A tradição analógica e o surgimento de uma antropologia dialógica
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AntropologiaRésumé
Franz Boas (1921:468) e Stith Thompson (1929: XVII) observaram, há muito tempo, que parecia não haver quase nenhum “mito autêntico sobre a criação” na América do Norte indígena, com o que eles queriam, aparentemente, se referir aos mitos de origem, segundo o modelo metafísico do Gênesis I, João I, e, por falar nisso, segundo a Metafísica de Aristóteles. Mas Boas mencionou que há, ao norte da Califórnia, mitos nos quais “a criação espontânea” acontece (1921:468). Ao relermos as versões Maidu e Kato desses mitos, vemos que o que acontece é que há dois criadores, masculino e feminino, e que ambos se acham presentes num mundo que possui existência física já no começo da estória (Thompson, 1929:24-37). As mudanças que então se operam no mundo se concretizam quando esse homem e essa mulher mantêm um diálogo ”” não há nenhum ser solitário e masculino que diz: “Que isto ou aquilo seja feito.” Um diálogo semelhante acontece no Popol Vuh, o livro sagrado dos Quichê-Maia'-, e constitui uma profunda rejeição contra o livro do Gênesis (Tedlock, 1183: cap. 11).
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Références
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