Desistência do crime
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-6992-201833030008Palavras-chave:
Desistência criminal, Reforma de maturação, Pontos de virada, Prevenção terciária, Apoio aos egressosResumo
O texto explora o conceito da desistência criminal, cada vez mais empregado na literatura criminológica contemporânea, a discutir o tema da estabilidade e da mudança comportamental a partir de novas bases teóricas. O trabalho discute as contribuições de diferentes teorias criminológicas e oferece uma síntese sobre as principais evidências encontradas em estudos longitudinais, destacando a relevância do fator etário para a desistência considerada na hipótese da “reforma de maturação”. A partir da “perspectiva do curso de vida” (Sampson & Laub, 1995), são indicados os chamados “pontos de virada” representados por eventos especiais correlacionados à desistência como o casamento, o nascimento do primeiro filho, a conquista de um emprego formal, entre outros. Com base na experiência internacional, sustenta-se que o fenômeno da desistência pode ser amplamente estimulado com políticas públicas e programas específicos, o que tenderia a produzir impactos positivos quanto à segurança pública. Em sua parte final, esse desafio é situado na realidade brasileira, com a sugestão de caminhos para a prevenção terciária, particularmente no que tange à integração comunitária dos egressos do sistema prisional.
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