Psychosurgery: integrative review from a neuroethical perspective
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26512/rbb.v8i1-4.8195Keywords:
Psychosurgery. Lobotomy. Bioethics. Neurosciences. Review literature as subject.Abstract
Performing psychosurgery is still surrounded by ethical issues, especially with the recent development of neuroethics. The aim of this study was to present a review on psychosurgery, taking into consideration the bioethical aspects of its evolution over the course of history. The technique of integrative review of the literature was used. A survey was conducted through searching for scientific articles indexed in the Medline, Scielo and Lilacs databases, with the following English-language descriptors (and their equivalents in Portuguese and Spanish): psychosurgery and neuroethics; damage and psychosurgery; functional neurosurgery for psychiatric disorders; lobotomy and outcomes; patient outcomes and psychosurgery; and psychosurgery and history of medicine. Between 1942 and 1954, more than 28,000 psychosurgical procedures were performed in England and the United States, but disagreements arose regarding ethics. Thus, in the United States, the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research was created. The field of neurosurgery for psychiatric disorders has developed, and there is a need to establish precise indications for this. In Brazil, psychosurgery is dealt with by the Federal Medical Council and, recently, the Brazilian Association of Psychiatry established guidelines for performing this. Standards for ethical conduct in neurosurgical trials within psychiatry, applied worldwide, are needed.
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