Desempenho e Solução de Problemas em Equipes Virtuais:
Um Estudo Experimental
Palavras-chave:
Desempenho de equipe, Equipes virtuais, Solução de problemas, Estudo experimentalResumo
O estudo analisou as diferenças no desempenho de indivíduos e grupos em uma tarefa de reprodução e memorização de texto com uso de computadores. Participaram 50 estudantes de nível superior, distribuídos aleatoriamente em duas condições experimentais: grupal (n=26) e individual (n=24). Utilizaram-se cinco instrumentos: crenças e percepção de conflitos sobre o trabalho em equipe, auto e hetero atribuição de estados afetivos e estratégias de solução de problemas. Grupos apresentaram maior eficácia de memorização e apreensão de conteúdo. A condição experimental não influenciou as crenças e a percepção de conflitos em relação ao trabalho em grupo.
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Referências
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organizations. Organization Science, 10(6), 741-757.
Alper, E., Tjosvold, D., & Law, K. S. (2000). Conflict management,
efficacy, and performance in organizational teams. Personnel
Psychology, 53(3), 625-642.
Alves, G. C., & Gondim, S. M. G. (2014). Solução de problemas
e tomada de decisão em equipes virtuais: um estudo de caso.
In J. C. Ribeiro, T. Miranda, & A. T. Soares (Eds.), Práticas
interacionais em rede (pp. 11-28). Salvador: EDUFBA.
Anawati, D., & Craig, A. (2006). Behavioral adaptation within
cross-cultural virtual teams. IEEE Transactions on Professional
Communication, 49(1), 44-56.
Bandura, A. (2000). Exercise of human agency through collective
efficacy. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9(3),
75-78.
Bartel, C. A., & Saavedra, R. (2000). The collective construction
of work group moods. Administrative Science Quarterly,
45(2), 197-231.
Barsade, S. (2001). The ripple effect: Emotional contagion and its
influence on group behavior. Administrative Science Quarterly,
47(4), 644-675.
Bell, B. S., & Kozlowski, S. W. (2002). A typology of virtual teams.
Group & Organization Management, 27(1), 14-49.
Bell, S. T., & Marentette, B. J. (2011). Team viability for long-term
and ongoing organizational teams. Organizational Psychology
Review, 1(4), 275-292.
Csikszentmihalyi, M., & LeFevre, J. (1989). Optimal experience
in work and leisure. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 56(5), 815-822.
De Dreu, C. K. W., & Weingart, L. R. (2003). Task versus
relationship conflict, team performance, and team member
satisfaction: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology,
88(4), 741-749.
Ekman, P. (1992). Are there basic emotions? Psychological Review,
99(3), 550-553.
Gamero, N., González-Romá, V., & Peiró, J. M. (2008). The
influence of intra-team conflict on work teams’ affective
climate: A longitudinal study. Journal of Occupational and
Organizational Psychology, 81(1), 47-69.
Greenberg, J., & Baron, R. (1995) Behavior in organizations.
Understanding and managing the human side of the work.
New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Gondim, S. M. G., & Alvaro, J. L. (2010). Naturaleza y cultura en
el estudio de las emociones. Revista Española de Sociología
(RES), 13(1), 31-47.
Gondim, S. M. G., & Mutti, C. M. (2011). Affections in learning
situations: A study of an entrepreneurship skills development
course. Journal of Workplace Learning, 23(3), 195-208.
Gray, E., & Watson, D. (2001). Emotion, mood, and temperament:
Similarities, differences and a synthesis. In R. L. Payne & C.
L. Cooper (Eds.), Emotions at work: Theory, research and
applications for management (pp. 21-44). Chilchester: John
Wiley & Sons.
Griffith, T. L., & Meader, D. (2004). Prelude to virtual groups:
Leadership and technology in semi-virtual groups. In D.
Pauleen (Ed.), Virtual teams: Projects, protocols and processes
(pp. 231-254). Hershey, PA: Idea Group.
Griffith, T. L., & Neale, M. A. (2001). Information processing in
traditional, hybrid, and virtual teams: From nascent knowledge
to transactive memory. In B. M. Staw, & R. I. Suton (Eds.),
Research in organizational behavior (Vol. 23, pp. 379- 421).
Stanford CT: JAI Press.
Guzzo, R. A., & Shea, G. (1992). Group performance and intergroup
relations in organizations. In M. D Dunnette, & L. M. Hougs
(Eds.), Handbook of Industrial and Organization Psychology
(Vol. 3, pp. 269-313). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychology
Press.
