Work and Family Balance:
The Psychological Mechanism of Spillover
Keywords:
Work-family balance, Work-family, Spillover, Conflict, FacilitationAbstract
Traditionally, research on the work-family interface has focused on the negative and conflicting aspects of this balance. Nevertheless, more recently, the advantages and benefits of multiple role occupation have been addressed. This paper analyses the main psychological mechanism of the work-family interface: the spillover effect. Spillover dimensions (positive and negative), directions, as well as variables associated to each type of spillover are discussed. We argue that a multidimensional approach to this issue will allow for a more complete understanding of the work-family relationship, which in turn will enable the creation of family-friendly measures directed at reducing negative interferences between work and family as well as directed at enhancing positive linkages
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References
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Aryee, S, Srinivas, E., & Tan, H. (2005). Rhythms of life: Antecedents and outcomes of work-family balance in employed parents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 132-146.
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Bruschini, C., & Lombardi, M. (2000). A bipolaridade do trabalho feminino no Brasil contemporâneo. Cadernos de Pesquisa, 110, 67-104.
Bruschini, C., & Puppin, A. (2004). Trabalho de mulheres executivas no Brasil no final do século XX. Cadernos de Pesquisa, 34(121), 105-138.
Cruz, A., Noriega, M., & Garduño, M. (2003). Trabajo remunerado, trabajo doméstico y salud. Las diferencias cualitativas y cuantitativas entre mujeres y varones. Caderno de Saúde Pública, 19, 1129-1138.
Cullen, J., Hammer, L., Neal, M., & Sinclair, R. (2009). Development of a typology of dual-earner couples caring for children and aging parents. Journal of Family Issues, 30, 458-483.
Dório, J., Bryant, R., & Allen, T. (2008). Work-related outcomes of the work-family interface: Why organizations should care. In K. Korabik, D. Lero, & D. Whitehead (Eds.), Handbook of work-family integration (pp. 157-176). London: Elsevier.
Duffy, M. (2005). Reproducing labour inequalities. Gender & Society, 19, 66-82.
Duxbury, L., & Higgins, C. (1991). Gender differences in work-family conflict. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 60-74.
Edwards, J., & Rothbard, N. (2000). Mechanisms linking work and family: Clarifying the relationships between work and family constructs. Academy of Management Review, 25, 178-199.
Emslie, C., & Hunt, K. (2009). ‘Live to work’ or ‘work to live’? A qualitative study of gender and work-life balance among men and women in mid-life. Gender, Work and Organization, 16, 151-172.
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Frone, M., Russell, M., & Cooper, M. (1992). Antecedents and outcomes of work-family conflict: Testing a model of the work-family interface. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77, 65-78.
Frone, M., Yardley, J., & Markel, K. (1997). Developing and testing an integrative model of the work-family interface. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 50, 145-167.
Greenhaus, J., & Beutell, N. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. Academy of Management Review, 10, 76-88.
Greenhaus, J., & Powell, G. (2006). When work and family are allies: A theory of work-family enrichment. Academy of Management Review, 31, 72-92.
Grzywacz, J., & Marks, N. (2000). Reconceptualizing the work-family interface: An ecological perspective on the correlates of positive and negative spillover between work and family. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5, 111-126.
Gutek, B, Searle, S., & Klepa, L. (1991). Rational versus gender role explanations for work-family conflict. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 560-568.
Hammer, L., Cullen, J., Neal, M., Sinclair, R., & Shafiro, M. (2005). The longitudinal effects of work-family conflict and positive spillover on depressive symptoms among dual-earner couples. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 10, 138-154.
Hanson, G., Hammer, L., & Colton, C. (2006). Development and validation of a multidimensional scale of perceived work-family positive spillover. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 11, 249-265.
Hill, J. (2005). Work-family facilitation and conflict, working fathers and mothers, work-family stressors and support. Journal of Family Issues, 26, 793-819.
Hochschild, A., & Machung, A. (1999). The second shift: Working parents and revolution at home. New York: Avon.
