Velhos valores, novas tecnologias
Quem é o pai?
Mots-clés :
AntropologiaRésumé
Tradicionalmente, os antropólogos têm estudado os “outros", os “primitivos”, mas a antropologia é mais do que isso. Como um programa científico, ela visa a investigar as relações sociais e suas vinculações com as formas culturais e simbólicas, conforme elas variam no tempo e no espaço. Neste sentido, não há o menor cabimento em excluir dessa tarefa a sociedade ocidental e sua cultura. Pretendo, neste ensaio, analisar um dos mais recentes produtos da cultura ocidental, a saber, as novas tecnologias da reprodução, isto é, o boom dos bebês de proveta nos seus múltiplos efeitos e significados sociais, políticos e simbólicos. O sonho do homem de criar vida é bem antigo. Até recentemente, não era mais do que um produto da imaginação, que, enquanto exemplo típico da sede do homem moderno em busca do conhecimento e do controle da natureza, servia também para acentuar as limitações humanas. Todavia, este sonho está, rapidamente, tornando-se realidade.
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Références
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ATHEA, N. 1985. La Fécondation in-vitro; De 1'Anarchie à une Réglementation? Mémorie de Ia Santé Publique. Rennes: ESNP.
BALZ, M. 1980. Heterologue Künstliche Samenübertragung beim Menschen. Tubigen.
BOCK, Gisela. 1986. Zwangsterilisation im Nationalsozialismus Studien zur Rassenpolitik und Frauempolitik. Vprlag, Alemanha Ocidental.
BOPP, A. 1987. Mit Frostchutz und Hormonen is Leben. Die Zeit, 27 de fevereiro.
CARLSON, E. A. 1981. Genes, Radiation and Society, The Life and Work of H. J. Muller. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
CLARK, R. 1968. J. B. S., the Life and Work of J. B. S. Haldane. Londres.
CLARKE, A. 1984. "Subtle Forms of Sterilization Abuse: a Reproductive Rights Analysis” In Test-Tube Women (R. Arditti, R. Duelli Klein e S. Midlen, orgs.). Londres.
COLEMAN, W. 1977. Biology in the Nineteenth Century, Problems of Form, Function and Transformation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
CONGRESSO DE DEPUTADOS DE ESPAÑA. 1986. Informe de la Comisión Especial de Estudio de la Fecundación In Vitro" y la Inseminación Artificial Humanas. Janeiro.
COREA, Gena. 1985. The Mother Machine, Reproductive Technologies from Artificial Insemination to Artificial Wombs. Nova lorque.
COREA, G. e S, INCE, 1985. Survey of IVF Clinics in the US, relatório apresentado em Women’s Emergency Conference on the New Reproductive Technologies. Vaellingeon, Suécia.
DAVID, G. 1985. Don et Utilisation du Serme. Génétique, Procréation et Droit. Actes Sud.
DELANEY, C. 1986. The Meaning of Paternity and the Virgin Birth Debate, Man, vol. 21, n9 3.
GORDON, L. 1976. Woman’s Body, Woman’s Right. Londres: Penguin Books.
GORINA, A. Balcells. 1980. La Inseminación Artificial, Zootechnia en el Hombre. La Vanguardia, 3 de maio.
GOULD, S. J. 1986. Cardboard Darwinism. New York Review of Books, 20 de setembro.
HALDANE, C. 1926. Man’s World. Londres.
------------------ 1949. Truth Will Out. Londres.
HALDANE, J. B. S. 1925. Daedalus or Science and the Future. Londres.
------------------ 1927. Possible Worlds. Londres.
HANSEN, F. e R. KOLLEK. 1985. Gen-Technologie-Die Neue Soziale Waffe. Hamburgo.
HERITIER-AUGE, F. 1985a. La Cuisse de Jupiter Réflexions sur les Nouveaux Modes de Procréation. L'homme, n9 94.
------------------ 1985b. L’lndividu, la Biology et le Social. Le Débat.