Guzzo, R. A., & M. W. Dickson. (1996). Teams in organizations:
Recent research on performance and effectiveness. Annual
Review of Psychology, 47, 307-338.
Hackman, J. R. (1987). The design of work teams. In J. Lorsch
(Ed.), Handbook of organizational behavior (pp. 315-342).
Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Harrison, D. A., Mohammed, S., McGrath, J. E., Florey, A. T., &
Vanderstoep, S. W. (2003). Time matters in team performance:
Effects of member familiarity, entrainment, and task
discontinuity on speed and quality. Personnel Psychology,
56(3), 633-669.
Jehn, K. A. (1994). Enhancing effectiveness: An investigation of
advantages and disadvantages of valued based intragroup
conflict. International Journal of Conflict Management, 5(3),
223-238.
Kayworth, T. R., & Leidner, D. E. (2002). Leadership effectiveness
in global virtual teams. Journal of Management Information
Systems, 18(3), 7-40.
Laughlin, P. R., & Ellis, A. L. (1986). Demonstrability and social
combination processes on mathematical intellective tasks.
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 22(3), 177-189.
Lent, R. W., Schmidt, J., & Schmidt, L. (2006). Collective efficacy
beliefs in student work teams: Relation to self-efficacy,
cohesion, and performance. Journal of Vocational Behavior,
68(1), 73-84.
Martins, M. C. F., Guimarães, V. F., & Oliveira, M. C. (2006).
Adaptação e validação fatorial da Escala de Conflitos
Intragrupais. Anais do II Congresso Brasileiro de Psicologia
Organizacional e do Trabalho ”“ CBPOT. Brasília, DF.
Martins, M. C. F., & Puente-Palacios, K. (2010). O psicólogo e
sua inserção em equipes de trabalho. In A. V. B. Bastos & S.
M. G. Gondim (Eds.), O trabalho do psicólogo no Brasil (pp.
201-222). Porto Alegre: Artmed.
Potter, R. E., & Balthazard, P. A. (2002). Virtual team interaction
styles: Assessment and effects. International Journal of Human
Computer Studies, 56(4), 423-443.
Puente-Palacios, K. E. (2002). Depender ou não depender, eis
a questão: um estudo multinível do efeito de padrões de
interdependência na satisfação dos membros das equipes de
trabalho (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Universidade
de Brasília, Brasília.
Puente-Palacios, K. E., & Borges-Andrade, J. E. (2005). O efeito
da interdependência na satisfação de equipes de trabalho: um
estudo multinível. Revista de Administração Contemporânea,
9(3), 57-78.
Puente-Palacios, K. E., & Albuquerque, F. J. B. (2014).
Grupos e equipes de trabalho nas organizações. In J. C.
Zanelli, J. E., Borges-Andrade, & A.V. B. Bastos (Eds.),
Psicologia,organizações e trabalho no Brasil (2a ed., pp.
385-412). Porto Alegre: Artmed.
Rangolam, D. I., & Ballard, D. I. (2007). The meanings
and meaningfulness of time in virtual work practices.
Retrieved from http://wms-soros.mngt.waikato.ac.nz/
OrganizationalCommunication/Pre-conference.htm.
Saavedra, R., Earley, C., & Van Dyne, L. (1993). Complex
interdependence in Task-Performing Groups. Journal of
Applied Psychology, 78(1), 61-72.
Sauaia, A. C. A., & Zerrener, S. A. (2009). Jogos de empresas
e economia experimental: um estudo da racionalidade
organizacional na tomada de decisões. Revista de Administração
Contemporânea, Curitiba, 13(2), 189-209
Sternberg, R. J. (2000). Psicologia cognitiva. Porto Alegre: Artmed.
Van der Vegt, G., Emans, B., & Van de Vliert, E. (1999). Effects
of interdependencies in project teams. The Journal of Social
Psychology, 139(2), 202-214.
Van Der Vegt, G., Emans, B., & Van De Vliert, E. (2000). Team
members’ affective responses to patterns of intragroup
interdependence and job complexity. Journal of Management,
26(4), 633-655.
Wageman, R. (1995). Interdependence and group effectiveness.
Administrative Science Quarterly, 40, 145-180.
Watson, C. B., Chemers, M. M., & Preiser N. (2001). Collective
efficacy: A multilevel analysis. Personality and Social
Psychology Bulletin, 27(8), 1057-1068.
West, M., Borrill, C., & Unsworth, K. (1998). Team effectiveness
in organizations. International Review of Industrial and
Organizational Psychology, 13(2), 1-48.
