Global regulation of international intellectual property through Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS): The European Union and Brazil
Palavras-chave:
TRIPS, Brasil, direito da União Europeia, harmonizaçãoResumo
Purpose ”“ This paper focuses on the regulation of copyrights at international level by comparing the situation under the TRIPS agreement in Brazil and in the European Union.
Methodology/approach/design ”“ This article analyses standards and literature on regulation, as well as the role of TRIPS agreement. Attention was specially drawn to the market failure theory for justifying regulation, advocated by Baldwin & Cave. The TRIPS agreement will be analysed through Baldwin’s five criteria for good regulation.
Findings ”“ The TRIPS agreement substantially widened the scope of governance of copyrights but imposes the WTO view on the matter. Notwithstanding its flaws, the TRIPS agreement remains the most comprehensive international agreement on intellectual property. According to Baldwin’s theory, the TRIPS agreement as a regulation is a good regulation. Indeed, it achieves the major part of the goals it set. However, some of the declared goals have never come to existence and had been replaced by other goals. On the overall, the TRIPS agreement has the capacity to regulate international intellectual property.
Originality/value ”“ This paper analyses the TRIPS agreement as a way forward in the harmonization of the rules on intellectual property.
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Referências
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Black, J. (2002). Critical Reflections on Regulation’, LSE Centre for Analysis of Risk and Regulation (CARR). Discussion Paper 4 .
Bronkers, M. (2008). Private Appeals to WTO Law: An Update. Journal of World Trade, 245.
Byrne, J. (1995). Changes on the Frontier of Intellectual Property Law: An Overview of the Changes Required by GATT. Duq. L. Rev., 121.
Chon, M. (2006). Intellectual property and the development divide. Cardozo Law Review, 2821.
Cooper Dreyfuss, R., & Lowenfeld, A. (1997). Two Achievements of the Uruguay Round: Putting TRIPS and Dispute Settlement Together. VA. J. INT'LL. , 275.
Correa, C. (2000). The Strenghtening of IPRs in Developing Countries and Complimentary Legislation. University of Buenos Aires.
Correa, C. (2007). Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights: A Commentary on the TRIPS Agreement. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Correa, C. (n.d.). Managing the Knowledge: The Design of Intellectual Property Laws. Retrieved from http://www.netamericas.net/Researchpapers/Documents/Ccorrea/Correa5.pdf
Cortez, N. (2014). Regulating Disruptive Innovation. Berkeley Tech L J, 175.
David, M., & Halbert, D. (2014). The SAGE Handbook of Intellectual Property. London: SAGE Publication Ltd.
De Baere, G., & Van Damme, I. (2012). Co-adaptation in the International Legal Order: The EU and the WTO . In J. C. Nouwen, Select Proceedings of the European Society of International Law. Hart Publishing.
De Castro, T. (2011). EU-India TRIPS-plus Agreement: A Real Threat for the Developing World? Contemporary European Studies, 23.
De Gucht, K. ‘.”“6. (2011). International Trade and Intellectual Property Rights. Retrieved from http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2011/september/tradoc_148192.pdf
Drahos, P. (n.d.). Expanding Intellectual Property’s Empire: the Role of FTAs. Retrieved from http://www.bilaterals.org/IMG/doc/Expanding_IP_Empire_-_Role_of_FTAs.doc
Drahos, P. (n.d.). The Universality of Intellectual Property Rights: Origins and Development. Retrieved from http://www.wipo.int/tk/en/hr/paneldiscussion/papers/pdf/drahos.pdf
Dreier, T. (1996). TRIPs and the Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights . In I. Studies, From GATT to TRIPS ”“ The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. Freidrich-Karl Beier & Gerhard Schricker eds.
Dunne, N. (2015). Competition Law and Economic Regulation: Making and Managing Markets. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dusollier, S. (2013). Pruning the European intellectual property tree: in search of common principles and roots. In C. Geiger, Constructing European Intellectual Property ”“ Achievements and New Perspectives. Cheltenham: Edward Edgar Publishing.
Eeckhout, P. (2004). External Relations of the European Union: Legal and Constitutional Foundations. Oxford : Oxford University Press.
