A hidropolítica brasileira sob a Agenda 2030 das Nações Unidas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20889/M47e21011Palavras-chave:
Agenda 2030, Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS), HidropolíticaResumo
A estrutura da Agenda 2030 e dos seus Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) incluem a água em seu escopo, demonstrando que esse recurso natural está entrelaçado com o bem-estar da sociedade e é necessário para o alcance do desenvolvimento sustentável. Este artigo explora como a hidropolítica contribui com essa nova agenda de desenvolvimento, analisando as políticas hídricas brasileiras em relação ao ODS6.
Downloads
Referências
AGÊNCIA NACIONAL DAS ÁGUAS. (2018a). ANA reafirma seu compromisso com os objetivos do desenvolvimento sustentável. Retrieved February 1, 2018 from http://www3.ana.gov.br/portal/ANA/noticias/ana-reafirma-seu-compromisso-com-os-objetivos-de-desenvolvimento-sustentavel-da-onu.
AGÊNCIA NACIONAL DAS ÁGUAS. (2018b). Panorama da quantidade de água. Retrieved December 2018, from http://www3.ana.gov.br/portal/ANA/panorama-das-aguas/quantidade-da-agua.
AGÊNCIA NACIONAL DAS ÁGUAS. (2019). ODS 6 no Brasil: visão da ANA sobre os indicadores. 94 p. Agência Nacional das Águas. Brasília: ANA, 2019. Retrieved June 26, 2019, from https://www.ana.gov.br/acesso-a-informacao/institucional/publicacoes/ods6/ods6.pdf.
ANA; IPEA; PNUD; IPC-IG. (2018). Dialogues on the Sustainable Development Goals and the Challenges for Water and Sanitation Management in Brazil. Retrieved June 26, 2019, from http://www.ipea.gov.br/portal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32640:dialogues-on-the-sustainable-development-goals-and-the-challenges-for-water-and-sanitation-management-in-brazil&catid=406:relatorio-institucional&directory=1.
AITH, F. M.A; ROTHBARTH, R. (2015). O estatuto jurídico das águas no Brasil. Estudos Avançados, v.29, n.84.
BENJAMIN, A. H.; MARQUES, C. L.; TINKER, C. The water giant awakes: an overview of water law in Brazil. Tex L. Rev., v. 83, p. 2185, 2004.
BRASIL. (2016). Brasil lidera construção de indicadores do desenvolvimento sustentável. Cidadania e Justiça. Retrieved December 11, 2018, from http://www.brasil.gov.br/cidadania-e-justica/2016/04/brasil-lidera-construcao-de-indicadores-dos-objetivos-de-desenvolvimento-sustentavel.
BRASIL. Informações Indicadores Ambientais. Ministério do Meio Ambiente. Disponível em: <http://www.mma.gov.br/images/informacoes_ambientais/p_info_ambientais/arq_pdf/ods_pdf/ODS6-ODS-Indicadores-P.pdf> Acesso em: 11 de dez de 2018.
BRASIL. Lei 11.445, de 5 de janeiro de 2007. Disponível em: <http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2007-2010/2007/lei/l11445.htm>. Acesso em: 12 dez de 2018.
BRASIL. Lei 6938, 31 de agosto de 1981. Disponível em: <http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/Leis/L6938.html > Acesso em: 13 de dez. de 2018.
BRASIL. Lei 9.433, de 8 de janeiro de 1997. Disponível em: <http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/L9433.htm>. Acesso em: 11 de dez. 2018
BRASIL. Recursos Hídricos. Ministério de Relações Exteriores. Disponível em: <http://8.worldwaterforum.org/pt-br/news/nova-agenda-de-desenvolvimento-os-desafios-para-implementa%C3%A7%C3%A3o-do-ods-6> Acesso em: 14 de dez. de 2018.
BROGAN, J.; ERIMANN, T.; MULLER, K.; SOROKOVSKYI, V. (2016). SGD6 along the water and nutrient cycles. AQUASAN ”“ Community of Practise. Retrieved June 26, 2018, from http://www.aguasan.ch/ws2016/SDG-6-Water-&-Nutrient-Cycles.pdf.
CASCÃO, A. E; ZEITOUN, M. Power, Hegemony and Critical Hydropolitics. In: Earle, Anton, Anders Jägerskog, e Joakim Öjendal, orgs. 2010. Transboundary water management: principles and practice. 1st ed. London; Washington, D.C: Earthscan. Pg. 27-42.
CERF, M. E. Sustainable Development Goal Integration, Interdependence, and Implementation: the Environment”“Economic”“Health Nexus and Universal Health Coverage. Global Challenges, 3, 1900021, 2019.
DANISH INSTITUTE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS. (2016). The human rights guide to the Sustainable Development Goals. Retrieved July 20, 2018, from
DINAR, S.; DE STEFANO, L. DUNCAN, J. STAHL, K. (oct 18, 2012). No Wars for Water. Foreign affairs. Available at: <https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/global-commons/2012-10-18/no-wars-water>. Access on: 18 nov. 2018.
