A conexão espiritualista
Afinidade estilística e homologia estrutural entre Bergson e Debussy
Palavras-chave:
Espiritualista, Debussy, Bergson, Homologia, BourdieuResumo
Este artigo propõe algumas razões para a impressionante similaridade encontrada por vários autores entre a música de Claude Debussy e os escritos filosóficos de Henri Bergson ao situá-los no movimento espiritualista. Com o auxílio da teoria do campo de Bourdieu, as posições dominantes de Bergson e Debussy como espiritualistas são expostas como homólogas. Evitando abordar o poder institucional e político e, ao invés disso, focando sobre as obras criativas que enfatizavam a liberdade individual, o filósofo e o compositor assumiram posições relativamente autônomas com alto capital simbólico nos seus campos. O alinhamento das suas posições podem explicar as conexões estilísticas, substantivas e funcionais percebidas nas suas obras.
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Referências
Bergson, Henri. “Introduction to Metaphysics.” Reprinted in Henri Bergson: Key Writings, edited by Keith Ansell Pearson and John Mularkey, 274-284. New York: Continuum, 2002.
Bergson, Henri. Mélanges. Edited by André Robinet. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1972.
Bergson, Henri. “Une lettre de M. Bergson.” Le Figaro Feb. 28, 1914: 1.
Bergson, Henri. Matière et mémoire: essai sur la relation du corps à l’esprit. Paris: Alcan, 1896.
Bergson, Henri. Essai sur les données immédiates de la conscience humaine. Paris: Alcan, 1889.
Bernard-Krauß, Geneviève. Hundert Jahre französiche Musikgeschichte in Leben und Werk Paul Le Flems. New York: Peter Lang, 1993.
Bourdieu, Pierre. The Field of Cultural Production. Translated by Randal Johnson. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993.
Bourdieu, Pierre. Homo Academicus. Translated by Peter Collier. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990.
Bourdieu, Pierre. La distinction: critique sociale du jugement. Paris: Les éditions du minuit, 1979.
Bourdieu, Pierre, and Loïc Wacquant. An invitation to reflexive sociology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.
Branger, Jean-Christophe. “Charpentier, élève de Massenet: sous l’influence et le regard du prophète. In Gustave Charpentier et son temps, edited by Michela Niccolai and Jean-Christophe Branger, 33-70. Saint-Étienne: Publications de l’Université de Saint-Étienne, 2013.
Caillard, Francis, José de Bérys, and Raphaël Cor ed. Le Cas Debussy. Paris: Bibliothèque du Temps présent, 1910.
Carpenter, Alexander. “Schoenberg’s Vienna, Freud’s Vienna: Re-examining the Connections between the Monodrama Erwartung and the Early History of Psychoanalysis,” Musical Quarterly 2010(1): 141-166.
Cor, Raphaël. Essais sur la sensibilite contemporaine: Nietzsche, de M. Bergson à M.
Bazaillas, M. Claude Debussy. Paris: Lux Ardens, 1912.
Cowart, Georgia. The Oridings of Modern Musical Criticism: French and Italian Music, 1600-1750. Ann Arbor: UMI Press, 1981.
Debussy, Claude. Monsieur Croche et autres écrits. Edited by François Lesure. Paris: Gallimard, 1971.
Digéon, Claude. La crise allemande dans la pensée française, 1870-1914. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1959.
Donnellon, Deidre. “Debussy as Musician and Critic.” In The Cambridge Companion to Debussy, edited by Simon Trezise, 43-58. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Emmanuel, Maurice. Pelléas et Mélisande de Debussy. Paris: Mellottée, 1927.
Fulcher, Jane. French Cultural Politics and Music: from the Dreyfus Affair to the First World War. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
Gallagher, Idella. Morality in Evolution: The Moral Philosophy of Henri Bergson. New York: Springer, 1970.
Gonin, Philippe. Vie et oeuvre de Paul Le Flem (1881-1984). Paris: Septentrion, 2001.
Grayson, David. “The Genesis of Debussy’s Pelléas et Mélisande.” Ph.D diss, Harvard University, 1983.
Hanotaux, Gabriel. “Les philosophes et la mode.” Le figaro Feb. 27, 1914: 1.
Harrison, Jane E. “Fashionable Innovation: Debussysme in Early 20th-Century France. Ph.D. dissertation, The Ohio State University, 2011.
Herlin, Denis. “An Artist High and Low: or Debussy and Money.” In Rethinking Debussy, edited by Elliot Antokoletz and Marianne Wheeldon, translated by Victor Giroud, 149-202. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.
Inghelbrecht, Germaine and D.E. Inghelbrecht. Claude Debussy. Paris: Costard, 1953.
Huebner, Steven. French Opera at the Fin de Siècle: Wagnerism, Nationalism, and Style. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
Kennaway, James. Bad Vibrations: The History of Music as a Cause of Disease. Surrey: Ashgate, 2012.
Knight, David. The Age of Science: The Scientific World-view in the Nineteenth Century. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1986.
Lalo, Pierre. “La musique.” Le temps (Jan. 30, 1906).
