JUST TRANSITION AND LOW-CARBON AGRICULTURE: LESSONS FROM BRAZILIAN PIG FARMING FOR THE COP30 CLIMATE AGENDA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18829/2317-921X.2025.e60208Palavras-chave:
Swine sector, COP30, Carbon pricing, Emissions trading (ETS), Payments for environmental services (PES)Resumo
Abstract
This study assesses how economic instruments arranged as a coherent policy mix can accelerate the decarbonization of Brazil’s swine sector within a just transition framework. A systematic review (2015–2025) from Web of Science, identified 26 studies covering sectoral greenhouse gases (CH₄/N₂O), mitigation options (anaerobic digesters, manure management, precision nutrition), and instrument design (carbon taxation and emissions trading - ETS; payments for environmental services - PES; green rural credit; standards/certification; and extension services). The evidence indicates that stand-alone policies tend to deliver limited and uneven outcomes. By contrast, integrated mixes that combine price signals with revenue recycling, targeted PES, concessional finance, and technical assistance are associated with faster technology adoption, lower abatement costs, and broader smallholder inclusion. Based on these findings, a governance ready architecture is delineated that couples: (i) federal pricing and regulatory frameworks with earmarked revenues for credit and technical assistance; (ii) state-level financial instruments and PES supported by proportionate monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV); and (iii) territorial cooperative arrangements enabling producer aggregation, certification, and market access. Positioned in the run-up to COP30 (Belém), the analysis specifies key trade-offs and feasibility conditions, including MRV indicators, distributive safeguards, and pooling mechanisms. The synthesis suggests that a combination of carbon tax, ETS, PES, green credit and extension offers a balanced pathway that aligns efficiency, equity, and environmental integrity in the swine value chain.
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