O trabalho dos laboratórios, a indústria do alcatrão mineral e a hodierna concepção de atividade científica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-6992-202035020006Palavras-chave:
revolução industrial, cultura científica inglesa, Justus von Liebig, indústria do alcatrão mineral, desenvolvimento industrial no séc. XIXResumo
O vínculo duradouro existente entre a indústria e a ciência tal como hoje o conhecemos só começou a se estabelecer em meados do século XIX. Neste artigo, argumento que o estabelecimento deste vínculo se deu por meio de uma alteração radical do próprio modo de conceber a atividade científica. Trata-se, então, de mostrar qual foi a nova concepção de atividade científica surgida em meados do século XIX e como ela veio a se estabelecer. Sugiro que a resposta está no entrelaçamento de duas atividades inexistentes até o século XIX: a do trabalho sistemático dos laboratórios, que só ganhou dimensão institucional na década de 1830, e a da exploração do alcatrão mineral para fins industriais, que só teve início em 1856.
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