INE. (2009). Estatísticas do emprego. Retreived from http://www.pordata.pt.
Kinnunen, U., Feldt, T., Geurts, S., & Pulkkinen, L. (2006). Types of work-family interface: Well-being correlates of negative and positive spillover between work and family. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 47, 149-162.
Kirchmeyer, C. (1992a). Nonwork participation and work attitudes: A test of scarcity vs. expansion models of person resources. Human Relations, 45, 775-795.
Kirchmeyer, C. (1992b). Perceptions of nonwork-to-work spillover: Challenging the common view of conflict-ridden domain relationships. Basic and Applied Psychology, 13, 231-249.
Kmec, J. (1999). Multiple aspects of work-family conflict. Sociological Focus, 32, 265-285
Lambert, S. (1990). Processes linking work and family: A critical review and research agenda. Human Relations, 43, 239-257.
Matias, M., Andrade, C., Fontaine, A. M., Alves, Z., & Martinez, C. (2007). Gender differences in family to work facilitation in Portuguese and Brazilian families. In A. M. Fontaine & M. Matias (Eds.), Family, work and parenting: International perspectives (pp. 79-94). Porto: Livpsic.
Matias, M., & Fontaine, A. M. (2011). The role of gender when family intersects work: Conflict or facilitation? Psicologia, Educação e Cultura, 25, 337-354.
Matias, M., Andrade, C., & Fontaine, A. M. (2011). Diferenças de género no conflito trabalho-família: Um estudo com famílias portuguesas de duplo-emprego com filhos em idade pré-escolar. Psicologia, 25, 9-32.
Parasuraman, S., & Greenhaus, J. (2002). Toward reducing some critical gaps in work-family research. Human Resource Management Review, 12, 299-312.
Perista, H. (2002). Género e trabalho não pago: Os tempos das mulheres e os tempos dos homens. Análise Social, 37, 447-474.
Poelmans, S., Stepanova, O., & Masuda, A. (2008). Positive spillover between personal and professional life: Definitions, antecedents, consequences, and strategies. In K. Korabik, D. Lero, & D. Whitehead (Eds.), Handbook of work-family integration (pp. 141-156). London: Elsevier.
Poeschl, G. (2000). Trabalho doméstico e poder familiar: Práticas, normas e ideais. Análise Social, 35, 695-719.
Rothbard, N. (2001). Enriching or depleting? The dynamics of engagement in work and family roles. Administrative Science Quarterly, 46, 655-684.
Rothbard, N., & Dumas, T. (2006). Research perspectives: Managing the work-home interface. In F. Jones, R. F. Burke & M. Westman (Eds.), Work-life balance: A psychological perspective (pp. 71-89). New York: Psychology Press.
Stevens, D., Minnote, K., Mannon, S., & Kiger, G. (2007). Examining the “neglected side of the work-family interface”. Journal of Family Issues, 28, 242-262.
Voydanoff, P. (2002). Linkages between the work family interface and work, family and individual outcomes: An integrative model. Journal of Family Issues, 23,138-164.
Voydanoff, P. (2004). Implications of work and community demands and resources for work-to-family conflict and facilitation. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 9, 275-285.
Voydanoff, P. (2005). The differential salience of family and community demands and resources for family to work conflict and facilitation. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 26, 395-417.
Wayne, J., Musisca, N., & Fleeson, W. (2004). Considering the role of personality in the work-family experience: Relationships of the big five to work-family conflict and facilitation. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 64, 108-130.
West, C., & Zimmerman, D. (1987). Doing gender. Gender & Society, 1, 125-151.
Anzorena, C. (2008). Estado y división de trabajo: Las relaciones de genero em las nuevas condiciones del mercado laboral. Utopia e Práxis Latinoamericana, 13(41), 47-68.
Aryee, S, Srinivas, E., & Tan, H. (2005). Rhythms of life: Antecedents and outcomes of work-family balance in employed parents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 132-146.