ELHANCE, A. P.; ASCHER, W. (March/April 2000 Issue). Hydropolitics in the Third World: Conflict and Cooperation in International River Basins; Why Governments Waste Natural Resources: Policy Failures in Developing Countries. Foreign affairs ”“ Capsule Review. Available at: <https://www.foreignaffairs.com/reviews/capsule-review/2000-03-01/hydropolitics-third-world-conflict-and-cooperation-international>. Access on: 12 nov. 2018.
FALKENMARK, M. Fresh water: time for a modified approach. Ambio, v. 15, n. 4, p. 192-200, 1986.
FÓRUM MUNDIAL DAS ÁGUAS. A nova agenda de desenvolvimento: os desafios para a implementação do ODS-6. Notícias. Disponível em: <http://8.worldwaterforum.org/pt-br/news/nova-agenda-de-desenvolvimento-os-desafios-para-implementa%C3%A7%C3%A3o-do-ods-6> Acesso em: 13 de dez. de 2018.
FURLONG, K. Hidden theories, troubled waters: International relations, the 'territorial trap', and the Southern African Development Community's transboundary waters. Political geography, v. 25, n. 1, p. 438-459, 2006.
GLEICK, P. (2000). The changing water paradigm: a look at twenty-first century water resources development. Water International, v. 25, n. 1, p. 127-138, 2000.
GLEICK, P. (2003). Global freshwater resources: soft-path solutions for the 21st century. Science, v. 302, p. 1524-1528, 2003.
HUSSEIN, H.; MENGA, F.; GRECO, F. (2018). Monitoring Transboundary Water Cooperation in SDG 6.5.2: How a Critical Hydropolitics Approach Can Spot Inequitable Outcomes. Sustainability, 10, 3640.
INSTITUTO TRATA BRASIL. Ranking do Saneamento Básico no Brasil. Disponível em: <http://www.tratabrasil.org.br/blog/2018/04/19/trata-brasil-lanca-ranking-do-saneamento/> Acesso em: 15 de dez. de 2018.
JULIEN, F. (2012). Hydropolitics Is What Societies Make of It (or Why We Need a Constructivist Approach to the Geopolitics of Water). International Journal of Sustainable Society, 4 (1/2): 45.
KAUFFER, E. (2000). Ni coopération, ni conflict ouvert: l'hydropolitique dans les bassins versants internationaux à la frontière entre le Mexique, le Guatemala et le Belize. 10º Congrès AFSP. Grenoble 2009.
LANKFORD, B. (2013). Does Article 6 (Factors Relevant to Equitable and Reasonable Utilization) in the UN Watercourses Convention misdirect riparian countries? Water International, v. 38, n. 2, p. 130-145, 2013.
LEB, C. (2015). Onestep at a time: international law and the duty to cooperate in the management of shared water resources. Water International, v. 40, n. 1, p. 21-32.
LUFKIN, B. (16 june 2017). Why ‘hydro-politics’ will shape the 21st century. BBC ”“ future now. Available at: <http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20170615-why-hydro-politics-will-shape-the-21st-century >. Access on: 12 nov. 2018.
MIRUMACHI, N. Transboundary water politics in the developing world. Milton Park, Oxon, United Kingdon; New York, United States: Routledge, 2015.
MIRUMACHI, N.; ALLAN, J. A. Revisiting Transboundary Water Governance: Power, Conflict, Cooperation and the Political Economy. CAIWA conference paper 2007.
MOORE, S. (2018). Subnational hydropolitics: conflict, cooperation, and institution-buiding. New York: Oxford University Press.
NAÇÕES UNIDAS. (2015). Transformando Nosso Mundo: a Agenda 2030 para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável. Retrieved June 26, 2018, from http://www.br.undp.org/content/dam/brazil/docs/agenda2030/undp-br-Agenda2030-completo-pt-br-2016.pdf.
NILSSON, M.; GRIGGS, D.; VISBECK, M. (2016, 16 jun.). Policy: Map the interactions between Sustainable Development Goals. Nature, vol. 534, 320”“322.
ONU-BR ”“ Nações Unidas no Brasil (2018). Conheça os novos 17 Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável da ONU. Retrieved June 27, 2018, from https://nacoesunidas.org/conheca-os-novos-17-objetivos-de-desenvolvimento-sustentavel-d-a-onu/.
ONU-BR ”“ Nações Unidas no Brasil (2018). ODS6 ”“ Água potável e saneamento. Retrieved June 26, 2018, from https://nacoesunidas.org/pos2015/ods6/.
ORGANIZAÇÕES DAS NAÇÕES UNIDAS BRASIL. 6 água potável e saneamento. Disponível em:< https://nacoesunidas.org/pos2015/ods6/>Acesso em: 11 de dez. de 2018.
