Algorithms, regulation, and governance: a literature review
Keywords:
algorithmic governance, algorithmic regulation, algorithm, big data, machine learningAbstract
Purpose ”“ To offer a curated mapping of the recent academic production on the topic of algorithmic governance and regulation to understand its connection to the theoretical traditions of regulation and governance.
Methodology/approach/design ”“ Exploratory literature review focusing on the detection of themes and theoretical approaches in publications that define their field of investigation through expressions such as “algorithmic regulation”, “algorithmic governance”, “algorithmic governmentality”, and “govern by algorithm”.
Findings ”“ Despite their appearance from 2013 onwards, surveyed papers tend to carry on older research traditions that also appear in governance and regulation studies. Research topics and theoretical approaches vary, with Foucauldian, regulatory and actor-network approaches being the most common. Possibility due to the novelty of the field, there is a stronger presence of theoretical endeavors.
Originality/value ”“ This is the first organized survey with this scope and it maps a host of foreign studies to the Portuguese language, serving as a starting point for those interested in the field.
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References
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AMOORE, L. AlgorithmicWar: Everyday Geographies of the War on Terror. Antipode, v. 41, n. 1, p. 49-69, 2009.
ANEESH, A. Global Labor: Algocratic Modes of Organization. Sociological Theory, American Sociological Association, v. 27, n. 4, p. 347-370, dez. 2009.
AYTO, J. Dictionary of Word Origins. Nova Iorque, Estados Unidos da América: Arcade, 1991.
BAROCAS, S.; HOOD, S.; ZIEWITZ, M. Governing Algorithms: A Provocation Piece. Paper preparado para a Governing Algorithms Conference, p. 1-12, 2013. Disponivel em: <https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2245322>. Acesso em: 18 nov. 2017.
BAROCAS, S.; HOOD, S.; ZIEWITZ, M. Governing Algorithms: A Provocation Piece, mar. 2013. Disponivel em: <https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2245322>. Acesso em: 1 dez. 2017.
BEER, D. Power through the algorithm? Participatory web cultures and the technological unconscious. New Media & Society, v. 11, n. 6, p. 985-1002, 2009.
BEER, D. The social power of algorithms. Information, Communication, & Society, v. 20, n. 1, p. 1-13, 2017.
BLACK, J. Decentring regulation: understanding the role of regulation and self regulation in a “post-regulatory” world. Current Legal Problems, v. 54, n. 1, p. 103-146, 2001.
BLASS, A.; GUREVICH, Y. Bulletin of the European Association for Theoretical Computer Science, n. 1, p. 195-225, out. 2003. Disponivel em: <https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/publication/164-algorithms-quest-absolute-definitions/?from=http%3A%2F%2Fresearch.microsoft.com%2F~gurevich%2Fopera%2F164.pdf>. Acesso em: 19 nov. 2017.
BRIN, S.; PAGE, L. The Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hypertextual Web Search Engine. Computer Networks & ISDN Systems, v. 30, n. 1-7, p. 107-117, abr. 1998.
BUCHER, T. Want to be on the top? Algorithmic power and the threat of invisibility on Facebook. New Media & Society, v. 14, n. 7, p. 1164-1180 , abr. 2012.
BUTT, D. FCJ-198 New International Information Order (NIIO) Revisited: Global Algorithmic Governance and Neocolonialism. The Fibreculture Journal, v. 27, mar. 2016. Disponivel em: <http://twentyseven.fibreculturejournal.org/2016/03/08/fcj-198-new-international-information-order-niio-revisited-global-algorithmic-governance-and-neocolonialism/>. Acesso em: 27 nov. 2017.
CAMPBELL-VERDUYN, M.; GOGUEN, M.; PORTER, T. Big Data and algorithmic governance: the case of financial practices. New Political Economy, v. 22, n. 2, p. 219-236, ago. 2016.
CHABERT, J.-L. (Ed.). A History of Algorithms: From the Pebble to the Microchip. Nova Iorque, Estados Unidos da América: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 1999.
CHENEY-LIPPOLD, J. A NewAlgorithmic Identity: Soft Biopolitics and the Modulation of Control. Theory, Culture & Society, v. 28, n. 6, p. 164-181, 2011.