Barnett, R. (1998). Toward a review and reconceptualization of the work/family literature. Genetic, Social & General Psychology Monographs, 124(2), 125-153.
Breen, R., & Cooke, L. (2004). The persistence of the gendered division of domestic labour. Gender & Society, 1(2), 125-151.
Bruschini, C. (2006). Trabalho doméstico: Inatividade econômica ou trabalho não-remunerado? Revista Brasileira de Estudos de População, 23(2), 331-353.
Bruschini, C., & Lombardi, M. (2000). A bipolaridade do trabalho feminino no Brasil contemporâneo. Cadernos de Pesquisa, 110, 67-104.
Bruschini, C., & Puppin, A. (2004). Trabalho de mulheres executivas no Brasil no final do século XX. Cadernos de Pesquisa, 34(121), 105-138.
Cruz, A., Noriega, M., & Garduño, M. (2003). Trabajo remunerado, trabajo doméstico y salud. Las diferencias cualitativas y cuantitativas entre mujeres y varones. Caderno de Saúde Pública, 19, 1129-1138.
Cullen, J., Hammer, L., Neal, M., & Sinclair, R. (2009). Development of a typology of dual-earner couples caring for children and aging parents. Journal of Family Issues, 30, 458-483.
Dório, J., Bryant, R., & Allen, T. (2008). Work-related outcomes of the work-family interface: Why organizations should care. In K. Korabik, D. Lero, & D. Whitehead (Eds.), Handbook of work-family integration (pp. 157-176). London: Elsevier.
Duffy, M. (2005). Reproducing labour inequalities. Gender & Society, 19, 66-82.
Duxbury, L., & Higgins, C. (1991). Gender differences in work-family conflict. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 60-74.
Edwards, J., & Rothbard, N. (2000). Mechanisms linking work and family: Clarifying the relationships between work and family constructs. Academy of Management Review, 25, 178-199.
Emslie, C., & Hunt, K. (2009). ‘Live to work’ or ‘work to live’? A qualitative study of gender and work-life balance among men and women in mid-life. Gender, Work and Organization, 16, 151-172.
Fontaine, A. M, Andrade, C., Matias, M., Gato, J., & Mendonça, M. (2007). Family and work division in dual earner families in Portugal. In I. Crespi (Ed.), Gender mainstreaming and family policy in Europe: Perspectives, research and debates (pp. 167-198). Macerata: EUM.
Frone, M. (2003). Work-family balance. In J. C. Quick & L. E. Tetrick (Eds.), Handbook of occupational health psychology (pp. 143-162). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Frone, M., Russell, M., & Cooper, M. (1992). Antecedents and outcomes of work-family conflict: Testing a model of the work-family interface. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77, 65-78.
Frone, M., Yardley, J., & Markel, K. (1997). Developing and testing an integrative model of the work-family interface. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 50, 145-167.
Greenhaus, J., & Beutell, N. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. Academy of Management Review, 10, 76-88.
Greenhaus, J., & Powell, G. (2006). When work and family are allies: A theory of work-family enrichment. Academy of Management Review, 31, 72-92.
Grzywacz, J., & Marks, N. (2000). Reconceptualizing the work-family interface: An ecological perspective on the correlates of positive and negative spillover between work and family. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5, 111-126.
Gutek, B, Searle, S., & Klepa, L. (1991). Rational versus gender role explanations for work-family conflict. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 560-568.
Hammer, L., Cullen, J., Neal, M., Sinclair, R., & Shafiro, M. (2005). The longitudinal effects of work-family conflict and positive spillover on depressive symptoms among dual-earner couples. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 10, 138-154.
Hanson, G., Hammer, L., & Colton, C. (2006). Development and validation of a multidimensional scale of perceived work-family positive spillover. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 11, 249-265.
Hill, J. (2005). Work-family facilitation and conflict, working fathers and mothers, work-family stressors and support. Journal of Family Issues, 26, 793-819.
