Regulação da inteligência artificial baseada em riscos e a sua responsividade
Palavras-chave:
Inteligência artificial. Regulação. Risk-based theory. Conformidade. Constrangimento legal.Resumo
[Propósito] Examinar a responsividade da proposta europeia de regulação da inteligência artificial (IA) baseada em riscos.
[Metodologia/abordagem/design] A parte 1 examinará a regulação de tecnologias e, em especial, de sistemas de IA; a parte 2, a estrutura do regulamento em discussão; e, ao fim, analisar-se-á a proposta europeia à luz da Really Responsive Regulation.
[Resultados] Os resultados indicarão se a proposta regulatória europeia é responsiva aos comportamentos dos regulados, ao ambiente institucional, à lógica regulatória, à sua própria performance e às mudanças quanto às prioridades, circunstâncias e objetivos da regulação.
[Implicações práticas] A adoção de um modelo regulatório responsivo poderá diminuir os riscos na utilização de IA, otimizar o seu uso em benefício de toda a sociedade, facilitar a conformidade e a efetiva aplicação das normas.
[Relevância] A proposta europeia[1] tende a influenciar que outros países adotem também uma abordagem baseada no risco, a exemplo do Brasil.[2] Espera-se que a regulação de IA baseada em risco à luz da teoria da regulação realmente responsiva contribua com os debates para a adoção de uma regulamentação pátria dessa matéria, consideradas as peculiaridades do sistema jurídico brasileiro e do setor envolvido.
[1] Cf. Proposta de Regulamento do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho que estabelece regras harmonizadas em matéria de inteligência artificial, apresentada pela Comissão Europeia em abril de 2021 - COM(2021)0206, em tramitação no Parlamento Europeu. Consulta realizada em: 12/02/2023.
[2] Cf. Projeto de Lei (PL) brasileiro 21/2020, iniciado na Câmara dos Deputados, em tramitação no Senado Federal.
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