Ambos os três
Sobre algumas distinções tipológicas e seu significado estrutural na teoria do parentesco
Palavras-chave:
AntropologiaResumo
Este trabalho1 analisa as diferenças formais entre algumas configurações de parentesco reconhecidas pela tradição antropológica ”” as variedades ‘dravidiana’, ‘kariera’ e ‘iroquesa’ do esquema terminológico dito ‘fusão bifurcada’ (bifurcate merging) ”” e as discute no quadro da teoria estrutural da aliança desenvolvida por C. Lévi-Strauss c L. Dumont. Após estabelecer as diferenças entre estas variedades, examino dois pares conceituais centrais da teoria do parentesco, a saber, ‘consangüíneo/afim’ e ‘paralelo/ cruzado’; em seguida, avanço uma conjetura sobre os correlatos matrimoniais possíveis das terminologias com cruzamento iroquês; por fim, evoco uma variante do sistema dravidiano difundida na América do Sul indígena, concluindo com algumas considerações sobre a possibilidade de diferentes princípios classificatórios coexistirem em uma mesma organização social, o que põe em questão a idéia comum de que a cada unidade etnográfica de tipo ‘sociedade’ corresponderia um modelo terminológico único.
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Referências
ALBERT, Bruce. 1985. Temps du Sang, Temps des Cendres: Representation de la Maladie, Système Rituel et Espace Politique chez les Yanomami du Sud-est (Amazonie Brésilienne). Tese de do u to rad o , Université de Paris X, Nanterre.
ALL EN, Nicholas J. 1975. Byansi Kinship Term inology: A Study in Symmetry. Man 10 (1): 80-94.
_______ . [19961. “The Prehistory o f Dravidian-type T e rm in o lo g ie s". In Transformations o f Kinship Systems: Dravidian, Australian, Iroquois a n d Crow-Omaha (T. T rau tm an n , M. Godelier & F. T jon Sie F a t, o rg s .), Washington D .C .: Smithsonian Institution Press (em p reparação).
A RCAND, Bernard. 1977. “Th e Logic o f Cuiva Kinship” . Actes du XLIIeme Congrès In te rnational des Américanistes. Vol.II: 19-34.
A RVE LLO -JIM ÉN EZ, Nelly. 1974. Relaciones Políticas en una So c ied a d Tribal: Estudio de los Y e ’cuana, Indígenas d e l Amazonas Venezoelano. Mexico: Instituto Indigenista Interamericano.
BARNARD, Alan & Anthony GOOD. 1984. Research Practices in the Study o f Kinship. Londres: Academic Press.
BARNES, Robert H. 1984. Two Crows Denies It: The History o f a Controversy in Omaha Sociology. Lincoln: University o f Nebraska Press.
BOUE Z, Serge. 1989. “ L ’Alliance Classificatoire chez les Ho: Préférence ou P re sc rip tio n ” . In Les Complexités de ¡ ’alliance, I: les systèmes semi-complexes (F. Héritier-Augé & E. Co p et-R o u g ier o rg s .). Paris: Archives Contemporaines. pp. 1-22.
BOWDEN, Ross. 1983. Kwoma Terminology and M arriage Alliance: The ‘O m a h a ’ Problem Revisited. Man 18 (4): 745-65.
BU CH L ER , Ira R. 1967. L ’A nalyse Formelle des Terminologies de Párente Iroquoises. L 'H om m e 7(1) : 5-31.
BU CH L ER , Ira R. & Henry A. SELBY. 1968. Kinship & Social Organization: An Introduction to Theory an d Method. New York: Macmillan.
CALA V IA , O scar. 1995. O Nome e o Tem po dos Yaminawa. Tese de d o u to ra d o . U n iv e rs id a de de São Paulo.
C AM PB E LL, Alan T. 1989. To S quare with Genesis: Causal Statements a n d Shamanic Ideas in Wayãpí. Edinburgo: Edinburgh University Press.
CO E LH O DE SO U ZA , Marcela S. 1995. “Da Complexidade do Elementar: Para uma Reco n sideração do Parentesco X inguano” . In Antropologia do p a ren te s co : estudos amerindios (E. Viveiros de C astro, org .). Rio de Janeiro: Editora da UFRJ. pp. 121-206.