Hochschild, A., & Machung, A. (1999). The second shift: Working parents and revolution at home. New York: Avon.
INE. (2009). Estatísticas do emprego. Retreived from http://www.pordata.pt.
Kinnunen, U., Feldt, T., Geurts, S., & Pulkkinen, L. (2006). Types of work-family interface: Well-being correlates of negative and positive spillover between work and family. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 47, 149-162.
Kirchmeyer, C. (1992a). Nonwork participation and work attitudes: A test of scarcity vs. expansion models of person resources. Human Relations, 45, 775-795.
Kirchmeyer, C. (1992b). Perceptions of nonwork-to-work spillover: Challenging the common view of conflict-ridden domain relationships. Basic and Applied Psychology, 13, 231-249.
Kmec, J. (1999). Multiple aspects of work-family conflict. Sociological Focus, 32, 265-285
Lambert, S. (1990). Processes linking work and family: A critical review and research agenda. Human Relations, 43, 239-257.
Matias, M., Andrade, C., Fontaine, A. M., Alves, Z., & Martinez, C. (2007). Gender differences in family to work facilitation in Portuguese and Brazilian families. In A. M. Fontaine & M. Matias (Eds.), Family, work and parenting: International perspectives (pp. 79-94). Porto: Livpsic.
Matias, M., & Fontaine, A. M. (2011). The role of gender when family intersects work: Conflict or facilitation? Psicologia, Educação e Cultura, 25, 337-354.
Matias, M., Andrade, C., & Fontaine, A. M. (2011). Diferenças de género no conflito trabalho-família: Um estudo com famílias portuguesas de duplo-emprego com filhos em idade pré-escolar. Psicologia, 25, 9-32.
Parasuraman, S., & Greenhaus, J. (2002). Toward reducing some critical gaps in work-family research. Human Resource Management Review, 12, 299-312.
Perista, H. (2002). Género e trabalho não pago: Os tempos das mulheres e os tempos dos homens. Análise Social, 37, 447-474.
Poelmans, S., Stepanova, O., & Masuda, A. (2008). Positive spillover between personal and professional life: Definitions, antecedents, consequences, and strategies. In K. Korabik, D. Lero, & D. Whitehead (Eds.), Handbook of work-family integration (pp. 141-156). London: Elsevier.
Poeschl, G. (2000). Trabalho doméstico e poder familiar: Práticas, normas e ideais. Análise Social, 35, 695-719.
Rothbard, N. (2001). Enriching or depleting? The dynamics of engagement in work and family roles. Administrative Science Quarterly, 46, 655-684.
Rothbard, N., & Dumas, T. (2006). Research perspectives: Managing the work-home interface. In F. Jones, R. F. Burke & M. Westman (Eds.), Work-life balance: A psychological perspective (pp. 71-89). New York: Psychology Press.
Stevens, D., Minnote, K., Mannon, S., & Kiger, G. (2007). Examining the “neglected side of the work-family interface”. Journal of Family Issues, 28, 242-262.
Voydanoff, P. (2002). Linkages between the work family interface and work, family and individual outcomes: An integrative model. Journal of Family Issues, 23,138-164.
Voydanoff, P. (2004). Implications of work and community demands and resources for work-to-family conflict and facilitation. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 9, 275-285.
Voydanoff, P. (2005). The differential salience of family and community demands and resources for family to work conflict and facilitation. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 26, 395-417.
Wayne, J., Musisca, N., & Fleeson, W. (2004). Considering the role of personality in the work-family experience: Relationships of the big five to work-family conflict and facilitation. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 64, 108-130.
West, C., & Zimmerman, D. (1987). Doing gender. Gender & Society, 1, 125-151.
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Published
2012-07-02
How to Cite
Matias, M., & Fontaine, A. M. (2012). Work and Family Balance:: The Psychological Mechanism of Spillover. Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 28(2), 235–243. Retrieved from https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/revistaptp/article/view/17568
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Revisão da Literatura