HERZOG, J. 1971. Die Heterologue Insemination in VerfassungsrechtlicherSicht. Wuszburg.
HMSO. 1984. Report of the Committee of Inquiry into Human Fertilisation and Embryology. Londres.
HOBSBAWM, E. 1985. The Age of Capitalism. Londres: Abacus.
HOFSTADTER, R. 1944. Social Darwinism in American Thought. Boston.
HOGBEN, Lancelot. 1983. Political Arithmetic. A Symposium of Population Studies. Londres.
KLEIN, R. Duelli. 1985. “Whafs New About the New Reproductive Technologies?” In Man- Made Woman. (G., Corea et al. orgs.), Londres.
LABOURIE, F. 1986. Relatório apresentado em Women's Hearing on Genetic Engineering and Reproductive Technologies. Parlamento Europeu, 6-7 de março.
LEACH, E. 1969. Genesis as Myth and Other Essays. Londres.
LEEDS, A. 1972. "Darwinian and 'Darwinian' Evolutionism in the Study of Society and Culture” In The Comparative Reception o Darwinism (F. F. Click, org.). Austin: University of Texas Press.
LEPENIES, W. 1976. Das Ende der Naturgeschischte. Munique.
LLOYD, G. E. R. 1983. Science, Folklore and Ideology, Studies in the Life Sciences in Ancient Greece. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Verena Stolcke
MALINOWSKI, B. 1927. The Father in Primitive Psychology. Londres.
MINISTERIO DE JUSTICIA. 1986. Problemas Civiles que Plantea la Inseminación Artificial y la Fecundación In Vitro. Suplemento n8 3 do Boletín de información del Ministerio de Justicia, 15 de janeiro.
MULLER, H. J. 1936. Outof the Night. A Biologist's View of the Future. Londres.
NATURE. 1986. Tough Talk on Surrogate Brith. Editorial de 13 de março.
REPÚBLICA FEDERAL DA ALEMANHA. 1985. Bericht der Arbeitsgruppe In-Vitro Fertilisation, Genomanalyse und Gentherapie. Benda-Kommission des Bundestages, 25 de novembro. Bonn.
RIVIÈRE, P. 1985. Unscrambling Parenthood: The Warnock Report. Anthropology Today, vol. 1, ne 4.
ROHLEDER, H. 1981. Normales, Pathoiogische und Kiinstiiche Zeugung beim.
ROSE, S., R.C. LEWONTIN e L.J. KAMIN. 1984. Notin Our Genes, Biology, Ideology and Human Nature. Londres: Penguin.
SHELLEY, Mary W. 1818. Frankenstein, or the Modem Prometheus. Londres.
SINGER, Paul. 1986. La Revolución Reproductiva. El País, junho.
STARCK, C. e D. COESTER-WALTJEN. 1986. Die Künstliche Befrunchtung beim Menschen- Zulãssigkeit und Zivilrechtliche Folgen. Gutacheten fiir den 56. Munique.
STOLCKE, Verena. 1981. Women’s Labours: "The Naturalisation of Social Inequality and
Women’s Subordination” . In Of Marriage and the Market, Women's Subordination Internationally
and its Lessons (K. Young, C. Wolkowitz e R. McCullagh, orgs.). Londres.
TEICH, M. 1973. “The Historiographic and Ideological Contexts of the Nineteenth Century Debate on Man’s Place in Nature” . In Changing Perspectives in the History of Science (M. Tech e R. Young, orgs). Londres.
TESTART, Jacques. 1986. L’avis du Comité Nationel d’Etique sur les Manipulations de I’ Embryon Humain. Le Monde, 16 de dezembro.
------------------- 1987. Éin Biologe Sagt Halt! Tageszeitung, 27 de janeiro.
TRALLORI, L.N. 1983. Vom Lieben und vom Tõten. Zur Geschichte PatriarchalerFortpflanzungskontrolle. Viena.
VICKERS, B. 1973. Towards Greek Tragedy, Drama, Myth, Society. Londres.