Emmert, F. (1990). Intellectual Property in the Uruguay Round ”“ Negotiating Strategies of the Western Industrialized Countries. MICH. J. INT’L L. , 1317.
Emmert, F. (2012). International Trade Law. Heng Wang.
Evans, G. (1994). Intellectual Property as a Trade Issue - The Making of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. World Competition Law & Economic Review
Francis, J. (1993). The Politics of Regulation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Gerber, D. (2010). Global Competition: Law, Markets, and Globalization. Oxford: OUP Oxford.
Gerhart, P. (2000). Reflections: Beyond Compliance Theory ”“ TRIPS as a Substantive Issue. CASE W. RES. J. INT’L L., 357.
Gervais, D. (2003). The TRIPS Agreement: Drafting History and Analysis, 2nd edn. Sweet & Maxwell.
Gervais, D. (2005). Intellectual property, trade & development: The state of play. Fordham Law Review, 505.
Gorlin, J. J. (1999). An Analysis of the Pharmaceutical-Related Provisions of the WTO TRIPs (Intellectual Property) Agreement,Intellectual Property Institute. London : Intellectual Property Institute.
Hantke-Domas, M. (2003). The Public Interest Theory of Regulation: Non-Existence or Misinterpretation? European Journal of Law and Economics , 165-94.
Heide. (1999). The Berne Three-Step Test and the Proposed Copyright Directive. European IP Rev, 106.
Hestermeyer, H. (2013). The Notion of 'Trade-Related' Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights: From World Trade to EU Law - And Back Again. IIC, 925.
Hong, X. (2009). An Anatomical Study of the United States Versus China at the World Trade Organisation on Intellectual Property Enforcement. Eur. Intell. Prop. Rev., 292.
Krajewski, M. (2012). The Reform of the Common Commercial Policy. In A. B. al., EU Law after Lisbon. OUP.
Landes, W., & Posner, R. (1989). An Economic Analysis of Copyright Law. Journal of Legal Studies, 325.
Levine, M. E., & Forrence, J. L. (1990). Regulatory Capture, Public Interest and the Public Agenda: Towards Synthesis. Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 167.
Maskus, K. (1998). The role of intellectual property rights in encouraging foreign direct investment and technology transfer. Duke Journal of Comparative and International Law, 109.
Morgan, B., & Yeung, K. (2007). An Introduction to Law and Regulation. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
Mossinghoff, G. J. (2000). National Obligations Under Intellectual Property Treaties: The Beginning of a True International Regime. FED. CIR. B.J., 591.
Nguyen, T. T. (2010). Competition Law, Technology Transfer and the TRIPS Agreement: Implications for Developing Countries. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Otten, A. (1998). Implementation of the TRIPS Agreement and Prospects for its Future Development. J. INT'L ECON. L., 523.
Prosser, T. (2010). The Regulatory Enterprise: Government Regulation and Legitimacy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Reichman, J. (1997). Enforcing the Enforcement Procedures of the TRIPS Agreement. VA. J. INT'L L., 335.
Reichman, J. H. (1996). From Free Riders to Fair Followers: Global Competition Under the TRIPS Agreement. N.Y.U. J. INT'L L. & POL, 11.
Reichman, J. H. (2000). The TRIPS Agreement Comes of Age: Conflict or Cooperation with the Developing Countries. CASE W. RES. J. INT’L L., 3.
Ribeiro Barbosa, A. L. (2008). ‘Direct Effect’ of International Agreements within the Brazilian Legal System: The Case of the TRIPs Agreement. World Trade Institute.
Riffel, C. (2016). The Protection against Unfair Competition in the WTO TRIPS Agreement: The Scope and Prospects of Article 10bis of the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property. BRILL.
Schulz, C., & Wu, M. (2004). The TRIPS Agreement and Intellectual Property Protection In Brazil. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law, 100.
Shearing, C. (1994). A Constitutive Conception of Regulation. In P. G. Braithwaite, Business Regulation and Australia’s Future. Canberra Press.
Stamatoudi, I., & Torremans, P. (2014). EU Copyright Law: A Commentary. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Subramanian, S. (2010). EU Obligation to the TRIPS Agreement: EU Microsoft Decision. EJIL, 997.