REDE ODS BRASIL. Decreto N° 9.759/2019. Disponível em: <https://www.redeodsbrasil.org/post/2019/04/11/decreto-n-9759-2019>. Acesso em: 25 jun. 2020.SADOFF, C.; GREY, D. Beyond the river: the benefits of cooperation on international rivers. Water Policy, v. 4, p. 389-403, 2002.
SCHLEIFER, L. (2017, August 24). 7 reasons we’re facing a global water crisis. World Resources Institute. Retrieved June 26, 2018, from http://www.wri.org/blog/2017/08/7-reasons-were-facing-global-water-crisis.
SCHMEIER, S. Governing international watercourses: river basin organizations and the sustainable governance of internationally shared rivers and lakes. Milton Park, Abingdon, UK.: Routledge, 2013.
SHIKLOMANOV, I. World freshwater resources. In: GLEICK, P. (Ed.). Water crisis: a guide to the world's freshwater resources. Nova York, Oxford: Oxford university press, 1993.
SNEDDON, C.; FOX, C. Rethinking transboundar waters: a critical hydropolitics of the Mekong basin. Political Geography, v. 25, p. 181-202, 2006.
SWYNGEDOUW, E. Modernity and hybridity: nature, regeneracionismo, and the production of Spanish waterscape, 1890-1930. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, v. 89, n. 3, p. 443-465, 1999.
SWYNGEDOUW, E. Technonatural revolutions: the scalar politics of Franco's hydro-social dream for Spain, 1938-1975. Transactions of the institute of british geographers, v. 32, p. 9-28, 2007.
TRINDADE, L. L.; SCHEIBE, L. F. Water management: constraints to and contributions of Brazilian watershed management committees. Ambiente & Sociedade, v. 22, p. e02672, 2019.
TURTON, A. (2002). Introduction. In: Turton, A., Henwood, R. (edt.). Hydropolitics in the Developing World ”“ a Southern African Perspective. Pp. 13 ”“ 23. Pretoria: Centre for International Political Studies.
UITTO, J.; WOLF, A. Water wars? Geographical perspectives: introduction. The geographical journal, v. 168, n. 4, p. 289-292, 2002.
UN. Transboundary waters: sharing benefits, sharing responsabilities. 2008
UN-WATER (2016). Monitoring Water and Sanitation in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development ”“ an introductory guide. New York, United Nations Publications.
UN-WATER (2018). Sustainable Development Goal 6 - Synthesis Report 2018 on Water and Sanitation. New York, United Nations Publications.
VÖRÖSMARTY, C. et al. (2000). Global water resources: vulnerability from climate change and populations growth. Science, v. 289, n. 284, p. 284-288, 2000.
WARNER, J.; ZAWAHRI, N. Hegemony and asymmetry: multiple-chessboard games on transboundary rivers. International Environmental Agreements, v. 12, p. 215-229, 2012.
WARNER, J.; ZEITOUN, M. International relations theory and water do mix: A reponse to Furlong's troubled waters, hydro-hegemony and international water relations. Political geography, v. 27, p. 802-810, 2008.
WARNER, JEROEN, NAHO MIRUMACHI, REBECCA L. FARNUM, MATTIA GRANDI, FILIPPO MENGA, E MARK ZEITOUN. 2017. Transboundary ‘Hydro-Hegemony’: 10 Years Later: Hydro-Hegemony 10 Years After. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water 4 (6): e1242.
WOLF, A.; YOFFE, S.; GIORDANO, M. International waters: identifying basins at risk. Water Policy, v. 5, p. 29-60, 2003.
WOODHOUSE, P.; MULLER, M. Water governance””An historical perspective on current debates. World Development, v. 92, p. 225-241, 2017.
WWAP (United Nations World Water Assessment Programme)/UN-Water. (2018). The United Nations World Water Development Report 2018: Nature-Based Solutions for Water. Paris, UNESCO.
YOFFE, S.; WOLF, A.; GIORDANO, M. Conflict and cooperation over international freshwater resources: indicators of basins at risk. Journal of American water resources association, v. 39, n. 5, p. 1109-1126, 2003.
ZEITOUN, M.; GOULDEN, M.; TICKNER, D. Current and future challenges facing transboundary river basin management. WIREs Climate Change, v. 4, p. 331-349, 2013.
ZEITOUN, M.; MIRUMACHI, N. Transboundary water interaction I: reconsidering conflict and cooperation. International Environmental Agreements, v. 8, p. 296-316, 2008.
ZEITOUN, M.; MIRUMACHI, N.; WARNER, J. Transboundary water interaction II: the influence of 'soft' power. International Environmental Agreements, v. 11, p. 159-178, 2011.
ZEITOUN, M.; WARNER, J. (2006). Hydro-Hegemony: A Framework for Analysis of Transboundary Water Conflicts. Water Policy, 8, 435-460.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2020 Meridiano 47 - Journal of Global Studies
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