D aMA TTA , Roberto. 1979. “The Apinayé Relationship System: Term inology and Id eo lo g y ” .In D ialectical Societies: The Gê a n d Bororo o f Central Brazil (D. Maybury-Lewis, o rg .). C am b rid g e , M ass.: Ha rva rd University Press. pp. 83-127.
D ESCO LA, Philippe. 1993a. Les Affinités Sélectives: Alliance, G uerre e t Predation dans 1’Ensemble Jiv aro . L 'H om m e 1 2 6 /1 2 8 (3 3 (2/4)]: 171-190. . 1993b. Les Lances du Crépuscule: Relations Jivaros, Haute-Amazonie. Paris: Plon.
D O L E , G e rtrude . 1957. The Development o f Patterns o f Kinship Nomenclature. Tese ded o u to ra d o . University o f Michigan. . 1969. Generation Kinship Nomenclature as an Adaptation to Endogamy. Southwestern J o u rn a l o f A n thropology 25 (2): 105-123.
_______ . 1978. “ Pattern and Variation in Amahuaca Kin T e rm in o lo g y ” . In Social C o rre la te s of Kin Term inology (Working Papers on South American Indians, I) (K. Kensinger, o rg .). Bennington: Bennington College, pp. 13-36.
DR EY FU S , Simone. 1977. “Note su r l'E sp a c e des Relations Sociales e t la Structure deParenté: Propositions p our un Modéle Sud-américain de l’A lliance Sym é triq u e ” . Actes du XLIIeme Congrès International des Américanistes. Vol.II: 379-385.
DUM O N T , Louis. 1971. Introduction à Deu x Theories d ’Anthropologie Sociale: Groupes de Filiation et A lliance de M a n a g e . Paris: Mouton.
_______ . [1953, 1957, 1966, 1970] 1975. Dravidien et Kariera: L ’Alliance de M a n a g e dans I'ln d e d u Sud, et en Australie. Paris: Mouton.
_______ . 1983a. Affinity as Value: Marriage Alliance in South India, with Comparative Essays on Australia. Londres: The University o f Chicago Press.
_______ . 1983b. “La V a leur chez les M odem e s et les A u tre s .” In Essais su r I ’lndividualisme: Une Perspective Anthropologique su r l ’Idéologie Moderne (L. Dumont). Paris: Seuil. pp. 222-262.
EGGAN, Fred . [1937] 1955. “The C heyenne and Arapaho Kinship System". In Social Organization o f North American Tribes (F. Eggan, o rg .). Chicago: The University of Ch ic ag o Press (edição aumentada), pp. 35-95.
ELKIN, A. P. [1954] 1967. Les Aborigènes Australiens. Paris: Gallimard.
ERIKSON, Philippe. 1990. Le Matis d ’Amazonie: Parure du C o rp s , Identité Ethnique et Organisation Sociale. Tese de do u to rad o , Université de Paris X, Nanterre.
EVANS-PR ITCHARD, Edward E. 1951. Kinship a n d Marriage among th e Nuer. Oxford: C la rendon.
FAUSTO, C arlos. 1991. Os Parakanã: Casamento A vuncular e Dravidianato na Amazonia. Dissertação de me strado. Museu Nacional.
_______ . 1995. “De Primos e Sobrinhas: Terminologia e Aliança entre os P arakanã (Tupi) do P a rá ” . In Antropologia do p a ren te s co : Estudos Ameríndios (E. Viveiros de Castro, o rg .). Rio de Jane iro: Editora da UFRJ. pp. 61-119.
G EL L, Alfred. 1975. Me tamorphosis o f th e Cassowaries: Umeda Society, L a n g u a g e a n d Ritual. Londres: Athlone.
GOOD, Anthony. 1980. E ld e r’s Sister D au g h ter Marriage in South Asia. Jo u rn a l o f Anth ro p o lo g ica l Research 36 (4): 474-500.
_______ Ӣ 1981. Prescription, Preference and Practice: Marriage Practices among the Kondaiyankottai M arav a r o f South India. Man 16 (1): 108-129.
