O princípio de razão, o utilitarismo e o antiutilitarismo

Authors

  • Alain Caillé Universidade de Nanterre

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-69922001000100003

Keywords:

utilitarismo; racionalidade; dádiva; Marcel Mauss

Abstract

In this article, it's demonstrated how certain notions derived from the Rationalism and utilized in Social Sciences are strongly determinated by the utilitarian tradition and, therefore, the very concept of rationality, in practice, bears uncertain limits given its subordination to the concept of interested calculation. Criticism aiming at the utilitarian rationality is complex as far as different meanings for utilitarism are at stake: a practical level, such as the economical utilitarism preaching the satisfaction of primary and egoistic material interests; a theoretical level, proposing that all human beings are, by nature, egoistic and calculators; and a normative level, creating a tie between Justice and the satisfaction of a huger number of individuals. Criticism to these thesis leads the author to remind Marcel Mauss contribution to settle a new paradigme based on the concept of donation. Mauss' text is a fundamental one to understand the passage of a antiutilistarist negative criticism to another antiutilitarist positive criticism, supported by this new paradigme.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Alain Caillé, Universidade de Nanterre

Diretor do GEODE (Grupo de Estudos e Observação sobre Democracia) da Universidade de Nanterre e editor da Revue du M. A. U. S. S.

References

BOUCHE, Jean-François. De l’utilité dans la Révolution. Revue du MAUSS,

Paris, n. 8, p. 142-162, 2º trim. 1990.).

CAILLÉ, A. Esquisse d’une critique de l’économie de la pratique. Cahiers du

Lasa, Universidade de Caen, n. 8-9, p. 103-214, 1º sem. 1988; reeditado

em Cahiers du Lasa, n. 12-13, 1992.

_______. Le juste, l’utile et l’agréable: l’utilitarisme dans La Republique de

Platon. Revue du MAUSS, n. 6, p.69-96, 4º trim. 1989; n. 7, p. 127-151,

º trim. 1990.

DAVIDSON, Donald. Paradoxos de l’irrationalité. Paris : L’Éclat, 1991.

DOMENECH, Jacques. L’éthique des Lumières. Paris : Vrin, 1989.

DUPUY, Jean-Pierre. Le sacrifice et l’envie. Paris : Calmann-Lévy, 1992.

ELSTER, Jon. Les raisins verts: l’utilitarisme et la genèse des besoins. Bulletin

du MAUSS, n. 6, p. 9-41, 2. trim. 1983.

ELSTER, Jon. The cement of society. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press,

_______. Ulysses and the sirens: studies in rationality and irrationality.

Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1979.

FRANKFURT, Harry. Freedom of the will and the concept of a person. The

Journal of Philosopby, n. 68, p. 5-20, 1971.

GAUTHIER, David. Morals by agreement. Oxford University Press, 1986.

GODBOUT, Jacques; CAILLÉ, Alain. L’esprit du don. Paris : La Découverte,

GUYAU, Jean-Marie. La morale d’Épicure et la morale contemporaine. Paris,

HALÉVY, Élie. La formation du radicalisme philosophique. 1903.

__________. La formation du radicalisme philosophique. Paris : Alean, 1903.

tomos.

HARSANYI, J. C. Morality and the Theory of Rational Behavior. In: SEN,

Amartya; WILLIAMS, Bernard. Utilitarism and Beyond. Cambidge :

Cambridge University Press, 1982.

HEIDEGGER, Martin. Le principe de raison. Paris : Gallimard, 1962.

MILL, John Stuart. L’ utilitarisme. Paris : Flammarion, 1968.

MOSER, P. K. et al. Rationality in action: contemporary approaches. Cambridge

University Press, Nova York, 1990.

NEUBERG, Marc. La théorie de l’action: textos majeurs de la philosoplue

analytique de l’action. Liége : Mardaga, 1991.

PARFIT, Derek. Reasons and Persons, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1984.

SCHELER, Max. Nature et formes de la sympathie, 1913. Paris : Petite

Bibliothèque Payot, 1971.

SIMON, Herbert. Models of bounded rationality. Cambridge, Mass : MIT Press,

SPERBER, Dan; WILSON, Deirdre. La pertinence. Paris : Minuit, Paris, 1989.

VAN PARIJS, Philippe. Qu’est ce qu’une société juste? Paris : Seuil.

Published

2001-12-01

How to Cite

Caillé, A. . (2001). O princípio de razão, o utilitarismo e o antiutilitarismo . Sociedade E Estado, 16(01 e 02), 26–56. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-69922001000100003