Controle pelo Estímulo:
Aspectos Conceituais e Metodológicos acerca do Controle Contextual
Palavras-chave:
Controle contextual, Relação condicional, Contingência, Equivalência de estímulosResumo
O artigo aborda algumas implicações do paradigma da equivalência de estímulos na Análise Experimental do Comportamento. São apresentadas duas expansões propostas por Sidman ao conceito de contingência tríplice enquanto unidade
de análise para o estudo das interações organismo-ambiente. A primeira expansão (contingência de quatro termos) é fundamentada na distinção entre as funções controladoras dos estímulos discriminativo e condicional. A segunda expansão
(contingência de cinco termos) é fundamentada na função controladora do ambiente de selecionar discriminações condicionais de um repertório comportamental. São discutidos exemplos relativos a tais expansões, bem como descritos o paradigma da equivalência de estímulos e o procedimento de pareamento-de-acordo-com-o-modelo. O artigo menciona também dois programas de pesquisa que poderiam fornecer melhor sustentação empírica para as expansões propostas na unidade de análise.
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Referências
Bush, K., Sidman, M. & De Rose, T. (1989). Contextual control of
emergent equivalence relations. Journal of the Experimental
Analysis ofBehavior, 51, 29-45.
Catania,A.C.(l984). Leanwng. (2aed.).NewJersey:Prentice-Hall,
Englewood Cliffs.
Chiasson, CA. (1993). Contcxtual control over the transfer of
function through stimulus equivalence classes. Experimental
Analysis ofHuman Behavior Bulletin, 12 (1), 2.
Cumming, W. & Berryman, R. (1965). The complex discriminated
operant: Studies of matching-to-sample and related problems.
Em D.I. Mostofsky (Org.), Stimulus generalization (pp. 284-
330). Stanford: Stanford University Press.
D'OHveira, M.M. & Matos, M.A. (1993). Controle discriminativo
na aquisição da leitura: efeito da repetição e variação na posição
das sílabas e letras. Temas em Psicologia, 2, 99-108.
De Rose, J.C (1993). Classes de estímulos: implicações para uma
análise comportamental da cognição. Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa,
9, 283-303.
De Rose, J.C, Mcllvane, W., Dube, W., Galpin, V. & Stoddard, W.
(1988). Emergent simple discrimination cstablished by indirect
relation to differcntial consequences. Journal of the Experimental
Analysis of Behavior, 50, 1 -20.
De Rose, J.C, Souza, D.G., Rossito, A.L. & De Rose, T. (1992).
Stimulus equivalence and generalization in reading after matching-
to-sample by exclusion. Em S.C. Hayes & L. Hayes (Orgs.),
Understanding verbal relations (pp. 69-82). Nevada, Reno:
Context Press
Devany, J., Hayes, S.C. & Nelson, R. (1986). Equivalence class
formation in Ianguage-able and language disable children.
Journal ofthe Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 46,243-257.
Gatch, M. & Osborne, J. (1989). Transfer of contextual stimulus
function via equivalence class development. Journal of the
Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 51, 369-378.
Hayes, S.C, Devany, J., Kohlenberg, B., Brownstein, A. & Shelby,
J. (1987). Stimulus equivalence and the symbolic control of
behavior. Revista Mexicana de Análisis de Ia Conducta, 13,
361-374.
Hayes, S.C, Kohlenberg, B. & Hayes, L. (1991). The transfer of
specific and general consequential funetions through simple
and conditional equivalence relations. Journal of the Experimental
Analysis of Behavior, 56, 119-137.
Kcnnedy, C. & Laitinen, R. (1988). Second-order conditional control
of symmetric and transitive stimulus relations: The influence
of order effects. Psychological Recorcl, 38, ATI-446.
Kohlenberg, B., Hayes, S.C. & Hayes, L. (1991). The tranfer of
contextual control over equivalence classes through equivalence
classes: A possible model of social stcrcotyping. Journal
ofthe Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 56, 505-518.
Lynch, D. & Green, G. (1991). Development and crossmodal
transfer of contextual control of emergent stimulus relations.
Journal ofthe Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 56, 139-154.
Mackay, H. & Sidman, M. (1984). Teaching new behavior via
equivalence relations. Em P.H. Brooks, R. Sperber & C.
McCauley (Orgs.), Learning and cognition in mentally retarded
(p. 493-513). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Markham, M. & Dougher, M.J. (1993). Compound stimuli in
emergent stimulus relations: Extending the scope of stimulus
equivalence. Journal ofthe Experimental Analysis of Behavior,
60, 529-542.