_______ . [sem data], “On the non-existence o f ‘Dravidian k in sh ip ’” , (inédito).
G O O D EN O U GH , Ward H . 1970. Description an d Comparison in Cultural Anthropology. C am bridge : Cambridge University Press.
GOODY, Jack . [1956] 1969. “A Comparative Approach to Incest and A d u lte ry ” . In
Comparative Studies in Kinship (J. Goody). Stanford: Stanford University Press, pp. 13- 38.
GOUGH, Kathleen. 1959. Resenha de Louis Dumont, Une Sous-caste d ’ln d e du Sud. Man 59, art. 323.
_______ . 1966. Resenha de Louis Dumont, Une Sous-caste d ’ln d e du S u d e Hierarchy a n d Marriage Alliance in South Indian Kinship. Current Anthropology 7 (3): 332-335.
GREGOR, Thom as. 1985. Anxious Pleasures: The S exual Lives o f an Amazonian People. Chicago: The University o f Chicago Press.
GREGORY, C h ris A. 1982. Gifts an d Commodities. Londres: Academic Press.
H EN L EY , Paul. 1972. The Panare: Tradition a n d Change on the Amazonian Frontier. New Haven: Yale University Press.
_______ . [sem data], “ South Indian models in the Amazonian lowlands", (a ser publicado em The J o u rn a l o f the Royal Anthropological Institute).
H ERITIER, Françoise . 1981. L 'E xe rcic e de la Pa ren te . Paris: Seuil/Gallimard.
HORNBORG, Alf. 1988. Dualism a n d Hierarchy in Low la n d South America: Trajectories o f Indigenous Social Organization. Estocolmo: Almqvist & Wiksell (Uppsala Studies in Cultural A nthropology, 9).
_______ . 1993. Panoan Marriage Sections: A Comparative Perspective. Ethnology 32 (1): 101- 108.
HO U SEM A N , Michael. 1989. “Les Structures de l’A lliance chez les Beti: Analyse Critique du Fonc tio n n em en tMa trim o n ia l dans les Systèmes Sem i-com p lex e s.” In Les Complexités de ¡ ’alliance, I: les systèmes semi-complexes (F. Héritier-Augé & E. C o pet-R ougier, o rg s.).
Paris: Archives Contemporaines. pp. 149-177.
H OUSEM AN, Michael & Douglas R. WHITE. [ 1995]. “ Structures réticulaires de la pratique m a trim oniale ” , (a ser publicado em L ’Homme).
_______. [1996]. “Taking Sides. Marriage Networks and Dravidian Kinship in Lowland South A m e ric a ” . In Transformations o f Kinship Systems: Dravidian, Australian, Iroquois a n d Crow-Omaha (T. Trautmann, M. G o d e lie r& F. Tjon Sie Fat, o rg s .). Washington D .C .: Smithsonian Institution Press (em preparação).
IVES, John W. 1990. A Theory o f Northern Athapaskan Prehistory. Boulder/San F ran c isco / Calgary: Westview Press/The University o f Calgary Press.
_______ . [1996]. “Developmental Processes in the Pre-contact History o f Athapaskan, Algonquian and Numic Kinship Systems” . In Transformations o f Kinship Systems: Dravidian, Australian, Iroquois a n d Crow-Omaha (T. Trau tm an n , M. Go d e lie r & F. Tjon Sie Fat, o rg s .). Washington D .C .: Smithsonian Institution Press (em prep a ra ção ).
JACKSON, Jean. 1983. The Fish People: Linguistic Exogamy a n d Tukanoan Identity in Northwest Amazonia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
JU ILL ERA T, Bernard. 1977. Terminologie de Parenté Ia fa r (Nouvelle-Guinée). L 'H om m e 17 (4): 5-33.
_______ . 1986. Les Enfants du Sang: Société, Reproduction et Imaginaire en N ouvelle Guinée. Paris: Editions de la Maison des Sciences de I'Homme.
KAY, Paul. 1965. A Generalization o f the C ross/P arallel Distinction. American A nthropologist 67 (1): 30-43.