Le Flem, Paul. “Propos impromptu de Paul Le Flem.” Le courrier musical de France 18 (1967): 70-74.
Le Flem, Paul. “Dans le souvenir de Debussy.” Undated radio transcript. Located at the Fonds Paul Le Flem, Médiathèque Mahler, Paris.
Lockspeiser, Edward. Debussy: His Life and Mind, 2nd ed., 2 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978.
Gabriel Marcel, “Bergsonisme et musique,” La revue musicale (Mar. 1, 1925): 219-229.
Pasler, Jann. Composing the Citizen: Music as Public Utility in Third Republic France. Berkley: University of California Press, 2009.
Pasler, Jann. “A Sociology of the Apaches: ‘Sacred Batallion’ for Pelléas.” In Berlioz and Debussy: Sources, Contexts, Legacies, edited by Barbara Kelly and Kerry Murphy, 149-166. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2007.
Pasler, Jann. “Debussy, Jeux: Playing with Time and Form.” 19th-Century Music 6, no 1 (Summer 1982): 60-75.
Perloff, Nancy. Art and the Everyday: Popular Entertainment and the Circle of Erik Satie. Oxford: Clarendon, 1991.
Petit, Raymond. “L'identité des formes du langage sonore et de la pensée.” La revue musicale (Feb. 1, 1925): 152-156.
Potter, Caroline. “Debussy and Nature.” In The Cambridge Companion to Debussy, edited by Simon Trezise, 137-151. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Potter, Laurence M. The Crisis of French Symbolism. Ithaca, NY: Cornell UP, 1990.
Pudal, Romain. “Enjeux et usages du pragmatisme en France (1880-1920): Approche sociologique et historique d'une acculturation philosophique.” Revue française de sociologie 52(4) (2011): 747-775.
ӬRavel, Maurice. A Ravel Reader. Edited and translated by Arbie Orenstein. New York: Dover, 1990.
Rings, Steven. “Mystères limpides: time and transformation in Debussy’s ‘Des pas sur la neige…’” 19th-Century Music 32(2) (2008): 178-209.
Reigle, Robert. “Reconsidering the Idea of Timbre: A Brief History and New Proposals.” In Musicult’14 Music and Cultural Studies Conference Proceedings, 233-243. Istanbul: Dakam, 2014.
“Review of William James and Henry Bergson by Horace Meyer Kallen.” The North American Review 201 no. 710 (1915): 94-97.
Shanahan, Daniel. “Debussy’s Forms of Deception: Toward a Theory of Implication, Tension, and Attraction in the Préludes.” Ph.D. diss, Trinity College, Dublin, 2011.
Silvermann, Debora. Art Nouveau in Fin-de-Siècle France: Politics, Psychology, and Style. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1989.
Trilling, Johannes. Untersuchungen zur Rezeption Claude Debussys in der zeitgenössischen Musikkritik. Tutzing: Hans Schneider, 1983.
Bergson, Henri. Mélanges. Edited by André Robinet. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1972.
Bergson, Henri. “Une lettre de M. Bergson.” Le Figaro Feb. 28, 1914: 1.
Bergson, Henri. Matière et mémoire: essai sur la relation du corps à l’esprit. Paris: Alcan, 1896.
Bergson, Henri. Essai sur les données immédiates de la conscience humaine. Paris: Alcan, 1889.
Bernard-Krauß, Geneviève. Hundert Jahre französiche Musikgeschichte in Leben und Werk Paul Le Flems. New York: Peter Lang, 1993.
Bourdieu, Pierre. The Field of Cultural Production. Translated by Randal Johnson. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993.
Bourdieu, Pierre. Homo Academicus. Translated by Peter Collier. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990.
Bourdieu, Pierre. La distinction: critique sociale du jugement. Paris: Les éditions du minuit, 1979.
Bourdieu, Pierre, and Loïc Wacquant. An invitation to reflexive sociology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.
Branger, Jean-Christophe. “Charpentier, élève de Massenet: sous l’influence et le regard du prophète. In Gustave Charpentier et son temps, edited by Michela Niccolai and Jean-Christophe Branger, 33-70. Saint-Étienne: Publications de l’Université de Saint-Étienne, 2013.
Caillard, Francis, José de Bérys, and Raphaël Cor ed. Le Cas Debussy. Paris: Bibliothèque du Temps présent, 1910.
Carpenter, Alexander. “Schoenberg’s Vienna, Freud’s Vienna: Re-examining the Connections between the Monodrama Erwartung and the Early History of Psychoanalysis,” Musical Quarterly 2010(1): 141-166.
Cor, Raphaël. Essais sur la sensibilite contemporaine: Nietzsche, de M. Bergson à M.
Bazaillas, M. Claude Debussy. Paris: Lux Ardens, 1912.
Cowart, Georgia. The Oridings of Modern Musical Criticism: French and Italian Music, 1600-1750. Ann Arbor: UMI Press, 1981.
Debussy, Claude. Monsieur Croche et autres écrits. Edited by François Lesure. Paris: Gallimard, 1971.
