Pensando a Homoparentalidade: Um Estudo Qualitativo com Jovens Adultos Portugueses sem Filhos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/0102.3772e3646%20Palavras-chave:
Jovens adultos, Lésbicas e gays, Desejo de ter filhos, Intenção de ter filhos, EntrevistasResumo
O momento atual caracteriza-se por importantes mudanças sociais e legais, com potenciais repercussões na vida de pessoas lésbicas e gays. O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar perceções de jovens adultos portugueses sem filhos relativamente ao eventual projeto de parentalidade. Foram realizadas entrevistas a sete pessoas que se autoidentificaram como lésbicas, gays e bissexuais e que se voluntariaram para participar no estudo. As transcrições das entrevistas foram submetidas a Análise Interpretativa Fenomenológica. Os temas emergentes revelaram que o desejo e a intenção de ter filhos se associavam à ponderação de desafios ligados ao heterossexismo, mas também à reflexão sobre condições e recursos a mobilizar para o enfrentar. São apresentadas implicações com vista à otimização das experiências individuais a este nível.
Downloads
Referências
Aboim, S., Costa, C., & Gomes, N. (2012). Famílias LGBT e políticas públicas. In Observatório das Famílias e Políticas de Família (Org.), Seminário Políticas Públicas e Novas Parentalidades. http://www.observatoriofamilias.ics.ul.pt/images/OFAPseminario2012/aboim%20_costa_%20gomes_%20familias%20lgbt%20e%20politicas%20publicas.pdf
Alarcão, M. (2006). (Des)Equilíbrios familiares: Uma visão sistémica (3a ed.). Quarteto.
American Psychological Association. (2005). Lesbian and gay parenting. Author.
American Psychological Association. (2012). Guidelines for psychological practice with lesbian, gay, and bisexual clients. American Psychologist, 67(1), 10-42. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024659
Baiocco, R., & Laghi, F. (2013). Sexual orientation and the desires and intentions to become parents. Journal of Family Studies, 19(1), 90-98. https://doi.org/10.5172/jfs.2013.19.1.90
Belsky, J. (1984). The determinants of parenting: A process model. Child Development, 55(1), 83-96. https://doi.org/10.2307/1129836
Belsky, J. (2008). Social-contextual determinants of parenting. In R. Tremblay, M. Boivin, & R. Peters (Eds.), Encyclopedia on Early Childhood Development (2ª ed. pp. 1-6). Centre of Excellence for Early Childhood Development and Strategic Knowledge Cluster on Early Child Development.
Berkowitz, D. (2011). Maternal instincts, biological clocks, and soccer moms: Gay men´s parenting and family narratives. Symbolic Interaction, 34(4), 514-535. https://doi.org/10.1525/si.2011.34.4.514
Berkowitz, D., & Marsiglio, W. (2007). Gay men: Negotiating procreative, father, and family identities. Journal of Marriage and Family, 69(2), 366-381. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2007.00371.x
Bos, H., van Balen, F., & van den Boom, D. (2003). Planned lesbian families: Their desire and motivation to have a child. Human Reproduction, 18(10), 2216-2224. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deg427
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1977). Toward an experimental ecology of human development. American Psychologist, 32, 513-531. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.32.7.513
Brown, S., Smalling, S., Groza, V., & Ryan, S. (2009). The experiences of gay men and lesbians in becoming and being adoptive parents. Adoption Quarterly, 12(3), 229-246. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926750903313294
Chabot, J., & Ames, B. (2004). ‘‘It wasn’t ‘let’s get pregnant and go do it’”: Decision making in lesbian couples planning motherhood via donor insemination. Family Relations, 53(4), 348-356. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0197-6664.2004.00041.x
Costa, P. A., & Bidell, M. (2017). Modern families: Parenting desire, intention, and experience among Portuguese lesbian, gay, and bisexuals individuals. Journal of Family Issues, 38(4), 500-521. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X16683985
Costa, P. A., Caldeira, S., Fernandes, I., Rita, C., Pereira, H., & Leal, I. (2013). Atitudes da população portuguesa em relação à homoparentalidade. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 26(4), 790-798. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-79722013000400020
Elder, G. (1998). The Life Course as developmental theory. Child Development, 69(1), 1-12.
Finlay, L. (2014). Engaging Phenomenological Analysis. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 11(2), 121-141. https://doi.org/10.1080/14780887.2013.807899
Frost, D. M., LeBlanc, A. J., de Vries, B., Alston-Stepnitz, E., Stephenson, R., & Woodyatt, C. (2017). Couple-level minority stress: An examination of same-sex couples’ unique experiences. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 58(4), 455-472. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022146517736754
Gato, J. (2016). Beyond comparison: New trends in research with families with GLB members in Europe. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 12(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1080/1550428X.2016.1127095
Gato, J., Santos, S., & Fontaine, A. M. (2017). To have or not to have children? That is the question. Factors influencing parental decisions among lesbian and gay men. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 14(3), 310-323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-016-0268-3
Gianino, M. (2008). Adaptation and transformation: The transition to adoptive parenthood for gay male couples. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 4(2), 205-243. https://doi.org/10.1080/15504280802096872
Goldberg, A. E. (2010). Lesbian and gay parents and their children: Research on the family life cycle. American Psychological Association.