____ . 1967. On the Multiplicity of C ross/P arallel Distinctions. American A nthropologist 69 (1): 83-85.
KEESING, Roger. 1975. Kin Groups a n d Social Structure. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
KENSINGER, Kenneth M. 1984. “An Emic model o f Cashinahua m a rriag e .” In Marriage Practices in Low la n d South America (K. Kensinger, o rg .). Urbana: University o f Illinois Press, pp. 221-251.
______. 1991. “ Panoan Kinship Terminology and Social Organization: Drav id ian o r Kariera, o r Something Else ? ” Trabalho apresentado ao simpósio “Classic Panoan Topics in the Light o f Recent R esearch". XLVII International Congress o f Americanists, Tulane University, Nova Orleans.
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_______ . 1984. Paroles D o n n ie s . Paris: Plon.
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_______ . 1982. D u Bon Usage du Sexe et du M a n a g e . Structures Matrimoniales du Haut Plateau Nigérian. Paris/Québec: L ’H armattan / Serge Fleury.
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_______ . 1973. Prescription. Oceania 43 (3): 166-81.
OBERG, Kalervo. 1953. Indian Tribes o f Northern Mato Grosso, Brazil. Washington D C.: Smithsonian Institution (Institute o f Social Anthropology, Publication n° 15). 8
ALL EN, Nicholas J. 1975. Byansi Kinship Term inology: A Study in Symmetry. Man 10 (1): 80-94.
_______ . [19961. “The Prehistory o f Dravidian-type T e rm in o lo g ie s". In Transformations o f Kinship Systems: Dravidian, Australian, Iroquois a n d Crow-Omaha (T. T rau tm an n , M. Godelier & F. T jon Sie F a t, o rg s .), Washington D .C .: Smithsonian Institution Press (em p reparação).
A RCAND, Bernard. 1977. “Th e Logic o f Cuiva Kinship” . Actes du XLIIeme Congrès In te rnational des Américanistes. Vol.II: 19-34.
A RVE LLO -JIM ÉN EZ, Nelly. 1974. Relaciones Políticas en una So c ied a d Tribal: Estudio de los Y e ’cuana, Indígenas d e l Amazonas Venezoelano. Mexico: Instituto Indigenista Interamericano.
BARNARD, Alan & Anthony GOOD. 1984. Research Practices in the Study o f Kinship. Londres: Academic Press.
BARNES, Robert H. 1984. Two Crows Denies It: The History o f a Controversy in Omaha Sociology. Lincoln: University o f Nebraska Press.
BOUE Z, Serge. 1989. “ L ’Alliance Classificatoire chez les Ho: Préférence ou P re sc rip tio n ” . In Les Complexités de ¡ ’alliance, I: les systèmes semi-complexes (F. Héritier-Augé & E. Co p et-R o u g ier o rg s .). Paris: Archives Contemporaines. pp. 1-22.
BOWDEN, Ross. 1983. Kwoma Terminology and M arriage Alliance: The ‘O m a h a ’ Problem Revisited. Man 18 (4): 745-65.
BU CH L ER , Ira R. 1967. L ’A nalyse Formelle des Terminologies de Párente Iroquoises. L 'H om m e 7(1) : 5-31.
BU CH L ER , Ira R. & Henry A. SELBY. 1968. Kinship & Social Organization: An Introduction to Theory an d Method. New York: Macmillan.
CALA V IA , O scar. 1995. O Nome e o Tem po dos Yaminawa. Tese de d o u to ra d o . U n iv e rs id a de de São Paulo.
C AM PB E LL, Alan T. 1989. To S quare with Genesis: Causal Statements a n d Shamanic Ideas in Wayãpí. Edinburgo: Edinburgh University Press.
CO E LH O DE SO U ZA , Marcela S. 1995. “Da Complexidade do Elementar: Para uma Reco n sideração do Parentesco X inguano” . In Antropologia do p a ren te s co : estudos amerindios (E. Viveiros de C astro, org .). Rio de Janeiro: Editora da UFRJ. pp. 121-206.
D aMA TTA , Roberto. 1979. “The Apinayé Relationship System: Term inology and Id eo lo g y ” .In D ialectical Societies: The Gê a n d Bororo o f Central Brazil (D. Maybury-Lewis, o rg .). C am b rid g e , M ass.: Ha rva rd University Press. pp. 83-127.
