Smart Regulatory Instruments in Airport Economic Regulation
Keywords:
Smart Regulation. Airport Concession Contracts.Abstract
[Purpose] The Brazilian Aviation Authority launched the 2020-2026 Strategic Plan and the Responsive Regulation Project, which include guidelines for "building a model of smart and responsive regulation, promoting development and competitiveness without unnecessary barriers or interventions" (ANAC, 2020). The main goal of the agency's project is to develop inspection models that align with responsive regulation and are therefore integrated into the ANAC´s inspection activities within its technical regulations. Additionally, while not the specific focus of the Responsive Regulation Project, the agency highlights the Supported Proposal instrument and the Sustainable Airports Project as examples of responsive approaches already implemented in the economic regulation of airports. This article aims to take a closer look at the regulatory methods found in smart regulation, which is a type of responsive regulation based on the theory put forth by Neil Gunningham (Gunningham, 1988).
[Methodology/approach/design] This is a comparative approach between the responsive initiatives in the economic regulation of airports in Brazil and the recommendations from the theory of smart regulation. The analysis is based on studying the historical development of regulatory modeling for airport concessions and the ANAC's Responsive Regulation Project.
[Findings] The study revealed several characteristics of smart regulation in the initiatives identified as responsive by ANAC. However, upon comparing the regulatory instruments with the theory of smart regulation, it is evident that the current model does not employ the regulatory technique proposed by the theory of regulation.
[Practical implications] The findings of this article can be applied to enhance the regulatory modeling of airport concession contracts in Brazil.
[Originality/value] The proposed analysis proves to be relevant for improving the understanding of the regulatory model adopted in Brazil for airport concessions.
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