WEBSTER, C. (org.). 1981. Biology, Medicine and Society 1840-1940. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
WILSON, E.O. 1975. Sociobiology, the New Synthesis. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
------------------ 1978. On Human Nature. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
WINTER, M. (org.). 1982. “Don Guijote und Frankenstein" Utopienforschung, vol. 3, Stuttgart
WOOLF, V. 1938. Three Guineas. Londres.
ATHEA, N. 1985. La Fécondation in-vitro; De 1'Anarchie à une Réglementation? Mémorie de Ia Santé Publique. Rennes: ESNP.
BALZ, M. 1980. Heterologue Künstliche Samenübertragung beim Menschen. Tubigen.
BOCK, Gisela. 1986. Zwangsterilisation im Nationalsozialismus Studien zur Rassenpolitik und Frauempolitik. Vprlag, Alemanha Ocidental.
BOPP, A. 1987. Mit Frostchutz und Hormonen is Leben. Die Zeit, 27 de fevereiro.
CARLSON, E. A. 1981. Genes, Radiation and Society, The Life and Work of H. J. Muller. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
CLARK, R. 1968. J. B. S., the Life and Work of J. B. S. Haldane. Londres.
CLARKE, A. 1984. "Subtle Forms of Sterilization Abuse: a Reproductive Rights Analysis” In Test-Tube Women (R. Arditti, R. Duelli Klein e S. Midlen, orgs.). Londres.
COLEMAN, W. 1977. Biology in the Nineteenth Century, Problems of Form, Function and Transformation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
CONGRESSO DE DEPUTADOS DE ESPAÑA. 1986. Informe de la Comisión Especial de Estudio de la Fecundación In Vitro" y la Inseminación Artificial Humanas. Janeiro.
COREA, Gena. 1985. The Mother Machine, Reproductive Technologies from Artificial Insemination to Artificial Wombs. Nova lorque.
COREA, G. e S, INCE, 1985. Survey of IVF Clinics in the US, relatório apresentado em Women’s Emergency Conference on the New Reproductive Technologies. Vaellingeon, Suécia.
DAVID, G. 1985. Don et Utilisation du Serme. Génétique, Procréation et Droit. Actes Sud.
DELANEY, C. 1986. The Meaning of Paternity and the Virgin Birth Debate, Man, vol. 21, n9 3.
GORDON, L. 1976. Woman’s Body, Woman’s Right. Londres: Penguin Books.
GORINA, A. Balcells. 1980. La Inseminación Artificial, Zootechnia en el Hombre. La Vanguardia, 3 de maio.
GOULD, S. J. 1986. Cardboard Darwinism. New York Review of Books, 20 de setembro.
HALDANE, C. 1926. Man’s World. Londres.
------------------ 1949. Truth Will Out. Londres.
HALDANE, J. B. S. 1925. Daedalus or Science and the Future. Londres.
------------------ 1927. Possible Worlds. Londres.
HANSEN, F. e R. KOLLEK. 1985. Gen-Technologie-Die Neue Soziale Waffe. Hamburgo.
HERITIER-AUGE, F. 1985a. La Cuisse de Jupiter Réflexions sur les Nouveaux Modes de Procréation. L'homme, n9 94.
------------------ 1985b. L’lndividu, la Biology et le Social. Le Débat.
HERZOG, J. 1971. Die Heterologue Insemination in VerfassungsrechtlicherSicht. Wuszburg.
HMSO. 1984. Report of the Committee of Inquiry into Human Fertilisation and Embryology. Londres.
HOBSBAWM, E. 1985. The Age of Capitalism. Londres: Abacus.
HOFSTADTER, R. 1944. Social Darwinism in American Thought. Boston.
HOGBEN, Lancelot. 1983. Political Arithmetic. A Symposium of Population Studies. Londres.
KLEIN, R. Duelli. 1985. “Whafs New About the New Reproductive Technologies?” In Man- Made Woman. (G., Corea et al. orgs.), Londres.
