The Anatel as a Republican Tool for the Internalization of International Rules

Authors

  • Artur Coimbra de Oliveira

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26512/lstr.v4i1.21576

Keywords:

republicanism, regulation, telecommunications, international law, Brazil

Abstract

The design and the actual implementation of regulatory authorities in Brazil played an important role in the historical tendency of displacing the legitimation center of public policies from the legislative to the executive branch, as the regulatory authorities’ law-making process became way more transparent and participative. Nevertheless, after the state reform movement that took place in Brazil during the 1990s, certain policies have not found their way to sufficient legitimation through the executive branch: international rules and soft law. This statement is supported by republican philosophy, which underlies modern state’s institutions, and by the concrete analysis of regulations in telecommunications services, as well as by observing the way the regulator deals with pertinent international administrative rules. This article concludes that this regulated area holds republican institutions that ensure universal political participation in the decision-making process, including the penetration of international law in the national environment. Nonetheless, in many cases these international standards and rules present themselves with an incoherent status and their internalizing processes often lack necessary steps in order to be in touch with a neo-republican conception of democracy.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Artur Coimbra de Oliveira

Bacharel e Mestre em Direito pela Universidade de Brasília. Procurador Federal. Diretor do Departamento de Banda Larga do Ministério das Comunicações do Brasil.