Taketa, J. (2002). Note, The Future of Business Method Software Patents in the Intellectual Property System. S. CAL. L. REV, 943.
Taubman, A. (2011). A Practical Guide to Working with TRIPS. OUP.
Trade, D. (2006). Joint Communication from the EC, US, Japan and Switzerland to the TRIPS Council on IPR Enforcement. Retrieved from WTP TRIPS Council Doc IP/C/W/485.
Trade, D. G. (2004). Strategy for the Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights in Third Countries. OJ C 129/03.
Ullrich, H. a. (2016). TRIPS plus 20: From Trade Rules to Market Principles. Springer ed.
UNCTAD-ICTSD. (2004). Resource Book on TRIPS and Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Veljanovski, C. (2010). Economic Approaches to regulation. In M. C. Robert Baldwin, The Oxford Handbook of Regulation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Watal, J. (2001). Intellectual Property Rights in the WTO and Developing Countries. Kluwer Law International.
Weiss, F. (1990). TRIPS in Search of an Itinerary: Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights and the Uruguay Round Negotiations. In Liberalization of Services and Intellectual Property in the Uruguay Round of GATT 87. Giorgio Sacerdoti ed.
Wessel, R. A., & Blockmans, S. (2013). Between Autonomy and Dependence: The EU Legal Order under the Influence of International Organisations. Springer ed.
WIPO. (n.d.). Medium-term Plan for WIPO Program Activities ”“ Vision and Strategic Direction of WIPO. Retrieved from http://www.wipo.int/about-wipo/en/dgo/pub487.htm
YU, P. K. (2004). Currents and Crosscurrents in the International Intellectual Property Regime. Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review.
Yu, P. K. (2007). ‘The international enclosure movement. Indiana Law Journal, 827.
Yu, P. K. (2009). The objectives and principles of the TRIPS agreement. Houston Law Review, 46.
Yueh, L. (2009). The Law and Economics of Globalisation: New Challenges for a World in Flux. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Yusuf, A. A. (2008). TRIPS: Background, principles and general provisions. In C. Correa, & A. Yusuf, Intellectual Property and International Trade: TRIPS Agreement. Kluwer Law International.
Baldwin, R., Cave, M., & Lodge, M. (2012). Understanding Regulation: Theory, Strategy, and Practice. Oxford University Press.
Barbosa, D. B. (2003). Propriedade Intelectual, a Aplicação do Acordo TRIPS. Rio de Janeiro: Lumen Juris.
Barral, W. (2000). O Brasil e a OMC: os interesses brasileiros e as futuras negociações multilaterais. Florianópolis: Diploma Legal.
Barral, W., & Pimentel, L. O. (2007). Direito de propriedade intelectual e desenvolvimento . In W. Barral, & L. O. Pimentel, Propriedade intelectual e desenvolvimento. Florinópolis: Fundação Boiteux.
Black, J. (2002). Critical Reflections on Regulation’, LSE Centre for Analysis of Risk and Regulation (CARR). Discussion Paper 4 .
Bronkers, M. (2008). Private Appeals to WTO Law: An Update. Journal of World Trade, 245.
Byrne, J. (1995). Changes on the Frontier of Intellectual Property Law: An Overview of the Changes Required by GATT. Duq. L. Rev., 121.
Chon, M. (2006). Intellectual property and the development divide. Cardozo Law Review, 2821.
Cooper Dreyfuss, R., & Lowenfeld, A. (1997). Two Achievements of the Uruguay Round: Putting TRIPS and Dispute Settlement Together. VA. J. INT'LL. , 275.
Correa, C. (2000). The Strenghtening of IPRs in Developing Countries and Complimentary Legislation. University of Buenos Aires.
Correa, C. (2007). Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights: A Commentary on the TRIPS Agreement. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Correa, C. (n.d.). Managing the Knowledge: The Design of Intellectual Property Laws. Retrieved from http://www.netamericas.net/Researchpapers/Documents/Ccorrea/Correa5.pdf
Cortez, N. (2014). Regulating Disruptive Innovation. Berkeley Tech L J, 175.
David, M., & Halbert, D. (2014). The SAGE Handbook of Intellectual Property. London: SAGE Publication Ltd.
