do “Child Behavior
Checklist for ages 1 ½ -5.” Manuscrito não publicado.
Van der Bruggen, C., Stams, G. J. J. M., Bogels, S. M., &
Paulussen-Hoogeboom, M. C. (2010). Parenting behaviour as
a mediator between young children’s negative emotionality
and their anxiety/depression. Infant and Child Development,
19(4), 354-365. doi:10.1002/icd.665
symptoms: a factor-analytic study. Psychological Monographs:
General and Applied, 80(7), 1-37. doi:10.1037/h0093906
Achenbach, T. M., & Edelbrock, C. S. (1978). The classification
of child psychopathology: a review and analysis of
empirical efforts. Psychological Bulletin, 85(6), 1275-1301.
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.85.6.1275
Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2000). Manual for the ASEBA
Preschool Forms & Profiles. Burlington, VT: University of
Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families.
Alvarenga, P. (2000). Práticas educativas maternas e problemas
de comportamento na infância. (Unpublished master´s thesis)
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre.
Anselmi, L., Piccinini, C. A., Barros, F. C., & Lopes, R. S. (2004).
Psychosocial determinants of behaviour problems in Brazilian
preschool children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,
45(4), 779-788. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00271.x
Barber, B. K. (1996). Parental psychological control: Revisiting a
neglected construct. Child Development, 67(6), 3296-3319.
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01915.x
Bayer, J. K., Hastings, P. D., Sanson, A. V, Ukoumunne, O., &
Rubin, K. H. (2010). Predicting mid-childhood symptoms:
a longitudinal community study. International Journal of
Mental Health Promotion, 12(1), 16-28. doi:10.1080/14623
730.2010.9721802
Bayer, J. K., Sanson, A. V, & Hemphill, S. A. (2006). Parent
influences on early childhood internalizing difficulties. Journal
of Applied Developmental Psychology, 27(6), 542-559.
doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2006.08.002
Bayer, J. K., Sanson, A. V, & Hemphill, S. A. (2009). Early
childhood aetiology of internalising difficulties: a longitudinal
community study. International Journal of Mental Health
Promotion, 11(1), 22-32. doi:10.1080/14623730.2009.9721777
Caron, A., Weiss, B., Harris, V., & Catron, T. (2006). Parenting
behavior dimensions and child psychopathology: specificity,
task dependency, and interactive relations. Journal of Clinical
Child and Adolescent Psychology, 35(1), 34-45. doi:10.1207/
s15374424jccp3501_4
Cova, F., Maganto, C., & Melipillán, R. (2005). Género, adversidad
familiar y síntomas emocionales en preadolescentes.
Psykhe (Santiago), 14(1), 227-232. doi:10.4067/S0718-
22282005000100017
Coyne, L. W., & Thompson, A. D. (2011). Maternal depression,
locus of control, and emotion regulatory strategy as predictors
of preschoolers’ internalizing problems. Journal of Child and
Family Studies, 20(6), 873-883. doi:10.1007/s10826-011-
9455-2
Crawford, T. N., Cohen, P., Midlarsky, E., & Brook, J. S. (2001).
Internalizing symptoms in adolescents: gender differences
in vulnerability to parental distress and discord. Journal of
Research on Adolescence, 11(1), 95-118. doi:10.1111/1532-
7795.00005
Darling, N., & Steinberg, L. (1993). Parenting style as context: an
integrative model. Psychological Bulletin, 113(3), 487-496.
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.113.3.487
Feng, X., Shaw, D., & Moilanen, K. L. (2011). Parental negative
control moderates the shyness-emotion regulation pathway to
school-age internalizing symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Child
Psychology, 39(3), 425-436. doi:10.1007/s10802-010-9469-z
Feng, X., Shaw, D., & Silk, J. (2008). Developmental trajectories
of anxiety symptoms among boys across early and middle
childhood. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117(1), 32-47.
doi:10.1037/0021-843X.117.1.32
Findlay, L. C., Coplan, R. J., & Bowker, A. B. (2009). Keeping
it all inside: shyness, internalizing coping strategies
and socio-emotional adjustment in middle childhood.
International Journal of Behavioral Development, 33(1), 47-
54. doi:10.1177/0165025408098017
Granic, I., & Lamey, A. V. (2002). Combining dynamic systems and
multivariate analyses to compare the mother-child interactions
of externalizing subtypes. Journal of Abnormal Child
Psychology, 30(3), 265-283. doi:0091-0627/02/0600-0265/0
Halgunseth, L. C., Ispa, J. M., & Rudy, D. (2006). Parental control
in Latino families: an integrated review of the literature.
Child Development, 77(5), 1282-1297. doi:10.1111/j.1467-
8624.2006.00934.x
Javo, C., Rønning, J. A., Heyerdahl, S., & Rudmin, F. W. (2004).
Parenting correlates of child behavior problems in a multiethnic
community sample of preschool children in northern Norway.
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 13(1), 8-18.
doi:10.1007/s00787-004-0349-3
Keiley, M. K., Bates, J. E., Dodge, K. A., & Pettit, G. S.
(2000). A cross-domain growth analysis: externalizing
and internalizing behaviors during 8 years of childhood.
Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 28(2), 161-179.
doi:10.1023/A:1005122814723
Keiley, M. K., Lofthouse, N., Bates, J. E., Dodge, K. A., & Pettit, G.
