Symmetry, Phase Transition and Symmetry Breaking
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26512/e-bfis.v4i8.9805Keywords:
symmetries, breaking symmetries.Abstract
Symmetries and conservation laws are excellent guides in the formulation of physical models in several energy scales. Violation of symmetries by phase transition (spontaneous violation of symmetry) can describe systems ranging from condensed matter to the High Energy Physics. In this essay I will present a conceptual development of symmetries and their violation using initially as an example the overall symmetry of rotation and a spontaneous violation by a real
scalar fluid, generating ferromagnetism. The potential used by Landau-Ginzburg to explain superconductivity by a complex scalar fluid is very similar to the ferromagnetism. Through this model we can understand the local phase symmetry ( gauge symmetry) due to the minimal coupling between electromagnetic field and the superconducting fluid. Starting with spontaneous symmetry violation it yields mass of the photon which is generated in superconducting environment
(expulsion electromagnetic field). This process is known as the Mechanism Anderson-Higgs. This same mechanism that occurs in Superconductivity is used to unify electromagnetism and the Weak interactions in the Standard Model. We end this text contextualizing what came to be known as the Higgs field, which arousal (Higgs’ boson) has been verified at the LHC.
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Este obra será licenciada com uma Licença Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional.