De Baere, G., & Van Damme, I. (2012). Co-adaptation in the International Legal Order: The EU and the WTO . In J. C. Nouwen, Select Proceedings of the European Society of International Law. Hart Publishing.
De Castro, T. (2011). EU-India TRIPS-plus Agreement: A Real Threat for the Developing World? Contemporary European Studies, 23.
De Gucht, K. ‘.”“6. (2011). International Trade and Intellectual Property Rights. Retrieved from http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2011/september/tradoc_148192.pdf
Drahos, P. (n.d.). Expanding Intellectual Property’s Empire: the Role of FTAs. Retrieved from http://www.bilaterals.org/IMG/doc/Expanding_IP_Empire_-_Role_of_FTAs.doc
Drahos, P. (n.d.). The Universality of Intellectual Property Rights: Origins and Development. Retrieved from http://www.wipo.int/tk/en/hr/paneldiscussion/papers/pdf/drahos.pdf
Dreier, T. (1996). TRIPs and the Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights . In I. Studies, From GATT to TRIPS ”“ The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. Freidrich-Karl Beier & Gerhard Schricker eds.
Dunne, N. (2015). Competition Law and Economic Regulation: Making and Managing Markets. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dusollier, S. (2013). Pruning the European intellectual property tree: in search of common principles and roots. In C. Geiger, Constructing European Intellectual Property ”“ Achievements and New Perspectives. Cheltenham: Edward Edgar Publishing.
Eeckhout, P. (2004). External Relations of the European Union: Legal and Constitutional Foundations. Oxford : Oxford University Press.
Emmert, F. (1990). Intellectual Property in the Uruguay Round ”“ Negotiating Strategies of the Western Industrialized Countries. MICH. J. INT’L L. , 1317.
Emmert, F. (2012). International Trade Law. Heng Wang.
Evans, G. (1994). Intellectual Property as a Trade Issue - The Making of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. World Competition Law & Economic Review
Francis, J. (1993). The Politics of Regulation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Gerber, D. (2010). Global Competition: Law, Markets, and Globalization. Oxford: OUP Oxford.
Gerhart, P. (2000). Reflections: Beyond Compliance Theory ”“ TRIPS as a Substantive Issue. CASE W. RES. J. INT’L L., 357.
Gervais, D. (2003). The TRIPS Agreement: Drafting History and Analysis, 2nd edn. Sweet & Maxwell.
Gervais, D. (2005). Intellectual property, trade & development: The state of play. Fordham Law Review, 505.
Gorlin, J. J. (1999). An Analysis of the Pharmaceutical-Related Provisions of the WTO TRIPs (Intellectual Property) Agreement,Intellectual Property Institute. London : Intellectual Property Institute.
Hantke-Domas, M. (2003). The Public Interest Theory of Regulation: Non-Existence or Misinterpretation? European Journal of Law and Economics , 165-94.
Heide. (1999). The Berne Three-Step Test and the Proposed Copyright Directive. European IP Rev, 106.
Hestermeyer, H. (2013). The Notion of 'Trade-Related' Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights: From World Trade to EU Law - And Back Again. IIC, 925.
Hong, X. (2009). An Anatomical Study of the United States Versus China at the World Trade Organisation on Intellectual Property Enforcement. Eur. Intell. Prop. Rev., 292.
Krajewski, M. (2012). The Reform of the Common Commercial Policy. In A. B. al., EU Law after Lisbon. OUP.
Landes, W., & Posner, R. (1989). An Economic Analysis of Copyright Law. Journal of Legal Studies, 325.
Levine, M. E., & Forrence, J. L. (1990). Regulatory Capture, Public Interest and the Public Agenda: Towards Synthesis. Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 167.
Maskus, K. (1998). The role of intellectual property rights in encouraging foreign direct investment and technology transfer. Duke Journal of Comparative and International Law, 109.
Morgan, B., & Yeung, K. (2007). An Introduction to Law and Regulation. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
Mossinghoff, G. J. (2000). National Obligations Under Intellectual Property Treaties: The Beginning of a True International Regime. FED. CIR. B.J., 591.