Wosnitza, M., & Volet, S. (2005). Origin, direction and impact of
emotions in social online learning. Learning and Instruction,
15(5), 449-464.
organizations. Organization Science, 10(6), 741-757.
Alper, E., Tjosvold, D., & Law, K. S. (2000). Conflict management,
efficacy, and performance in organizational teams. Personnel
Psychology, 53(3), 625-642.
Alves, G. C., & Gondim, S. M. G. (2014). Solução de problemas
e tomada de decisão em equipes virtuais: um estudo de caso.
In J. C. Ribeiro, T. Miranda, & A. T. Soares (Eds.), Práticas
interacionais em rede (pp. 11-28). Salvador: EDUFBA.
Anawati, D., & Craig, A. (2006). Behavioral adaptation within
cross-cultural virtual teams. IEEE Transactions on Professional
Communication, 49(1), 44-56.
Bandura, A. (2000). Exercise of human agency through collective
efficacy. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9(3),
75-78.
Bartel, C. A., & Saavedra, R. (2000). The collective construction
of work group moods. Administrative Science Quarterly,
45(2), 197-231.
Barsade, S. (2001). The ripple effect: Emotional contagion and its
influence on group behavior. Administrative Science Quarterly,
47(4), 644-675.
Bell, B. S., & Kozlowski, S. W. (2002). A typology of virtual teams.
Group & Organization Management, 27(1), 14-49.
Bell, S. T., & Marentette, B. J. (2011). Team viability for long-term
and ongoing organizational teams. Organizational Psychology
Review, 1(4), 275-292.
Csikszentmihalyi, M., & LeFevre, J. (1989). Optimal experience
in work and leisure. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 56(5), 815-822.
De Dreu, C. K. W., & Weingart, L. R. (2003). Task versus
relationship conflict, team performance, and team member
satisfaction: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology,
88(4), 741-749.
Ekman, P. (1992). Are there basic emotions? Psychological Review,
99(3), 550-553.
Gamero, N., González-Romá, V., & Peiró, J. M. (2008). The
influence of intra-team conflict on work teams’ affective
climate: A longitudinal study. Journal of Occupational and
Organizational Psychology, 81(1), 47-69.
Greenberg, J., & Baron, R. (1995) Behavior in organizations.
Understanding and managing the human side of the work.
New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Gondim, S. M. G., & Alvaro, J. L. (2010). Naturaleza y cultura en
el estudio de las emociones. Revista Española de Sociología
(RES), 13(1), 31-47.
Gondim, S. M. G., & Mutti, C. M. (2011). Affections in learning
situations: A study of an entrepreneurship skills development
course. Journal of Workplace Learning, 23(3), 195-208.
Gray, E., & Watson, D. (2001). Emotion, mood, and temperament:
Similarities, differences and a synthesis. In R. L. Payne & C.
L. Cooper (Eds.), Emotions at work: Theory, research and
applications for management (pp. 21-44). Chilchester: John
Wiley & Sons.
Griffith, T. L., & Meader, D. (2004). Prelude to virtual groups:
Leadership and technology in semi-virtual groups. In D.
Pauleen (Ed.), Virtual teams: Projects, protocols and processes
(pp. 231-254). Hershey, PA: Idea Group.
Griffith, T. L., & Neale, M. A. (2001). Information processing in
traditional, hybrid, and virtual teams: From nascent knowledge
to transactive memory. In B. M. Staw, & R. I. Suton (Eds.),
Research in organizational behavior (Vol. 23, pp. 379- 421).
Stanford CT: JAI Press.
Guzzo, R. A., & Shea, G. (1992). Group performance and intergroup
relations in organizations. In M. D Dunnette, & L. M. Hougs
(Eds.), Handbook of Industrial and Organization Psychology
(Vol. 3, pp. 269-313). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychology
Press.
Guzzo, R. A., & M. W. Dickson. (1996). Teams in organizations:
Recent research on performance and effectiveness. Annual
Review of Psychology, 47, 307-338.
Hackman, J. R. (1987). The design of work teams. In J. Lorsch
(Ed.), Handbook of organizational behavior (pp. 315-342).
Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Harrison, D. A., Mohammed, S., McGrath, J. E., Florey, A. T., &
Vanderstoep, S. W. (2003). Time matters in team performance:
Effects of member familiarity, entrainment, and task
discontinuity on speed and quality. Personnel Psychology,
56(3), 633-669.