COGLIANESE, C.; LEHR, D. Regulating by Robot: Administrative Decision Making in the Machine-Learning Era. Georgetown Law Journal, v. 105, p. 1147 e ss., jun. 2017. Disponivel em: <https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2928293>. Acesso em: 27 nov. 2017.
COLETTA, C.; KITCHIN, R. Algorhythmic governance: Regulating the ‘heartbeat’ of a city using the Internet of Things. Big Data & Society, v. 4, n. 2, nov. 2017.
CRAVO, V. O Big Data e os desafios da modernidade: uma regulação necessária? Revista de Direito Setorial e Regulatório, v. 1, n. 2, p. 243-257, out. 2015.
DANAHER, J. et al. Algorithmic governance: Developing a research agenda through the power of collective intelligence. Big Data & Society, v. 4, n. 2, set. 2017.
DONEDA, D.; ALMEIDA, V. A. F. What Is Algorithm Governance? IEEE Internet Computing, v. 20, n. 4, p. 60-63, jul.-ago. 2016.
FRIEDMAN, B.; NISSENBAUM, H. Bias in Computer Systems. ACM Transactions on Information Systems, v. 14, n. 3, p. 330-347, 1996.
GANDY, O. Engaging Rational Discrimination: Exploring Reasons for Placing Regulatory Constraints on Decision Support Systems. Ethics and Information Technology, v. 12, n. 1, p. 29-42, 2010.
GUREVICH, Y. Sequential Abstract State Machines Capture Sequential Algorithms. ACM Transactions on Computational Logic, v. 1, n. 1, p. 77-111, jul. 2000.
INTRONA, L. D. Algorithms, Performativity and Governability. Discussion paper para a conferência Governing Algorithms, 2013. Disponivel em: <http://governingalgorithms.org/resources/discussion-papers/>. Acesso em: 27 nov. 2017.
INTRONA, L. D. Algorithm, Governance, and Governmentality: On governing academic writing. Science, Technology, & Human Values, v. 41, n. 1, p. 17-49, jun. 2015.
JESSOP, B. The regulation approach, governance and post-Fordism: alternative perspectives on economic and political change? Economy and Society, v. 24, n. 3, p. 307-333, 1995.
JUST, N.; LATZER, M. Governance by algorithms: reality construction by algorithmic selection on the Internet. Media, Culture & Society, v. 39, n. 2, p. 238”“258, 2017.
KERSBERGEN, K. V.; WAARDEN, F. V. ‘Governance’ as a bridge between disciplines: Cross-disciplinary inspiration regarding shifts in governance and problems of governability, accountability and legitimacy. European Journal of Political Research, v. 43, p. 143”“171, 2004.
KITCHIN, R. Big Data, new epistemologies and paradigm shifts. Big Data & Society, v. 1, n. 1, p. 1-12, abr.-jun. 2014.
KNUTH, D. E. The Art of Computer Programming, Vol. 2: Seminumerical Algorithms. Reading, Massachussets, Estados Unidos da América: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1969.
KOWALSKI, R. Algorithm = Logic + Control. Communications of the ACM , v. 22, n. 7, p. 424-436, 1979.
KURZWEIL, R. The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology. Nova Iorque, Estados Unidos da América: Viking Penguin, 2005.
LEADBEATER, C. The Civic Long Tail. Londres, Reino Unido: Demos, 2011.
LEIGHTON, A. et al. Algorithmic Regulation. Discussion Paper Series, Centre for Analysis of Risk and Regulation at the London School of Economics and Political Science, Londres, Reino Unido, n. 85, set. 2017.
LEVI-FAUR, D. Regulation &Regulatory Governance. Jerusalem Papers in Regulation & Governance Working Paper Series, n. 1, p. 1-40, 2010.
LO BELLO, A. Origins of Mathematical Words: A Comprehensive Dictionary of Latin, Greek, and Arabic Roots. Baltimore, Estados Unidos da América: Th e Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013.