Nguyen, T. T. (2010). Competition Law, Technology Transfer and the TRIPS Agreement: Implications for Developing Countries. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Otten, A. (1998). Implementation of the TRIPS Agreement and Prospects for its Future Development. J. INT'L ECON. L., 523.
Prosser, T. (2010). The Regulatory Enterprise: Government Regulation and Legitimacy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Reichman, J. (1997). Enforcing the Enforcement Procedures of the TRIPS Agreement. VA. J. INT'L L., 335.
Reichman, J. H. (1996). From Free Riders to Fair Followers: Global Competition Under the TRIPS Agreement. N.Y.U. J. INT'L L. & POL, 11.
Reichman, J. H. (2000). The TRIPS Agreement Comes of Age: Conflict or Cooperation with the Developing Countries. CASE W. RES. J. INT’L L., 3.
Ribeiro Barbosa, A. L. (2008). ‘Direct Effect’ of International Agreements within the Brazilian Legal System: The Case of the TRIPs Agreement. World Trade Institute.
Riffel, C. (2016). The Protection against Unfair Competition in the WTO TRIPS Agreement: The Scope and Prospects of Article 10bis of the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property. BRILL.
Schulz, C., & Wu, M. (2004). The TRIPS Agreement and Intellectual Property Protection In Brazil. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law, 100.
Shearing, C. (1994). A Constitutive Conception of Regulation. In P. G. Braithwaite, Business Regulation and Australia’s Future. Canberra Press.
Stamatoudi, I., & Torremans, P. (2014). EU Copyright Law: A Commentary. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Subramanian, S. (2010). EU Obligation to the TRIPS Agreement: EU Microsoft Decision. EJIL, 997.
Taketa, J. (2002). Note, The Future of Business Method Software Patents in the Intellectual Property System. S. CAL. L. REV, 943.
Taubman, A. (2011). A Practical Guide to Working with TRIPS. OUP.
Trade, D. (2006). Joint Communication from the EC, US, Japan and Switzerland to the TRIPS Council on IPR Enforcement. Retrieved from WTP TRIPS Council Doc IP/C/W/485.
Trade, D. G. (2004). Strategy for the Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights in Third Countries. OJ C 129/03.
Ullrich, H. a. (2016). TRIPS plus 20: From Trade Rules to Market Principles. Springer ed.
UNCTAD-ICTSD. (2004). Resource Book on TRIPS and Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Veljanovski, C. (2010). Economic Approaches to regulation. In M. C. Robert Baldwin, The Oxford Handbook of Regulation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Watal, J. (2001). Intellectual Property Rights in the WTO and Developing Countries. Kluwer Law International.
Weiss, F. (1990). TRIPS in Search of an Itinerary: Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights and the Uruguay Round Negotiations. In Liberalization of Services and Intellectual Property in the Uruguay Round of GATT 87. Giorgio Sacerdoti ed.
Wessel, R. A., & Blockmans, S. (2013). Between Autonomy and Dependence: The EU Legal Order under the Influence of International Organisations. Springer ed.
WIPO. (n.d.). Medium-term Plan for WIPO Program Activities ”“ Vision and Strategic Direction of WIPO. Retrieved from http://www.wipo.int/about-wipo/en/dgo/pub487.htm
YU, P. K. (2004). Currents and Crosscurrents in the International Intellectual Property Regime. Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review.
Yu, P. K. (2007). ‘The international enclosure movement. Indiana Law Journal, 827.
Yu, P. K. (2009). The objectives and principles of the TRIPS agreement. Houston Law Review, 46.
Yueh, L. (2009). The Law and Economics of Globalisation: New Challenges for a World in Flux. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Yusuf, A. A. (2008). TRIPS: Background, principles and general provisions. In C. Correa, & A. Yusuf, Intellectual Property and International Trade: TRIPS Agreement. Kluwer Law International.
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2017-10-16
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DEFOSSEZ, Delphine Aurélie Laurence. Global regulation of international intellectual property through Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS): The European Union and Brazil. Journal of Law and Regulation, [S. l.], v. 3, n. 2, p. 131–160, 2017. Disponível em: https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/rdsr/article/view/19181. Acesso em: 19 nov. 2024.
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