Fatores Legitimadores da Discriminação
Uma Revisão Teórica
Palavras-chave:
Preconceito, Discriminação social, Atitudes, LegitimaçãoResumo
O presente artigo apresenta uma revisão teórica sobre os mecanismos legitimadores da discriminação identificados em teorias clássicas da Psicologia Social. Neste sentido, analisamos como esses mecanismos são tratados em quatro perspectivas teóricas: as diferenças individuais; os conflitos de interesses; o processo de categorização; e os processos identitários. Orientamos nossa análise seguindo a ideia de que as teorias analisadas têm explicado a discriminação “intergrupal” recorrendo a fatores legitimadores das desigualdades sociais, ainda que a referência a estes fatores não tenha sido feita de forma explícita. Finalmente, propomos que o recurso a fatores justificadores da discriminação representa o mecanismo através do qual preconceito leva à discriminação, sendo as percepções de ameaça realista e simbólica alguns dos importantes fatores legitimadores da discriminação.
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