Matos, M.A. (1981). O controle de estímulo sobre o comportamento.
Psicologia, 7(2), 1-15.
Matos, M.A. & D'01iveira, M. (1992). Equivalence relations and
reading. Em S.C. Hayes & L. Hayes (Orgs.), Understanding
Verbal Relations (p. 83-94). Nevada, Reno: Context Press
Perez-Gonzalez, L.A. & Serna, R. (1993). Basic stimulus control
funetions in the five-term contingency. Experimental Analysis
ofHuman Behavior Bulletin, 11(2), 52-54.
Saunders, R. Spradlin, J. (1990). Conditional discrimination in
mentally retarded adults: The development of generalized
skills. Journal ofthe Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 54,
239-250.
Sidman, M. (1971). Reading and auditory-visual equivalences.
Journal ofSpeech and Hearing Research, 14, 5-13.
Sidman, M. (1986). Functional analysis of emergent verbal classes.
Em T. Thompson & M. Zeiler (Orgs.), Analysis and integration
ofbehavioral units (pp. 213-245). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Sidman, M. (1991). Stimulus equivalence in and out ofthe laboratory.
Proceedings 21slAnnual Congress ofthe European Association
for Behavior Therapy. Oslo, Norway.
Sidman, M. (1992). Equivalence relations: Some basic considerations.
Em S.C. Hayes & L. Hayes (Orgs.), Understanding
verbal relations (pp. 1- 28). Nevada, Reno: Context Press.
Sidman, M. & Cresson, O. (1973). Reading and crossmodal transfer
of stimulus equivalence in severe retardation. American Journal
of Mental Deficiency, 77, 515-523.
Sidman, M. & Tailby, W. (1982). Conditional discrimination vs.
matching-to-sample: An expansion of the testing paradigm.
Journal ofthe Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 37, 5-22.
Spradlin, J., Cotter, V.W. & Baxley, N. (1973). Establishing a
conditional discrimination without direct training: A study of
transfer with retarded adolescents. American Journal of Mental
Deficiency, 77, 556-566.
Stromer, R., Mcllvane, N.J. & Serna, R. (1993). Complex stimulus
control and equivalence. The Psychological Recorcl, 43, 585-
598.
Wulfert, E., Greenway, D. & Dougher, M. (1994). Third-order
equivalence classes. The Psychological Recorcl, 44, 411-439.
Wulfert, E. & Hayes, S.C. (1988). Transfer of a conditional ordering
responses through conditional equivalence classes. Journal of
the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 50, 125-144.
emergent equivalence relations. Journal of the Experimental
Analysis ofBehavior, 51, 29-45.
Catania,A.C.(l984). Leanwng. (2aed.).NewJersey:Prentice-Hall,
Englewood Cliffs.
Chiasson, CA. (1993). Contcxtual control over the transfer of
function through stimulus equivalence classes. Experimental
Analysis ofHuman Behavior Bulletin, 12 (1), 2.
Cumming, W. & Berryman, R. (1965). The complex discriminated
operant: Studies of matching-to-sample and related problems.
Em D.I. Mostofsky (Org.), Stimulus generalization (pp. 284-
330). Stanford: Stanford University Press.
D'OHveira, M.M. & Matos, M.A. (1993). Controle discriminativo
na aquisição da leitura: efeito da repetição e variação na posição
das sílabas e letras. Temas em Psicologia, 2, 99-108.
De Rose, J.C (1993). Classes de estímulos: implicações para uma
análise comportamental da cognição. Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa,
9, 283-303.
De Rose, J.C, Mcllvane, W., Dube, W., Galpin, V. & Stoddard, W.
(1988). Emergent simple discrimination cstablished by indirect
relation to differcntial consequences. Journal of the Experimental
Analysis of Behavior, 50, 1 -20.
De Rose, J.C, Souza, D.G., Rossito, A.L. & De Rose, T. (1992).
Stimulus equivalence and generalization in reading after matching-
to-sample by exclusion. Em S.C. Hayes & L. Hayes (Orgs.),
Understanding verbal relations (pp. 69-82). Nevada, Reno:
Context Press
Devany, J., Hayes, S.C. & Nelson, R. (1986). Equivalence class
formation in Ianguage-able and language disable children.
Journal ofthe Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 46,243-257.