D ESCO LA, Philippe. 1993a. Les Affinités Sélectives: Alliance, G uerre e t Predation dans 1’Ensemble Jiv aro . L 'H om m e 1 2 6 /1 2 8 (3 3 (2/4)]: 171-190. . 1993b. Les Lances du Crépuscule: Relations Jivaros, Haute-Amazonie. Paris: Plon.
D O L E , G e rtrude . 1957. The Development o f Patterns o f Kinship Nomenclature. Tese ded o u to ra d o . University o f Michigan. . 1969. Generation Kinship Nomenclature as an Adaptation to Endogamy. Southwestern J o u rn a l o f A n thropology 25 (2): 105-123.
_______ . 1978. “ Pattern and Variation in Amahuaca Kin T e rm in o lo g y ” . In Social C o rre la te s of Kin Term inology (Working Papers on South American Indians, I) (K. Kensinger, o rg .). Bennington: Bennington College, pp. 13-36.
DR EY FU S , Simone. 1977. “Note su r l'E sp a c e des Relations Sociales e t la Structure deParenté: Propositions p our un Modéle Sud-américain de l’A lliance Sym é triq u e ” . Actes du XLIIeme Congrès International des Américanistes. Vol.II: 379-385.
DUM O N T , Louis. 1971. Introduction à Deu x Theories d ’Anthropologie Sociale: Groupes de Filiation et A lliance de M a n a g e . Paris: Mouton.
_______ . [1953, 1957, 1966, 1970] 1975. Dravidien et Kariera: L ’Alliance de M a n a g e dans I'ln d e d u Sud, et en Australie. Paris: Mouton.
_______ . 1983a. Affinity as Value: Marriage Alliance in South India, with Comparative Essays on Australia. Londres: The University o f Chicago Press.
_______ . 1983b. “La V a leur chez les M odem e s et les A u tre s .” In Essais su r I ’lndividualisme: Une Perspective Anthropologique su r l ’Idéologie Moderne (L. Dumont). Paris: Seuil. pp. 222-262.
EGGAN, Fred . [1937] 1955. “The C heyenne and Arapaho Kinship System". In Social Organization o f North American Tribes (F. Eggan, o rg .). Chicago: The University of Ch ic ag o Press (edição aumentada), pp. 35-95.
ELKIN, A. P. [1954] 1967. Les Aborigènes Australiens. Paris: Gallimard.
ERIKSON, Philippe. 1990. Le Matis d ’Amazonie: Parure du C o rp s , Identité Ethnique et Organisation Sociale. Tese de do u to rad o , Université de Paris X, Nanterre.
EVANS-PR ITCHARD, Edward E. 1951. Kinship a n d Marriage among th e Nuer. Oxford: C la rendon.
FAUSTO, C arlos. 1991. Os Parakanã: Casamento A vuncular e Dravidianato na Amazonia. Dissertação de me strado. Museu Nacional.
_______ . 1995. “De Primos e Sobrinhas: Terminologia e Aliança entre os P arakanã (Tupi) do P a rá ” . In Antropologia do p a ren te s co : Estudos Ameríndios (E. Viveiros de Castro, o rg .). Rio de Jane iro: Editora da UFRJ. pp. 61-119.
G EL L, Alfred. 1975. Me tamorphosis o f th e Cassowaries: Umeda Society, L a n g u a g e a n d Ritual. Londres: Athlone.
GOOD, Anthony. 1980. E ld e r’s Sister D au g h ter Marriage in South Asia. Jo u rn a l o f Anth ro p o lo g ica l Research 36 (4): 474-500.
_______ Ӣ 1981. Prescription, Preference and Practice: Marriage Practices among the Kondaiyankottai M arav a r o f South India. Man 16 (1): 108-129.
_______ . [sem data], “On the non-existence o f ‘Dravidian k in sh ip ’” , (inédito).
G O O D EN O U GH , Ward H . 1970. Description an d Comparison in Cultural Anthropology. C am bridge : Cambridge University Press.