Goldberg, A. E., Downing, J., & Moyer, A. (2012). Why parenthood, and why now? Gay men’s motivations for pursuing parenthood. Family Relations, 61(1), 157-174. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2011.00687.x
Goldberg, A. E., Gartrell, N., & Gates, G. (2014). Research report on LGB-parent families. The Williams Institute, UCLA School of Law. http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/lgb-parent-families-july-2014.pdf
Herek, G. (2009). Sexual stigma and sexual prejudice in the United States: A conceptual framework. In D. A. Hope (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation: Vol. 54. Contemporary perspectives on lesbian, gay, and bisexual identities (pp. 65-111). Springer Science + Business Media.
Hoghughi, M. (2004). Parenting-an introduction. In M. Hoghughi & N. Long (Eds.), Handbook of parenting. Theory and research for practice (pp. 1-18). Sage.
Lei n. 2, de 29 de fevereiro de 2016. (2016). Elimina as discriminações no acesso à adoção, apadrinhamento civil e demais relações jurídicas familiares.
Lei n. 9, de 31 de maio de 2010. (2010). Permite o casamento civil entre pessoas do mesmo sexo.
Lei n. 17, de 20 de junho de 2016. (2016). Alarga o âmbito dos beneficiários das técnicas de procriação medicamente assistida, procedendo à segunda alteração à Lei n. º 32/2006, de 26 de julho.
Lei n. 32, de 26 de julho de 2006. (2006). Procriação medicamente assistida.
Lincoln, Y., Lynham, S., & Guba, E. (2011). Paradigmatic controversies, contradictions, and emerging confluences, revisited. In N. Denzin & Y. Lincoln (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research (4ª ed, pp. 97-128). Sage.
Meyer, I. (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129(5), 674-697. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.5.674
Mezey, N. J. (2013). How lesbians and gay men decide to become parents or remain childfree. In A. E. Goldberg & K. R. Allen (Eds.), LGBT-parent families. innovations in research and implications for practice (pp. 59-70). Springer Services + Business Media.
Miller, W. (1994). Childbearing motivations, desires and intentions: A theoretical framework. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 120(2), 223-258.
Miller, W. (2011). Differences between fertility desires and intentions: Implications for theory, research and policy. Vienna Yearbook of Population Research, 9, 75-98. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41342806
Mills, M., Rindfuss, R. , McDonald, P., & te Velde, E. (2011). Why do people postpone parenthood? Reasons and social policy incentives. Human Reproduction Update, 17(6), 848-860. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmr026
Ordem dos Psicólogos Portugueses. (2013). Relatório de evidência científica psicológica sobre relações familiares e desenvolvimento infantil nas famílias homoparentais. Author.
Papalia, D. E., Olds, S. W., & Feldman, R. D. (2006). Desenvolvimento humano (8a ed.). Artmed.
QSR International. (2008). NVivo (Version 8) [Computer Software]. QSR International Pty.
Rabun, C., & Oswald, R. F. (2009). Upholding and expanding the normal family: Future fatherhood through the eyes of gay male emerging adults. Fathering, 7(3), 269-285. https://doi.org/10.3149/fth.0703.269
Ramos, V., Atalaia, S., & Cunha, V. (2016). Vida familiar e papéis de género: Atitudes dos Portugueses em 2014 (Research brief 2016). Instituto de Ciências Sociais da Universidade de Lisboa. http://www.observatoriofamilias.ics.ul.pt/
Riskind, R., & Patterson, C. (2010). Parenting intentions and desires among childless lesbian, gay, and heterosexual individuals. Journal of Family Psychology, 24(1), 78-81. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017941
Smith, J. A. (2011). Evaluating the contribution of interpretative phenomenological analysis. Health Psychology Review, 5(1), 9-27. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2010.510659
Smith, J. A., & Osborn, M. (2008). Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. In J. A. Smith (Ed.), Qualitative Psychology. A practical guide to research methods (2a ed., pp. 53-80). Sage.
Stacey, J. (2006). Gay parenthood and the decline of paternity as we knew it. Sexualities, 9(1), 27-55. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363460706060687
Touroni, E., & Coyle, A. (2002). Decision-making in planned lesbian parenting: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 12(3), 194-209. https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.672
Xavier, P., Alberto, I., & Mendes, F. (2017). Same-sex parenting: Identification of social representations in a sample of Portuguese professionals. Journal of Homosexuality, 66, 274-296. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2017.1400314
Yardley, L. (2008). Demonstrating validity in qualitative psychology. In J. A. Smith (Ed.), Qualitative Psychology. A practical guide to research methods (2a ed., pp. 235-251). Sage.
Yin, R. (2011). Qualitative research from start to finish. The Guilford Press.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2020 Paula Xavier, Isabel Alberto, Francisco Mendes
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.