References

AGUILLAR, Fernando Herren. Direito econômico e globalização. In: Direito global, por Carlos Ari SUNDFELD e Oscar Vilhena VIEIRA, 269-78. São Paulo: Max Limonad, 1999.
AMAN JR., Alfred C. Globalization, democracy, and the need for a new Administrative Law. In: UCLA Law Review, 2002: 1687-716.
ARAGÃO, Alexandre Santos de. O poder normativo das agências reguladoras independentes e o Estado Democrático de Direito. In: Revista de Informação Legislativa, outubro/dezembro de 2000: 275-99.
AβMANN, Eberhard Schmidt. The internationalization of administrative relations as a challenge for Administrative Law scholarship. In: German Law Review, 2008: 2061-79.
BELLAMY, Richard. Republicanism, democracy, and constitutionalism. In: Republicanism and Political Theory, por Cécile LABORDE e John MAYNOR, 159-89. Malden: Blackwell Publishing, 2008.
BINENBOJM, Gustavo. Monismo e dualismo no Brasil: uma dicotomia afinal irrelevante. In: Revista Forense, abril/maio/junho de 2000: 39-48.
BRASIL. Ministério das Comunicações. Caderno da 1ª Confecom (Conferência Nacional de Comunicação). Brasília: Secretaria de Comunicação Social da Presidência da República, 2010.
BURKE, Peter. A Revolução Francesa da Historiografia: a Escola dos Annales (1929-1989). São Paulo: Unesp, 2003.
CAMPILONGO, Celso Fernandes. Teoria do direito e globalização econômica. In: Direito global, por Carlos Ari SUNDFELD e Oscar Vilhena VIEIRA, 77-92. São Paulo: Max Limonad, 1999.
CASSESE, Sabino. Administrative Law without the State? The challenge of global regulation. In: International Law and Politics, 2005: 663-94.
CHARNOVITZ, Steve. The emergence of democratic participation in global governance (Paris, 1919). In: Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, inverno de 2003: 45-77.
COLLINS, Katherine. International accounting rate reform: the role of international organizations and implications for developing countries. In: Law & Policy in International Business, 2000: 1077-92.
COWHEY, Peter F. The international telecommunications regime: the political roots of regimes for high technology. In: International Organization, primavera de 1990: 169-99.
DELBRÜCK, Jost. Exercising public authority beyond the state: transnational democracy and/or alternative legitimation strategies? In: Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, inverno de 2003: 29-43.
DIVER, Colin S. Policymaking paradigms in Administrative Law. In: Harvard Law Review, dezembro de 1981: 393-434.
GUERMAZI, Boutheina. The GATS agreement on basic telecommunications: a developing country perspective. In: Governing global electronic networks: international perspectives on policy and power, por William J. DRAKE e Ernest J. WILSON III, 187-230. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 2008.
JAYAKAR, Krishna. Globalization and the legitimacy of international telecommunications standard-setting organizations. In: Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, 1998: 711-38.
KELLEY, Thomas. Beyond the Washington Consensus and New Institutionalism: What is the Future of Law and Development? In: North Carolina Journal of International Law and Commercial Regulation, 2010: 539-54.
KINNEY, Eleanor D. The emerging field of International Administrative Law: its content and potential. In: Administrative Law Review, 2002: 415-34.
LAENDER, Gabriel Boavista. A separação de poderes e o processo de institucionalização das agências reguladoras de telecomunicações nos EUA e no Brasil. Brasília: Faculdade de Direito, Universidade de Brasília - Dissertação (Mestrado em Direito), 2009.
LIMA, Venício A. de. Coronelismo eletrônico na radiodifusão educativa. In: Observatório da Imprensa. 12 de junho de 2007. http://www.observatoriodaimprensa.com.br/artigos.asp?cod=437IPB002 (acesso em 15 de março de 2011).
LUNEBURG, William V. Civic republicanism, the First Ammendment, and Executive branch policymaking. In: Administrative Law Review, verão de 1991: 367-410.
MACLEAN, Don. Sovereign right and the dynamics of power in the ITU: lessons in the quest for inclusive global governance. In: Governing global electronic networks: international perspectives on policy and power, por William J. DRAKE e Ernest J. WILSON III, 83-126. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 2008.
MACLEAN, Don, David SOUTER, James DEANE, e Sarah LILLEY. Louder voices: strengthening developing country participation in international ICT decision-making. Londres: Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation/Panos London, 2002.
MAYNOR, John W. Modern republican democratic contestation. In: Republicanism in theory and practice, por Iseult HONOHAN e Jeremy JENNINGS, 125-38. Oxfordshire: Routledge, 2006.
””. Republicanism in the modern world. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2003.
MEDEIROS, Gierck Guimarães. Origem das agências reguladoras no Brasil. In: Direito das telecomunicações: estrutura institucional regulatória e infra-estrutura das telecomunicações no Brasil, Márcio Iorio Aranha (org.), 29-79. Brasília: Universidade de Brasília, 2005.
MORAVCSIK, Andrew. Is there a 'democratic deficit' in world politics? A framework for analysis. In: Government and Opposition, abril de 2004: 336-63.
MOREIRAS, Antonio M., e Demi GETSCHKO. Os Pontos de Troca de Tráfego, o PTTMetro e a Internet brasileira. Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas em Tecnologia de Redes e Operações. 25 de outubro de 2008. http://www.ceptro.br/pub/CEPTRO/PalestrasPublicacoes/PTT-semanatec.pdf (acesso em 27 de março de 2011).
PEREIRA, Luiz Carlos Bresser. Construindo o Estado republicano: democracia e reforma da gestão pública. Rio de Janeiro: Editora FGV, 2009.
PETTIT, Philip. Republicanism: a theory of freedom and government. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.
PRATA, José, Nirlando BEIRÃO, e Teiji TOMIOKA. Sérgio Motta: o trator em ação. São Paulo: Geração Editorial, 1999.
REZEK, Francisco. Direito internacional público. 10ª ed., São Paulo: Saraiva, 2005.
SCHEUERMAN, William E. Is republican regulatory law the answer to globalization? In: University of Toronto Law Journal, 2002: 301-11.
SCHWARZMANTEL, John. Republican theory and democratic transformation. In: Republicanism in theory and practice, por Iseult HONOHAN e Jeremy JENNINGS, 140-53. Oxfordshire: Routledge, 2006.
SEIDENFELD, Mark. A civic republican justification for the bureaucratic State. In: Harvard Law Review, 1992: 1511-76.
SOUTER, David. “Louder Voices” and the international debate on developing country participation in ICT decision making. In: Governing global electronic networks: international perspectives on policy and power, por William J. DRAKE e Ernest J. WILSON III, 429-62. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 2008.
SOUTO, Marcos Juruena Villela. Direito administrativo regulatório. 2ª ed. Rio de Janeiro: Lumen Juris, 2005.
SUNDFELD, Carlos Ari. A Administração Pública na era do direito global. In: Direito global, por Carlos Ari SUNDFELD e Oscar Vilhena VIEIRA, 157-68. São Paulo: Max Limonad, 1999.
SUNDFELD, Carlos Ari. Introdução às agências reguladoras. In: Direito administrativo econômico, por Carlos Ari SUNDFELD, 17-38. São Paulo: Malheiros, 2006.
SUNDFELD, Carlos Ari. Processo e procedimento administrativo no Brasil. In: As leis de processo administrativo, por Carlos Ari SUNDFELD e Guillermo Andrés MUÑOZ, 17-36. São Paulo: Malheiros, 2006.
SUNSTEIN, Cass. Beyond the Republican Revival. In: Yale Law Journal, 1987-1988: 1539-90.
TCHIKAYA, Blaise. Le droit international des télécommunications. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1998.
TRIPATHI, Surya Mani, Anshu Pratap SINGH, e Dipa DUBE. Internet governance: a developing nation's call for administrative legal reform. In: International Journal of Legal Information, 2009: 368-84.
União Internacional de Telecomunicações. Are poor countries subsidizing the rich? International Telecommunications Union. 2005. http://www.itu.int/itunews/manager/display.asp?lang=en&year=2005&issue=03&ipage=interconnectiv-poor& (acesso em 27 de março de 2011).
_____. IMT-2000 project: what is IMT-2000. Internacional Telecommunications Union. 2001-2002. http://www.itu.int/osg/imt-project/docs/What_is_IMT2000-2.pdf (acesso em 25 de março de 2011).
_____. ITU's History. 10 de fevereiro de 2010. http://www.itu.int/en/history/overview/Pages/history.aspx (acesso em 1º de março de 2011).
_____. ITU-T guide for beginners. 2ª ed. Genebra, 2005.
_____. Recomendação UIT-T D.50. Genebra, 2008.
_____. Setor de Radiocomunicações. CPM Report on technical, operational and regulatory/procedural matters to be considered by the 2007 World Radiocommunication Conference. Documento preparatório para a Conferência Mundial de Radiocomunicação, Genebra, 2007.
_____. Setor de Radiocomunicações. Final acts of the World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-07). Relatório final da Conferência Mundial de Radiocomunicação de 2007, Genebra, 2008.
_____. Recomendação UIT-R M.1036-3. Genebra, 2007
VIEIRA, Oscar Vilhena. Realinhamento constitucional. In: Direito global, por Carlos Ari SUNDFELD e Oscar Vilhena VIEIRA, 15-48. São Paulo: Max Limonad, 1999.
WOODWARD, Barbara K. Global civil society and International Law in global governance: some contemporary issues. In: International Community Law Review, 2006: 247-355.
ZICCARDI, Piero. Evolução e perspectivas da escola italiana de direito internacional no século XX. In: Estudos jurídicos e políticos, dezembro de 2005: 203-27.

Published

2012-05-14

How to Cite

OLIVEIRA, Artur Coimbra de. The Anatel as a Republican Tool for the Internalization of International Rules. Law, State and Telecommunications Review, [S. l.], v. 4, n. 1, p. 83–136, 2012. DOI: 10.26512/lstr.v4i1.21576. Disponível em: https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/RDET/article/view/21576. Acesso em: 26 dec. 2024.