O envolvimento da atenção na codificação da informação visuo-espacial integrada
Palavras-chave:
psicologia cognitiva; psicologia experimental;, Memória de trabalho, Memória visuoespacial, Conjunção visuoespacial, Executivo centralResumo
Nós investigamos o envolvimento da atenção na codificação da informação visuo-espacial na memória de curto prazo através de uma tarefa secundária de discriminação de tons. O desempenho numa tarefa de localização espacial é afetado pela presença da tarefa secundária, pela similaridade entre os tons e pela instrução de prioridade na execução das tarefas. Os efeitos da similaridade, da instrução e a interação entre prioridade e ordem de realização das tarefas indicam que recursos atentivos são empregados não somente na codificação visuo-espacial, mas na manutenção ativa dos objetivos da tarefa. Este estudo confirma que recursos do executivo central são limitados e estão envolvidos na codificação de informações visuo-espaciais, na representação dos objetivos da tarefa e na execução de múltiplas tarefas.
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Referências
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Baddeley, A. D. (2002). Fractionating the central executive. In D. T. Stuss & R. T. Knight (Eds.), Principles of frontal lobe function (pp. 246-260). New York: Oxford University Press.
Baddeley, A. D. (2007). Working memory, thought, and action. New York: Oxford University Press.
Brooks, L. R. (1967). The suppression of visualization by reading. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 19(4), 289-299.
Cohen-Kdoshay, O., & Meiran, N. (2007). The representation of instructions in working memory leads to autonomous response activation: Evidence from the first trials in the flanker paradigm. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 60(8), 1140-1154.
Collette, F., & Van der Linden, M. (2002). Brain imaging of the central executive component of working memory. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 26, 105-125.
Cowan, N. (2005). Working memory capacity. New York: Taylor & Francis Group.
Curran T., & Keele S. W. (1993). Attentional and nonattentional forms of sequence learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 19, 189-202.
D’Esposito, M. (2007). From cognitive to neural models of working memory. Philosophical Transation of Royal Society. B, 362, 761”“772.
Fisk, J. E., & Sharp, C. A. (2003). The role of the executive system in visuo-spatial memory functioning. Brain and Cognition, 52, 364-381.
Frensch, P. A., Lin, J., & Buchner, A. (1998). Learning versus behavioral expression of the learned: The effects of a secondary tone-counting task on implicit learning in the serial reaction time task. Psychological Research, 61, 83”“98.
Galera, C., & Fuhs, C. C. (2003). Memória visuoespacial a curto prazo: Os efeitos da supressão articulatória e de uma tarefa aritmética. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 16(2), 337-348.
Henson, R. N. A., Burgess, N., & Frith, C. D. (2000). Recoding, storage, rehearsal and grouping in verbal short-term memory: An fMRI study. Neuropsychologia, 38, 426-440.
Jiang, Y., Olson, I. R., & Chun, M. M. (2000). Organization of visual short-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 26(3), 683-702.
Kiss, I., Pazderka-Robinson, H., & Floden, D. (2001). Event-related brain potentials and central executive function: Further evidence for Baddeley’s model. Journal of Psychophysiology, 15, 1”“13.
Klauer, K. C., & Zhao, Z. (2004). Double dissociations in visual and spatial short-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 133(3), 355-381.
Klauer, K. C., & Stegmaier, R. (1997). Interference in immediate spatial memory: Shifts of spatial attention or central-executive involvement? The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 50A(1), 79-99.
Logie, R. H. (1995). Visuo-spatial working memory. Hove: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Logie, R. H., Cocchini, G., Della Sala, S., & Baddeley, A. D. (2004). Is there a specific executive capacity for dual task co-ordination? Evidence from Alzheimer’s Disease. Neuropsychology, 18, 504-513.
Maybery, M. T., Clissa, P. J, Parmentier, F. B. R., Leung, D., Harsa, G., Fox, A. M., & Jones, D. M. (2009). Binding of verbal and spatial features in auditory working memory. Journal of Memory and Language, 61(1), 112-133.
Miller, E. K., & Cohen, J. D. (2001). An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 24, 167-202.
Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Rettinger, D. A., Shah, P., & Hegarty, M. (2001). How are visuospatial working memory, executive functioning, and spatial abilities related? A latent-variable analysis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130(4), 621-540.
Nissen, M. J., & Bullemer, P. (1987). Attentional requirements of learning: Evidence from performance measures. Cognitive Psychology, 19, 1”“32.
Norman D. A., & Shallice, T. (1986). Attention to action: Willed and automatic control of behaviour. In R. J. Davidson, G. E. Schwartz, D. Shapiro (Eds.), Consciousness and self-regulation (V. 4, pp. 1”“18). New York: Plenum.
Olson, I. R., & Marshuetz, C. (2005). Remembering “what” brings along “where” in visual working memory. Perception & Psychophysics, 67, 185-194.
Repovš, G., & Baddeley, A. (2006). The multi-component model of working memory: Explorations in experimental cognitive psychology. Neuroscience, 139, 5-21.
Rudkin, S. J., Pearson, D. G., & Logie, R. H. (2007). Executive processes in visual and spatial working memory tasks. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 60(1), 79-100.
Salway, A. F., & Logie, R. H. (1995). Visuospatial working memory, movement control and executive demands. British Journal of Psychology, 86(2), 253-269.
Schneider, W., Eschman, A., & Zuccolotto, A. (2002). E-Prime reference guide. Pittsburgh: Psychology Software Tools Inc.
Soto, D., & Humphreys, G. W. (2009). Automatic selection of irrelevant object features through working memory: Evidence for top-down attentional capture. Experimental Psychology, 56, 165-172.
Stadler, M. A. (1995). Role of attention in implicit learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21, 819”“827.