Digéon, Claude. La crise allemande dans la pensée française, 1870-1914. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1959.
Donnellon, Deidre. “Debussy as Musician and Critic.” In The Cambridge Companion to Debussy, edited by Simon Trezise, 43-58. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Emmanuel, Maurice. Pelléas et Mélisande de Debussy. Paris: Mellottée, 1927.
Fulcher, Jane. French Cultural Politics and Music: from the Dreyfus Affair to the First World War. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
Gallagher, Idella. Morality in Evolution: The Moral Philosophy of Henri Bergson. New York: Springer, 1970.
Gonin, Philippe. Vie et oeuvre de Paul Le Flem (1881-1984). Paris: Septentrion, 2001.
Grayson, David. “The Genesis of Debussy’s Pelléas et Mélisande.” Ph.D diss, Harvard University, 1983.
Hanotaux, Gabriel. “Les philosophes et la mode.” Le figaro Feb. 27, 1914: 1.
Harrison, Jane E. “Fashionable Innovation: Debussysme in Early 20th-Century France. Ph.D. dissertation, The Ohio State University, 2011.
Herlin, Denis. “An Artist High and Low: or Debussy and Money.” In Rethinking Debussy, edited by Elliot Antokoletz and Marianne Wheeldon, translated by Victor Giroud, 149-202. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.
Inghelbrecht, Germaine and D.E. Inghelbrecht. Claude Debussy. Paris: Costard, 1953.
Huebner, Steven. French Opera at the Fin de Siècle: Wagnerism, Nationalism, and Style. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
Kennaway, James. Bad Vibrations: The History of Music as a Cause of Disease. Surrey: Ashgate, 2012.
Knight, David. The Age of Science: The Scientific World-view in the Nineteenth Century. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1986.
Lalo, Pierre. “La musique.” Le temps (Jan. 30, 1906).
Le Flem, Paul. “Propos impromptu de Paul Le Flem.” Le courrier musical de France 18 (1967): 70-74.
Le Flem, Paul. “Dans le souvenir de Debussy.” Undated radio transcript. Located at the Fonds Paul Le Flem, Médiathèque Mahler, Paris.
Lockspeiser, Edward. Debussy: His Life and Mind, 2nd ed., 2 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978.
Gabriel Marcel, “Bergsonisme et musique,” La revue musicale (Mar. 1, 1925): 219-229.
Pasler, Jann. Composing the Citizen: Music as Public Utility in Third Republic France. Berkley: University of California Press, 2009.
Pasler, Jann. “A Sociology of the Apaches: ‘Sacred Batallion’ for Pelléas.” In Berlioz and Debussy: Sources, Contexts, Legacies, edited by Barbara Kelly and Kerry Murphy, 149-166. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2007.
Pasler, Jann. “Debussy, Jeux: Playing with Time and Form.” 19th-Century Music 6, no 1 (Summer 1982): 60-75.
Perloff, Nancy. Art and the Everyday: Popular Entertainment and the Circle of Erik Satie. Oxford: Clarendon, 1991.
Petit, Raymond. “L'identité des formes du langage sonore et de la pensée.” La revue musicale (Feb. 1, 1925): 152-156.
Potter, Caroline. “Debussy and Nature.” In The Cambridge Companion to Debussy, edited by Simon Trezise, 137-151. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Potter, Laurence M. The Crisis of French Symbolism. Ithaca, NY: Cornell UP, 1990.
Pudal, Romain. “Enjeux et usages du pragmatisme en France (1880-1920): Approche sociologique et historique d'une acculturation philosophique.” Revue française de sociologie 52(4) (2011): 747-775.
ӬRavel, Maurice. A Ravel Reader. Edited and translated by Arbie Orenstein. New York: Dover, 1990.
Rings, Steven. “Mystères limpides: time and transformation in Debussy’s ‘Des pas sur la neige…’” 19th-Century Music 32(2) (2008): 178-209.
Reigle, Robert. “Reconsidering the Idea of Timbre: A Brief History and New Proposals.” In Musicult’14 Music and Cultural Studies Conference Proceedings, 233-243. Istanbul: Dakam, 2014.
“Review of William James and Henry Bergson by Horace Meyer Kallen.” The North American Review 201 no. 710 (1915): 94-97.
Shanahan, Daniel. “Debussy’s Forms of Deception: Toward a Theory of Implication, Tension, and Attraction in the Préludes.” Ph.D. diss, Trinity College, Dublin, 2011.
Silvermann, Debora. Art Nouveau in Fin-de-Siècle France: Politics, Psychology, and Style. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1989.
Trilling, Johannes. Untersuchungen zur Rezeption Claude Debussys in der zeitgenössischen Musikkritik. Tutzing: Hans Schneider, 1983.
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2015-11-23
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Harrison, Jane Ellen. 2015. “A conexão Espiritualista: Afinidade estilística E Homologia Estrutural Entre Bergson E Debussy”. Música Em Contexto 9 (1):55-88. https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/Musica/article/view/19589.
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