GOODY, Jack . [1956] 1969. “A Comparative Approach to Incest and A d u lte ry ” . In
Comparative Studies in Kinship (J. Goody). Stanford: Stanford University Press, pp. 13- 38.
GOUGH, Kathleen. 1959. Resenha de Louis Dumont, Une Sous-caste d ’ln d e du Sud. Man 59, art. 323.
_______ . 1966. Resenha de Louis Dumont, Une Sous-caste d ’ln d e du S u d e Hierarchy a n d Marriage Alliance in South Indian Kinship. Current Anthropology 7 (3): 332-335.
GREGOR, Thom as. 1985. Anxious Pleasures: The S exual Lives o f an Amazonian People. Chicago: The University o f Chicago Press.
GREGORY, C h ris A. 1982. Gifts an d Commodities. Londres: Academic Press.
H EN L EY , Paul. 1972. The Panare: Tradition a n d Change on the Amazonian Frontier. New Haven: Yale University Press.
_______ . [sem data], “ South Indian models in the Amazonian lowlands", (a ser publicado em The J o u rn a l o f the Royal Anthropological Institute).
H ERITIER, Françoise . 1981. L 'E xe rcic e de la Pa ren te . Paris: Seuil/Gallimard.
HORNBORG, Alf. 1988. Dualism a n d Hierarchy in Low la n d South America: Trajectories o f Indigenous Social Organization. Estocolmo: Almqvist & Wiksell (Uppsala Studies in Cultural A nthropology, 9).
_______ . 1993. Panoan Marriage Sections: A Comparative Perspective. Ethnology 32 (1): 101- 108.
HO U SEM A N , Michael. 1989. “Les Structures de l’A lliance chez les Beti: Analyse Critique du Fonc tio n n em en tMa trim o n ia l dans les Systèmes Sem i-com p lex e s.” In Les Complexités de ¡ ’alliance, I: les systèmes semi-complexes (F. Héritier-Augé & E. C o pet-R ougier, o rg s.).
Paris: Archives Contemporaines. pp. 149-177.
H OUSEM AN, Michael & Douglas R. WHITE. [ 1995]. “ Structures réticulaires de la pratique m a trim oniale ” , (a ser publicado em L ’Homme).
_______. [1996]. “Taking Sides. Marriage Networks and Dravidian Kinship in Lowland South A m e ric a ” . In Transformations o f Kinship Systems: Dravidian, Australian, Iroquois a n d Crow-Omaha (T. Trautmann, M. G o d e lie r& F. Tjon Sie Fat, o rg s .). Washington D .C .: Smithsonian Institution Press (em preparação).
IVES, John W. 1990. A Theory o f Northern Athapaskan Prehistory. Boulder/San F ran c isco / Calgary: Westview Press/The University o f Calgary Press.
_______ . [1996]. “Developmental Processes in the Pre-contact History o f Athapaskan, Algonquian and Numic Kinship Systems” . In Transformations o f Kinship Systems: Dravidian, Australian, Iroquois a n d Crow-Omaha (T. Trau tm an n , M. Go d e lie r & F. Tjon Sie Fat, o rg s .). Washington D .C .: Smithsonian Institution Press (em prep a ra ção ).
JACKSON, Jean. 1983. The Fish People: Linguistic Exogamy a n d Tukanoan Identity in Northwest Amazonia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
JU ILL ERA T, Bernard. 1977. Terminologie de Parenté Ia fa r (Nouvelle-Guinée). L 'H om m e 17 (4): 5-33.
_______ . 1986. Les Enfants du Sang: Société, Reproduction et Imaginaire en N ouvelle Guinée. Paris: Editions de la Maison des Sciences de I'Homme.
KAY, Paul. 1965. A Generalization o f the C ross/P arallel Distinction. American A nthropologist 67 (1): 30-43.
____ . 1967. On the Multiplicity of C ross/P arallel Distinctions. American A nthropologist 69 (1): 83-85.
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Viveiros de Castro, Eduardo. 2018. “Ambos Os Três: Sobre Algumas distinções tipológicas E Seu Significado Estrutural Na Teoria Do Parentesco”. Anuário Antropológico 20 (1):9-91. https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/anuarioantropologico/article/view/6598.
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