LOBATO, L. C. Algoritmos e os limites da teoria das Relações Internacionais. 6º Encontro Nacional da ABRI, Belo Horizonte, jul. 2017. Disponivel em: <http://www.encontro2017.abri.org.br/resources/anais/8/1498051168_ARQUIVO_LuisaCruzLobato.EncontroNacionaldaABRI2017.pdf>. Acesso em: 27 nov. 2017.
LODGE, M. Regulation scholarship in crisis? Centre for Analysis of Risk and Regulation Discussion Paper Series, n. 84, p. 1-7, out. 2016. Disponivel em: <http://www.lse.ac.uk/accounting/CARR/pdf/DPs/CARR_DP84-Martin-Lodge.pdf>. Acesso em: 25 nov. 2017.
LODGE, M.; MENNICKEN, A. The importance of regulation of and by algorithm. In: Andrews, Leighton. et al. Algorithmic Regulation. Centre for Analysis of Risk and Regulation Discussion Paper Series, n. 85, nov. 2017. Acesso em: 27 nov. 2017.
MASSANARI, A. #Gamergate and The Fappening: How Reddit’s algorithm, governance, and culture support toxic technocultures. New Media & Society, v. 19, n. 3, p. 329-346, out. 2015.
MCQUILLAN, D. Algorithmic States of Exception. European Journal of Cultural Studies, v. 18, n. 4-5, p. 564-576, jun. 2015.
MEDINA, E. Rethinking algorithmic regulation. Kybernetes, v. 44, n. 6-7, p. 1005-1019, 2015.
MELLAMPHY, D.; MELLAMPHY, N. B. FCJ”“185 An Algorithmic Agartha: Post-App Approaches to Synarchic Regulation. The Fibreculture Journal, n. 25, p. 162-182, 2015.
MITTELSTADT, B. D. et al. The ethics of algorithms: Mapping the debate. Big Data & Society, v. 3, n. 2, p. 1-21, dez. 2016.
MOROZOV, E. The rise of data and the death of politics. The Guardian, 20 jul. 2014. Disponivel em: <https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/jul/20/rise-of-data-death-of-politics-evgeny-morozov-algorithmic-regulation>. Acesso em: 15 nov. 2017.
MUELLER, M. Networks and States: The Global Politics of Internet Governance. Cambridge, Estados Unidos da América: The MIT Press, 2010.
MÜLLER-BIRN, C.; DOBUSCH, L.; HERBSLEB, J. D. Work-to-rule: the emergence of algorithmic governance in Wikipedia. C&T '13: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Communities and Technologies, p. 80-89, jun. 2013.
MURRAY, A. D. The regulation of cyberspace: control in the online environment. Nova Iorque, Estados Unidos da América: Routledge-Cavendish, 2007.
MURRAY, A. D. Looking Back at the Law of the Horse: Why Cyberlaw and the Rule of Law are Important. SCRIPTed, v. 13, n. 3, p. 312-319, out. 2013.
MUSIANI, F. Governance by algorithms. Internet Policy Review, v. 2, n. 3, p. 1-8, ago. 2013.
O'NEIL, C. Weapons of Math Detruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy. Nova Iorque, Estados Unidos da América: Crown, 2016.
O'REILLY, T. Open data and algorithmic regulation. In: GOLDSTEIN, B.; DYSON, L. Beyond transparency ”“ open data and the future of civic innovation. São Francisco, Estados Unidos da América: Code for America Press, 2013. p. 289”“300.
PASQUALE, F. Black Box Society: The Secret Algorithms That Control Money and Information. Cambridge, Massachussets, Estados Unidos da América: Harvard University Press, 2015.
PITT, J. et al. Collective Intelligence and Algorithmic Governance of Socio-Technical Systems. In: MIORANDI, D., et al. Social Collective Intelligence: Combining the Powers of Humans and Machines to Build a Smarter Society. [S.l.]: Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2014a. p. 31-50.
PITT, J. et al. Algorithmic self-governance and the design of socio-technical systems. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, v. 1283, p. 262-273, 2014b. Disponivel em: <http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1283/paper_33.pdf>. Acesso em: 3 dez. 2017.
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AMOORE, L. AlgorithmicWar: Everyday Geographies of the War on Terror. Antipode, v. 41, n. 1, p. 49-69, 2009.