LABOURIE, F. 1986. Relatório apresentado em Women's Hearing on Genetic Engineering and Reproductive Technologies. Parlamento Europeu, 6-7 de março.
LEACH, E. 1969. Genesis as Myth and Other Essays. Londres.
LEEDS, A. 1972. "Darwinian and 'Darwinian' Evolutionism in the Study of Society and Culture” In The Comparative Reception o Darwinism (F. F. Click, org.). Austin: University of Texas Press.
LEPENIES, W. 1976. Das Ende der Naturgeschischte. Munique.
LLOYD, G. E. R. 1983. Science, Folklore and Ideology, Studies in the Life Sciences in Ancient Greece. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Verena Stolcke
MALINOWSKI, B. 1927. The Father in Primitive Psychology. Londres.
MINISTERIO DE JUSTICIA. 1986. Problemas Civiles que Plantea la Inseminación Artificial y la Fecundación In Vitro. Suplemento n8 3 do Boletín de información del Ministerio de Justicia, 15 de janeiro.
MULLER, H. J. 1936. Outof the Night. A Biologist's View of the Future. Londres.
NATURE. 1986. Tough Talk on Surrogate Brith. Editorial de 13 de março.
REPÚBLICA FEDERAL DA ALEMANHA. 1985. Bericht der Arbeitsgruppe In-Vitro Fertilisation, Genomanalyse und Gentherapie. Benda-Kommission des Bundestages, 25 de novembro. Bonn.
RIVIÈRE, P. 1985. Unscrambling Parenthood: The Warnock Report. Anthropology Today, vol. 1, ne 4.
ROHLEDER, H. 1981. Normales, Pathoiogische und Kiinstiiche Zeugung beim.
ROSE, S., R.C. LEWONTIN e L.J. KAMIN. 1984. Notin Our Genes, Biology, Ideology and Human Nature. Londres: Penguin.
SHELLEY, Mary W. 1818. Frankenstein, or the Modem Prometheus. Londres.
SINGER, Paul. 1986. La Revolución Reproductiva. El País, junho.
STARCK, C. e D. COESTER-WALTJEN. 1986. Die Künstliche Befrunchtung beim Menschen- Zulãssigkeit und Zivilrechtliche Folgen. Gutacheten fiir den 56. Munique.
STOLCKE, Verena. 1981. Women’s Labours: "The Naturalisation of Social Inequality and
Women’s Subordination” . In Of Marriage and the Market, Women's Subordination Internationally
and its Lessons (K. Young, C. Wolkowitz e R. McCullagh, orgs.). Londres.
TEICH, M. 1973. “The Historiographic and Ideological Contexts of the Nineteenth Century Debate on Man’s Place in Nature” . In Changing Perspectives in the History of Science (M. Tech e R. Young, orgs). Londres.
TESTART, Jacques. 1986. L’avis du Comité Nationel d’Etique sur les Manipulations de I’ Embryon Humain. Le Monde, 16 de dezembro.
------------------- 1987. Éin Biologe Sagt Halt! Tageszeitung, 27 de janeiro.
TRALLORI, L.N. 1983. Vom Lieben und vom Tõten. Zur Geschichte PatriarchalerFortpflanzungskontrolle. Viena.
VICKERS, B. 1973. Towards Greek Tragedy, Drama, Myth, Society. Londres.
WEBSTER, C. (org.). 1981. Biology, Medicine and Society 1840-1940. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
WILSON, E.O. 1975. Sociobiology, the New Synthesis. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
------------------ 1978. On Human Nature. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
WINTER, M. (org.). 1982. “Don Guijote und Frankenstein" Utopienforschung, vol. 3, Stuttgart
WOOLF, V. 1938. Three Guineas. Londres.
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Publié-e
2018-01-25
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Stolcke, Verena. 2018. « Velhos Valores, Novas Tecnologias: Quem é O Pai? ». Anuário Antropológico 11 (1):93-114. https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/anuarioantropologico/article/view/6378.
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