Szmalec, A. (2005). Functional unity and diversity within executive control: A study by means of parametrical variations of executive involvement in reaction time tasks. Tese de Doutorado, Universiteit Gent, Bélgica.
Walker, P., Hitch, G. J., & Duroe, S. (1993). The effect of visual similarity on short-term memory for spatial location: Implications for the capacity of visual short-term memory. Acta Psychologica, 83, 203-224.
Baddeley, A. D. (2002). Fractionating the central executive. In D. T. Stuss & R. T. Knight (Eds.), Principles of frontal lobe function (pp. 246-260). New York: Oxford University Press.
Baddeley, A. D. (2007). Working memory, thought, and action. New York: Oxford University Press.
Brooks, L. R. (1967). The suppression of visualization by reading. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 19(4), 289-299.
Cohen-Kdoshay, O., & Meiran, N. (2007). The representation of instructions in working memory leads to autonomous response activation: Evidence from the first trials in the flanker paradigm. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 60(8), 1140-1154.
Collette, F., & Van der Linden, M. (2002). Brain imaging of the central executive component of working memory. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 26, 105-125.
Cowan, N. (2005). Working memory capacity. New York: Taylor & Francis Group.
Curran T., & Keele S. W. (1993). Attentional and nonattentional forms of sequence learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 19, 189-202.
D’Esposito, M. (2007). From cognitive to neural models of working memory. Philosophical Transation of Royal Society. B, 362, 761”“772.
Fisk, J. E., & Sharp, C. A. (2003). The role of the executive system in visuo-spatial memory functioning. Brain and Cognition, 52, 364-381.
Frensch, P. A., Lin, J., & Buchner, A. (1998). Learning versus behavioral expression of the learned: The effects of a secondary tone-counting task on implicit learning in the serial reaction time task. Psychological Research, 61, 83”“98.
Galera, C., & Fuhs, C. C. (2003). Memória visuoespacial a curto prazo: Os efeitos da supressão articulatória e de uma tarefa aritmética. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 16(2), 337-348.
Henson, R. N. A., Burgess, N., & Frith, C. D. (2000). Recoding, storage, rehearsal and grouping in verbal short-term memory: An fMRI study. Neuropsychologia, 38, 426-440.
Jiang, Y., Olson, I. R., & Chun, M. M. (2000). Organization of visual short-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 26(3), 683-702.
Kiss, I., Pazderka-Robinson, H., & Floden, D. (2001). Event-related brain potentials and central executive function: Further evidence for Baddeley’s model. Journal of Psychophysiology, 15, 1”“13.
Klauer, K. C., & Zhao, Z. (2004). Double dissociations in visual and spatial short-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 133(3), 355-381.
Klauer, K. C., & Stegmaier, R. (1997). Interference in immediate spatial memory: Shifts of spatial attention or central-executive involvement? The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 50A(1), 79-99.
Logie, R. H. (1995). Visuo-spatial working memory. Hove: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Logie, R. H., Cocchini, G., Della Sala, S., & Baddeley, A. D. (2004). Is there a specific executive capacity for dual task co-ordination? Evidence from Alzheimer’s Disease. Neuropsychology, 18, 504-513.
Maybery, M. T., Clissa, P. J, Parmentier, F. B. R., Leung, D., Harsa, G., Fox, A. M., & Jones, D. M. (2009). Binding of verbal and spatial features in auditory working memory. Journal of Memory and Language, 61(1), 112-133.
Miller, E. K., & Cohen, J. D. (2001). An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 24, 167-202.
Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Rettinger, D. A., Shah, P., & Hegarty, M. (2001). How are visuospatial working memory, executive functioning, and spatial abilities related? A latent-variable analysis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130(4), 621-540.
Nissen, M. J., & Bullemer, P. (1987). Attentional requirements of learning: Evidence from performance measures. Cognitive Psychology, 19, 1”“32.
Norman D. A., & Shallice, T. (1986). Attention to action: Willed and automatic control of behaviour. In R. J. Davidson, G. E. Schwartz, D. Shapiro (Eds.), Consciousness and self-regulation (V. 4, pp. 1”“18). New York: Plenum.
Olson, I. R., & Marshuetz, C. (2005). Remembering “what” brings along “where” in visual working memory. Perception & Psychophysics, 67, 185-194.
Repovš, G., & Baddeley, A. (2006). The multi-component model of working memory: Explorations in experimental cognitive psychology. Neuroscience, 139, 5-21.
Rudkin, S. J., Pearson, D. G., & Logie, R. H. (2007). Executive processes in visual and spatial working memory tasks. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 60(1), 79-100.
Salway, A. F., & Logie, R. H. (1995). Visuospatial working memory, movement control and executive demands. British Journal of Psychology, 86(2), 253-269.
Schneider, W., Eschman, A., & Zuccolotto, A. (2002). E-Prime reference guide. Pittsburgh: Psychology Software Tools Inc.
Soto, D., & Humphreys, G. W. (2009). Automatic selection of irrelevant object features through working memory: Evidence for top-down attentional capture. Experimental Psychology, 56, 165-172.
Stadler, M. A. (1995). Role of attention in implicit learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21, 819”“827.
Szmalec, A. (2005). Functional unity and diversity within executive control: A study by means of parametrical variations of executive involvement in reaction time tasks. Tese de Doutorado, Universiteit Gent, Bélgica.
Walker, P., Hitch, G. J., & Duroe, S. (1993). The effect of visual similarity on short-term memory for spatial location: Implications for the capacity of visual short-term memory. Acta Psychologica, 83, 203-224.
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Publicado
2012-07-02
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Santana, J., & Galera, C. (2012). O envolvimento da atenção na codificação da informação visuo-espacial integrada. Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 28(2), 141–148. Recuperado de https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/revistaptp/article/view/17562
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