ANEESH, A. Global Labor: Algocratic Modes of Organization. Sociological Theory, American Sociological Association, v. 27, n. 4, p. 347-370, dez. 2009.
AYTO, J. Dictionary of Word Origins. Nova Iorque, Estados Unidos da América: Arcade, 1991.
BAROCAS, S.; HOOD, S.; ZIEWITZ, M. Governing Algorithms: A Provocation Piece. Paper preparado para a Governing Algorithms Conference, p. 1-12, 2013. Disponivel em: <https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2245322>. Acesso em: 18 nov. 2017.
BAROCAS, S.; HOOD, S.; ZIEWITZ, M. Governing Algorithms: A Provocation Piece, mar. 2013. Disponivel em: <https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2245322>. Acesso em: 1 dez. 2017.
BEER, D. Power through the algorithm? Participatory web cultures and the technological unconscious. New Media & Society, v. 11, n. 6, p. 985-1002, 2009.
BEER, D. The social power of algorithms. Information, Communication, & Society, v. 20, n. 1, p. 1-13, 2017.
BLACK, J. Decentring regulation: understanding the role of regulation and self regulation in a “post-regulatory” world. Current Legal Problems, v. 54, n. 1, p. 103-146, 2001.
BLASS, A.; GUREVICH, Y. Bulletin of the European Association for Theoretical Computer Science, n. 1, p. 195-225, out. 2003. Disponivel em: <https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/publication/164-algorithms-quest-absolute-definitions/?from=http%3A%2F%2Fresearch.microsoft.com%2F~gurevich%2Fopera%2F164.pdf>. Acesso em: 19 nov. 2017.
BRIN, S.; PAGE, L. The Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hypertextual Web Search Engine. Computer Networks & ISDN Systems, v. 30, n. 1-7, p. 107-117, abr. 1998.
BUCHER, T. Want to be on the top? Algorithmic power and the threat of invisibility on Facebook. New Media & Society, v. 14, n. 7, p. 1164-1180 , abr. 2012.
BUTT, D. FCJ-198 New International Information Order (NIIO) Revisited: Global Algorithmic Governance and Neocolonialism. The Fibreculture Journal, v. 27, mar. 2016. Disponivel em: <http://twentyseven.fibreculturejournal.org/2016/03/08/fcj-198-new-international-information-order-niio-revisited-global-algorithmic-governance-and-neocolonialism/>. Acesso em: 27 nov. 2017.
CAMPBELL-VERDUYN, M.; GOGUEN, M.; PORTER, T. Big Data and algorithmic governance: the case of financial practices. New Political Economy, v. 22, n. 2, p. 219-236, ago. 2016.
CHABERT, J.-L. (Ed.). A History of Algorithms: From the Pebble to the Microchip. Nova Iorque, Estados Unidos da América: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 1999.
CHENEY-LIPPOLD, J. A NewAlgorithmic Identity: Soft Biopolitics and the Modulation of Control. Theory, Culture & Society, v. 28, n. 6, p. 164-181, 2011.
COGLIANESE, C.; LEHR, D. Regulating by Robot: Administrative Decision Making in the Machine-Learning Era. Georgetown Law Journal, v. 105, p. 1147 e ss., jun. 2017. Disponivel em: <https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2928293>. Acesso em: 27 nov. 2017.
COLETTA, C.; KITCHIN, R. Algorhythmic governance: Regulating the ‘heartbeat’ of a city using the Internet of Things. Big Data & Society, v. 4, n. 2, nov. 2017.
CRAVO, V. O Big Data e os desafios da modernidade: uma regulação necessária? Revista de Direito Setorial e Regulatório, v. 1, n. 2, p. 243-257, out. 2015.
DANAHER, J. et al. Algorithmic governance: Developing a research agenda through the power of collective intelligence. Big Data & Society, v. 4, n. 2, set. 2017.
DONEDA, D.; ALMEIDA, V. A. F. What Is Algorithm Governance? IEEE Internet Computing, v. 20, n. 4, p. 60-63, jul.-ago. 2016.