Jehn, K. A. (1994). Enhancing effectiveness: An investigation of
advantages and disadvantages of valued based intragroup
conflict. International Journal of Conflict Management, 5(3),
223-238.
Kayworth, T. R., & Leidner, D. E. (2002). Leadership effectiveness
in global virtual teams. Journal of Management Information
Systems, 18(3), 7-40.
Laughlin, P. R., & Ellis, A. L. (1986). Demonstrability and social
combination processes on mathematical intellective tasks.
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 22(3), 177-189.
Lent, R. W., Schmidt, J., & Schmidt, L. (2006). Collective efficacy
beliefs in student work teams: Relation to self-efficacy,
cohesion, and performance. Journal of Vocational Behavior,
68(1), 73-84.
Martins, M. C. F., Guimarães, V. F., & Oliveira, M. C. (2006).
Adaptação e validação fatorial da Escala de Conflitos
Intragrupais. Anais do II Congresso Brasileiro de Psicologia
Organizacional e do Trabalho ”“ CBPOT. Brasília, DF.
Martins, M. C. F., & Puente-Palacios, K. (2010). O psicólogo e
sua inserção em equipes de trabalho. In A. V. B. Bastos & S.
M. G. Gondim (Eds.), O trabalho do psicólogo no Brasil (pp.
201-222). Porto Alegre: Artmed.
Potter, R. E., & Balthazard, P. A. (2002). Virtual team interaction
styles: Assessment and effects. International Journal of Human
Computer Studies, 56(4), 423-443.
Puente-Palacios, K. E. (2002). Depender ou não depender, eis
a questão: um estudo multinível do efeito de padrões de
interdependência na satisfação dos membros das equipes de
trabalho (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Universidade
de Brasília, Brasília.
Puente-Palacios, K. E., & Borges-Andrade, J. E. (2005). O efeito
da interdependência na satisfação de equipes de trabalho: um
estudo multinível. Revista de Administração Contemporânea,
9(3), 57-78.
Puente-Palacios, K. E., & Albuquerque, F. J. B. (2014).
Grupos e equipes de trabalho nas organizações. In J. C.
Zanelli, J. E., Borges-Andrade, & A.V. B. Bastos (Eds.),
Psicologia,organizações e trabalho no Brasil (2a ed., pp.
385-412). Porto Alegre: Artmed.
Rangolam, D. I., & Ballard, D. I. (2007). The meanings
and meaningfulness of time in virtual work practices.
Retrieved from http://wms-soros.mngt.waikato.ac.nz/
OrganizationalCommunication/Pre-conference.htm.
Saavedra, R., Earley, C., & Van Dyne, L. (1993). Complex
interdependence in Task-Performing Groups. Journal of
Applied Psychology, 78(1), 61-72.
Sauaia, A. C. A., & Zerrener, S. A. (2009). Jogos de empresas
e economia experimental: um estudo da racionalidade
organizacional na tomada de decisões. Revista de Administração
Contemporânea, Curitiba, 13(2), 189-209
Sternberg, R. J. (2000). Psicologia cognitiva. Porto Alegre: Artmed.
Van der Vegt, G., Emans, B., & Van de Vliert, E. (1999). Effects
of interdependencies in project teams. The Journal of Social
Psychology, 139(2), 202-214.
Van Der Vegt, G., Emans, B., & Van De Vliert, E. (2000). Team
members’ affective responses to patterns of intragroup
interdependence and job complexity. Journal of Management,
26(4), 633-655.
Wageman, R. (1995). Interdependence and group effectiveness.
Administrative Science Quarterly, 40, 145-180.
Watson, C. B., Chemers, M. M., & Preiser N. (2001). Collective
efficacy: A multilevel analysis. Personality and Social
Psychology Bulletin, 27(8), 1057-1068.
West, M., Borrill, C., & Unsworth, K. (1998). Team effectiveness
in organizations. International Review of Industrial and
Organizational Psychology, 13(2), 1-48.
Wosnitza, M., & Volet, S. (2005). Origin, direction and impact of
emotions in social online learning. Learning and Instruction,
15(5), 449-464.
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Publicado
2015-03-04
Como Citar
Guedes Gondim, S. M., Paranhos Moreno Batista, J., de Figueiredo Luna, A., Araújo Simões, A. C., dos Anjos Almeida Brantes, C., & Debiasi Alberton, G. (2015). Desempenho e Solução de Problemas em Equipes Virtuais:: Um Estudo Experimental. Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 30(4), 411–421. Recuperado de https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/revistaptp/article/view/18573
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Estudos Empíricos