Gatch, M. & Osborne, J. (1989). Transfer of contextual stimulus
function via equivalence class development. Journal of the
Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 51, 369-378.
Hayes, S.C, Devany, J., Kohlenberg, B., Brownstein, A. & Shelby,
J. (1987). Stimulus equivalence and the symbolic control of
behavior. Revista Mexicana de Análisis de Ia Conducta, 13,
361-374.
Hayes, S.C, Kohlenberg, B. & Hayes, L. (1991). The transfer of
specific and general consequential funetions through simple
and conditional equivalence relations. Journal of the Experimental
Analysis of Behavior, 56, 119-137.
Kcnnedy, C. & Laitinen, R. (1988). Second-order conditional control
of symmetric and transitive stimulus relations: The influence
of order effects. Psychological Recorcl, 38, ATI-446.
Kohlenberg, B., Hayes, S.C. & Hayes, L. (1991). The tranfer of
contextual control over equivalence classes through equivalence
classes: A possible model of social stcrcotyping. Journal
ofthe Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 56, 505-518.
Lynch, D. & Green, G. (1991). Development and crossmodal
transfer of contextual control of emergent stimulus relations.
Journal ofthe Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 56, 139-154.
Mackay, H. & Sidman, M. (1984). Teaching new behavior via
equivalence relations. Em P.H. Brooks, R. Sperber & C.
McCauley (Orgs.), Learning and cognition in mentally retarded
(p. 493-513). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Markham, M. & Dougher, M.J. (1993). Compound stimuli in
emergent stimulus relations: Extending the scope of stimulus
equivalence. Journal ofthe Experimental Analysis of Behavior,
60, 529-542.
Matos, M.A. (1981). O controle de estímulo sobre o comportamento.
Psicologia, 7(2), 1-15.
Matos, M.A. & D'01iveira, M. (1992). Equivalence relations and
reading. Em S.C. Hayes & L. Hayes (Orgs.), Understanding
Verbal Relations (p. 83-94). Nevada, Reno: Context Press
Perez-Gonzalez, L.A. & Serna, R. (1993). Basic stimulus control
funetions in the five-term contingency. Experimental Analysis
ofHuman Behavior Bulletin, 11(2), 52-54.
Saunders, R. Spradlin, J. (1990). Conditional discrimination in
mentally retarded adults: The development of generalized
skills. Journal ofthe Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 54,
239-250.
Sidman, M. (1971). Reading and auditory-visual equivalences.
Journal ofSpeech and Hearing Research, 14, 5-13.
Sidman, M. (1986). Functional analysis of emergent verbal classes.
Em T. Thompson & M. Zeiler (Orgs.), Analysis and integration
ofbehavioral units (pp. 213-245). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Sidman, M. (1991). Stimulus equivalence in and out ofthe laboratory.
Proceedings 21slAnnual Congress ofthe European Association
for Behavior Therapy. Oslo, Norway.
Sidman, M. (1992). Equivalence relations: Some basic considerations.
Em S.C. Hayes & L. Hayes (Orgs.), Understanding
verbal relations (pp. 1- 28). Nevada, Reno: Context Press.
Sidman, M. & Cresson, O. (1973). Reading and crossmodal transfer
of stimulus equivalence in severe retardation. American Journal
of Mental Deficiency, 77, 515-523.
Sidman, M. & Tailby, W. (1982). Conditional discrimination vs.
matching-to-sample: An expansion of the testing paradigm.
Journal ofthe Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 37, 5-22.
Spradlin, J., Cotter, V.W. & Baxley, N. (1973). Establishing a
conditional discrimination without direct training: A study of
transfer with retarded adolescents. American Journal of Mental
Deficiency, 77, 556-566.
Stromer, R., Mcllvane, N.J. & Serna, R. (1993). Complex stimulus
control and equivalence. The Psychological Recorcl, 43, 585-
598.
Wulfert, E., Greenway, D. & Dougher, M. (1994). Third-order
equivalence classes. The Psychological Recorcl, 44, 411-439.
Wulfert, E. & Hayes, S.C. (1988). Transfer of a conditional ordering
responses through conditional equivalence classes. Journal of
the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 50, 125-144.
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Publicado
2012-09-20
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Lopes Jr, J., & Matos, M. A. (2012). Controle pelo Estímulo:: Aspectos Conceituais e Metodológicos acerca do Controle Contextual. Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 11(1). Recuperado de https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/revistaptp/article/view/17210
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