FRIEDMAN, B.; NISSENBAUM, H. Bias in Computer Systems. ACM Transactions on Information Systems, v. 14, n. 3, p. 330-347, 1996.
GANDY, O. Engaging Rational Discrimination: Exploring Reasons for Placing Regulatory Constraints on Decision Support Systems. Ethics and Information Technology, v. 12, n. 1, p. 29-42, 2010.
GUREVICH, Y. Sequential Abstract State Machines Capture Sequential Algorithms. ACM Transactions on Computational Logic, v. 1, n. 1, p. 77-111, jul. 2000.
INTRONA, L. D. Algorithms, Performativity and Governability. Discussion paper para a conferência Governing Algorithms, 2013. Disponivel em: <http://governingalgorithms.org/resources/discussion-papers/>. Acesso em: 27 nov. 2017.
INTRONA, L. D. Algorithm, Governance, and Governmentality: On governing academic writing. Science, Technology, & Human Values, v. 41, n. 1, p. 17-49, jun. 2015.
JESSOP, B. The regulation approach, governance and post-Fordism: alternative perspectives on economic and political change? Economy and Society, v. 24, n. 3, p. 307-333, 1995.
JUST, N.; LATZER, M. Governance by algorithms: reality construction by algorithmic selection on the Internet. Media, Culture & Society, v. 39, n. 2, p. 238”“258, 2017.
KERSBERGEN, K. V.; WAARDEN, F. V. ‘Governance’ as a bridge between disciplines: Cross-disciplinary inspiration regarding shifts in governance and problems of governability, accountability and legitimacy. European Journal of Political Research, v. 43, p. 143”“171, 2004.
KITCHIN, R. Big Data, new epistemologies and paradigm shifts. Big Data & Society, v. 1, n. 1, p. 1-12, abr.-jun. 2014.
KNUTH, D. E. The Art of Computer Programming, Vol. 2: Seminumerical Algorithms. Reading, Massachussets, Estados Unidos da América: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1969.
KOWALSKI, R. Algorithm = Logic + Control. Communications of the ACM , v. 22, n. 7, p. 424-436, 1979.
KURZWEIL, R. The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology. Nova Iorque, Estados Unidos da América: Viking Penguin, 2005.
LEADBEATER, C. The Civic Long Tail. Londres, Reino Unido: Demos, 2011.
LEIGHTON, A. et al. Algorithmic Regulation. Discussion Paper Series, Centre for Analysis of Risk and Regulation at the London School of Economics and Political Science, Londres, Reino Unido, n. 85, set. 2017.
LEVI-FAUR, D. Regulation &Regulatory Governance. Jerusalem Papers in Regulation & Governance Working Paper Series, n. 1, p. 1-40, 2010.
LO BELLO, A. Origins of Mathematical Words: A Comprehensive Dictionary of Latin, Greek, and Arabic Roots. Baltimore, Estados Unidos da América: Th e Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013.
LOBATO, L. C. Algoritmos e os limites da teoria das Relações Internacionais. 6º Encontro Nacional da ABRI, Belo Horizonte, jul. 2017. Disponivel em: <http://www.encontro2017.abri.org.br/resources/anais/8/1498051168_ARQUIVO_LuisaCruzLobato.EncontroNacionaldaABRI2017.pdf>. Acesso em: 27 nov. 2017.
LODGE, M. Regulation scholarship in crisis? Centre for Analysis of Risk and Regulation Discussion Paper Series, n. 84, p. 1-7, out. 2016. Disponivel em: <http://www.lse.ac.uk/accounting/CARR/pdf/DPs/CARR_DP84-Martin-Lodge.pdf>. Acesso em: 25 nov. 2017.
LODGE, M.; MENNICKEN, A. The importance of regulation of and by algorithm. In: Andrews, Leighton. et al. Algorithmic Regulation. Centre for Analysis of Risk and Regulation Discussion Paper Series, n. 85, nov. 2017. Acesso em: 27 nov. 2017.
MASSANARI, A. #Gamergate and The Fappening: How Reddit’s algorithm, governance, and culture support toxic technocultures. New Media & Society, v. 19, n. 3, p. 329-346, out. 2015.