S. (2003). Differential risks of covarying and pure components
in mother and teacher reports of externalizing and internalizing
behavior across ages 5 to 14. Journal of Abnormal Child
Psychology, 31(3), 267-283. doi:10.1023/A:1023277413027
Kovacs, M., & Devlin, B. (1998). Internalizing disorders in
childhood. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39(1),
47-63. doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00303
Lamb, M., Hwang, C. P., Ketterlinus, R. D., & Fracasso, M. P.
(1999). Parent-child relationships: development in context
of the family. In M. H. Bornstein & M. Lamb (Eds.),
Developmental Psychology: an advanced text book (pp. 411-
450). Mahwah/London: LEA.
Leve, L. D., Kim, H. K., & Pears, K. C. (2005). Childhood
temperament and family environment as predictors of
internalizing and externalizing trajectories from ages 5 to
17. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 33(5), 505-520.
doi:10.1007/s10802-005-6734-7
Lins, T., Oliveira, J. M., Palma, E., & Alvarenga, P. (2012).
Entrevista Estruturada sobre Práticas Educativas Parentais
e Socialização Infantil. Manuscrito não publicado.
Marturano, E. M., Toller, G. P., & Elias, L. C. S. (2005). Gênero,
adversidade e problemas socioemocionais associados à queixa
escolar. Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas), 22(4), 371-380.
doi:10.1590/S0103-166X2005000400005
Mathiesen, K. S., Sanson, A. V, Stoolmiller, M., & Karevold, E.
(2009). The nature and predictors of undercontrolled and
internalizing problem trajectories across early childhood.
Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37(2), 209”“222.
doi:10.1007/s10802-008-9268-y
McLeod, B. D., Weisz, J. R., & Wood, J. J. (2007). Examining the
association between parenting and childhood depression: a
meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 27(8), 986-1003.
doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2007.03.001
McLeod, B. D., Wood, J. J., & Weisz, J. R. (2007). Examining
the association between parenting and childhood anxiety: a
meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 27(2), 155-172.
doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2006.09.002
McShane, K. E., & Hastings, P. D. (2009). The New Friends
Vignettes: measuring parental psychological control that
confers risk for anxious adjustment in preschoolers.
International Journal of Behavioral Development, 33(6), 481-
495. doi:10.1177/0165025409103874
Mills, R. S. L., Hastings, P. D., Helm, J., Serbin, L. A., Etezadi,
J., Stack, D. M., … Li, H. H. (2012). Temperamental,
parental, and contextual contributors to early-emerging
internalizing problems: a new integrative analysis approach.
Social Development, 21(2), 229-253. doi:10.1111/j.1467-
9507.2011.00629.x
Mills, R. S. L., & Rubin, K. H. (1998). Are behavioural and
psychological control both differentially associated with
childhood aggression and social withdrawal? Canadian
Journal of Behavioural Science, 30(2), 132-136. doi:10.1037/
h0085803
Oland, A. A., & Shaw, D. (2005). Pure versus co-occurring
externalizing and internalizing symptoms in children: the
potential role of socio-developmental milestones. Clinical
Child and Family Psychology Review, 8(4), 247-270.
doi:10.1007/s10567-005-8808-z
Patterson, G., Reid, J., & Dishion, T. (1992). Positive parenting
and children’s prossocial skills. In G. Patterson, J. Reid, & T.
Dishion (Eds.), Antisocial boys: a Social Interaction Approach
(Vol. 4). Eugene, OR: Castalia Publishing Co.
Peterson, D. R. (1961). Behavior problems of middle childhood.
Journal of Consulting Psychology, 25(3), 205-209. doi:10.1037/
h0038994
Rubin, K. H., Burgess, K. B., & Hastings, P. D. (2002). Stability
and social-behavioral consequences of toddlers’ inhibited
temperament and parenting behaviors. Child Development,
73(2), 483-495. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00419
Sampieri, R. H., Collado, C. F., & Lucio, P. B. (2006). Metodologia
de pesquisa. São Paulo, SP: McGraw-Hill.
Sawyer, M. G., Arney, F. M., Baghurst, P. A., Clark, J. J., Graetz,
B. W., Kosky, R. J., … Zubrick, S. R. (2001). The mental
health of young people in Australia: key findings from the
child and adolescent component of the national survey of
mental health and well-being. The Australian and New Zealand
Journal of Psychiatry, 35(6), 806-814. doi:10.1046/j.1440-
1614.2001.00964.x
Silk, J., Shaw, D., Prout, J., O’Rourke, F., Lane, T., & Kovacs, M.
(2011). Socialization of emotion and offspring internalizing
symptoms in mothers with childhood-onset depression.
Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 32(3), 127-
136. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2011.02.001
Silvares, E. F. M., Rocha, M. M., & Linhares, M. B. M. (2010).
Inventário de Comportamentos de Crianças entre 1 1/2 - 5
anos (CBCL/1½-5). Versão brasileira do “Child Behavior
Checklist for ages 1 ½ -5.” Manuscrito não publicado.
Van der Bruggen, C., Stams, G. J. J. M., Bogels, S. M., &
Paulussen-Hoogeboom, M. C. (2010). Parenting behaviour as
a mediator between young children’s negative emotionality
and their anxiety/depression. Infant and Child Development,
19(4), 354-365. doi:10.1002/icd.665
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Publicado
2015-11-17
Como Citar
Lins, T., & Alvarenga, P. (2015). Controle Psicológico Materno e Problemas Internalizantes em Pré-Escolares. Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 31(3), 311–319. Recuperado de https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/revistaptp/article/view/18607
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Estudos Empíricos