MCQUILLAN, D. Algorithmic States of Exception. European Journal of Cultural Studies, v. 18, n. 4-5, p. 564-576, jun. 2015.
MEDINA, E. Rethinking algorithmic regulation. Kybernetes, v. 44, n. 6-7, p. 1005-1019, 2015.
MELLAMPHY, D.; MELLAMPHY, N. B. FCJ”“185 An Algorithmic Agartha: Post-App Approaches to Synarchic Regulation. The Fibreculture Journal, n. 25, p. 162-182, 2015.
MITTELSTADT, B. D. et al. The ethics of algorithms: Mapping the debate. Big Data & Society, v. 3, n. 2, p. 1-21, dez. 2016.
MOROZOV, E. The rise of data and the death of politics. The Guardian, 20 jul. 2014. Disponivel em: <https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/jul/20/rise-of-data-death-of-politics-evgeny-morozov-algorithmic-regulation>. Acesso em: 15 nov. 2017.
MUELLER, M. Networks and States: The Global Politics of Internet Governance. Cambridge, Estados Unidos da América: The MIT Press, 2010.
MÜLLER-BIRN, C.; DOBUSCH, L.; HERBSLEB, J. D. Work-to-rule: the emergence of algorithmic governance in Wikipedia. C&T '13: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Communities and Technologies, p. 80-89, jun. 2013.
MURRAY, A. D. The regulation of cyberspace: control in the online environment. Nova Iorque, Estados Unidos da América: Routledge-Cavendish, 2007.
MURRAY, A. D. Looking Back at the Law of the Horse: Why Cyberlaw and the Rule of Law are Important. SCRIPTed, v. 13, n. 3, p. 312-319, out. 2013.
MUSIANI, F. Governance by algorithms. Internet Policy Review, v. 2, n. 3, p. 1-8, ago. 2013.
O'NEIL, C. Weapons of Math Detruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy. Nova Iorque, Estados Unidos da América: Crown, 2016.
O'REILLY, T. Open data and algorithmic regulation. In: GOLDSTEIN, B.; DYSON, L. Beyond transparency ”“ open data and the future of civic innovation. São Francisco, Estados Unidos da América: Code for America Press, 2013. p. 289”“300.
PASQUALE, F. Black Box Society: The Secret Algorithms That Control Money and Information. Cambridge, Massachussets, Estados Unidos da América: Harvard University Press, 2015.
PITT, J. et al. Collective Intelligence and Algorithmic Governance of Socio-Technical Systems. In: MIORANDI, D., et al. Social Collective Intelligence: Combining the Powers of Humans and Machines to Build a Smarter Society. [S.l.]: Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2014a. p. 31-50.
PITT, J. et al. Algorithmic self-governance and the design of socio-technical systems. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, v. 1283, p. 262-273, 2014b. Disponivel em: <http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1283/paper_33.pdf>. Acesso em: 3 dez. 2017.
PITT, J.; DIACONESCU; ADA. The Algorithmic Governance Of Common-Pool Resources. In: CLIPPINGER, J. H.; BOLLIER, D. From Bitcoin to Burning Man and Beyond: The Quest for Identity and Autonomy in a Digital Society. [S.l.]: ID3 and Off The Common Books, 2014c. Disponivel em: <https://idcubed.org/chapter-12-algorithmic-governance-common-pool-resources/>. Acesso em: 3 dez. 2017.
ROBERTS, S. L.; ELBE, S. Catching the flu: Syndromic surveillance, algorithmic governmentality and global health security. Security Dialogue, v. 48, n. 1, p. 46-62, set. 2016.
ROUVROY, A. Data Without (Any)Body? Algorithmic governmentality as hyper-disadjointment and the role of Law as technical organ. General Organology Conference, University of Kent, Canterbury, Reino Unido, nov. 2014.
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2018-11-13
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MACHADO, Henrique Felix de Souza. Algorithms, regulation, and governance: a literature review. Journal of Law and Regulation, [S. l.], v. 4, n. 1, p. 39–62, 2018. Disponível em: https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/rdsr/article/view/19131. Acesso em: 17 jul. 2024.
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