Cloud-Based Virtual Learning Environment Model: A Delphi Study

A Delphi Study

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26512/lstr.v16i1.47890

Keywords:

Cloud Computing. Virtual Learning Environment. Higher Educational Institutions. Delphi Technique. Requirement Elicitation.

Abstract

[Purpose] With the recent technological advancement that the educational sector is facing nowadays, exploring, and evaluating the requirements of such technologies is becoming an important phase to ensure its usability, adaptability, and efficiency before official development and adoption. Thus, this study employed the Delphi technique to gather experts’ opinions and reach a consensus on the critical requirements of a virtual learning environment (VLE) based on cloud computing technology. The output of this study proposes a validated cloud-based virtual learning environment (CBVLE) model for use within the teaching and learning environment in Saudi Arabia’s higher education institutions (HEI).

[Methodology/Approach/Design] This study employed the Delphi technique to validate a CBVLE model by conducting three different questionnaire rounds for the same panel of 19 experts to reach a consensus of views on the ideal CBVLE model to be used within the targeted environment.

[Practical Implications] The paper highlights the main legal, educational, operational, and quality requirements and factors to consider before developing any CBVLE model, such as cultural influence. The results of this study are expected to provide valuable insights for educators and administrators, along with performing a guideline for researchers in designing and implementing effective, usable, and adoptable CBVLE.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Aminah Rezqallah Malkawi, UNIVERSITY UTARA MALAYSIA

Ph.D Candidate in Information Technology at School of Computing, Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM). E-mail: am.malkawi@gmail.com.    

Muhamad Shahbani Abu Bakar, University Utara Malaysia (UUM)

Associate Professor in the School of Computing at University Utara Malaysia (UUM). E-mail: shahbani@uum.edu.my.

Zulkhairi Md Dahlin, School of Computing at University Utara Malaysia (UUM)

Professor in in the School of Computing at University Utara Malaysia (UUM). E-mail: zuldahlim@gmail.com.

References

ADJE, Mishael, et al. (2023). Developing tailored intervention strategies for implementation of stratified care to low back pain with physiotherapists in Nigeria: a Delphi study. BMC Health Services Research, v. 23, n. 1, p. 134.

AHMED, Ali and AHMED, Huma. (2019). A Proposed Model for Education System Using Cloud Computing. 2018 3rd International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering, Sciences and Technology, ICEEST 2018, p. 1–4.

AHMED, Ibrahim and HUSSAIN, Zakir. (2018). A proposed model of cloud-based e-learning for Najran University. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, v. 9, n. 12, p. 577–582.

AL-ARAIBI, Asma and MAHRIN, Mohd Naz’ri Bin and YUSOFF, Rasimah Che Mohd. (2019). Technological aspect factors of E-learning readiness in higher education institutions: Delphi technique. Education and Information Technologies, v. 24, n. 1, p. 567–590.

ALDIAB, Abdulaziz et al. (2019). Utilization of Learning Management Systems (LMSs) in higher education system: A case review for Saudi Arabia. Energy Procedia, v. 160, n. 2018, p. 731–737.

ALDIAB, Abdulaziz Khalid A. (2022). eLearning Environment in Saudi Universities. 2022. RMIT University.

ALDOAYAN, May. (2020). A Conceptual Framework for Cloud-based Collaborative Online Course Provision. Bournemouth University.

ALDOAYAN, May et al. (2020). A Conceptual Framework for Cloud-based Collaborative Online Course Provision. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, p. 27–31.

ALDOAYAN, May et al. (2019). Collaborative cloud-based online courses: Issues and challenges. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, v. Part F1481, p. 17–21.

ALENEZI, Farhan Yetaim. (2019). The Role of Cloud Computing for the Enhancement of Teaching and Learning in Saudi Arabian Universities in Accordance with the Social Constructivism Theory: A Specialist’ s Point of View. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning iJET, v. 14, n. 13, p. 70–87.

ALFLEN, Naiara C. and PRADO, Edmir P.V. and GROTTA, Alexandre. (2020). A model for evaluating requirements elicitation techniques in software development projects. SciTePress, p. 242–249.

ALGHAMDI, Fahad A. (2018). An Integrated Cloud model for intelligent E-Learning system. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, v. 13, n. 14, p. 11484–11490.

ALGHUSHAMI, Abdullah Hussein and ZAKARIA, Nur Haryani and AJI, Zahurin Mat. (2020). Factors influencing cloud computing adoption in higher education institutions of least developed countries: Evidence from Republic of Yemen. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), v. 10, n. 22, p. 1–27.

ALHAJRI, Mohammed N. (2020). A Cloud-Based Collaborative Virtual Learning Environment for the Higher Education Institutions in the Sultanate of Oman. Bournemouth University.

ALHARBI, Mafawez. (2017). An Architecture of a Cloud-Based Virtual Learning Environment. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, v. 4, n. 2, p. 10–15.

ALHARBI, Samar. (2018). Immediacy Practices in a Virtual Learning Environment: Perceptions of Tutors and Female Students at a Saudi University.

AL-HARTHI, Aisha Salim Ali and CAMPBELL, Chris and KARIMI, Arafeh. (2018). Teachers’ Cloud-Based Learning Designs: The Development of a Guiding Rubric Using the TPACK Framework. Computers in the Schools, v. 35, n. 2, p. 134–151.

ALKHATER, Nouf and WALTERS, Robert and WILLS, Gary. (2018). An empirical study of factors influencing cloud adoption among private sector organisations. Telematics and Informatics, v. 35, n. 1, p. 38–54.

AL-MADHAGY, Taufiq Hail Ghilan. (2018). Acceptance Model of Saas Cloud Computing Towards Green Computing at Malaysian Public Universities. Unversiti Utara Malaysia.

AL‐MAMARY, Yaser Hasan et al. (2022). Factors influencing the use of technology in higher education in Saudi Arabia: A conceptual framework and future research directions. Journal of Public Affairs, v. 22, n. 4.

AL-SAMARRAIE, Hosam and SAEED, Noria. (2018). A systematic review of cloud computing tools for collaborative learning: Opportunities and challenges to the blended-learning environment. Computers and Education, v. 124, p. 77–91.

ALSHANQITI, Ishahe. (2021). Cloud Computing Adoption in Saudi Arabia Higher Education: A Quantitative Study Based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). University of Kansas.

ALSUBAIE, Faisal. (2022). A Study on the Role of Universities in Saudi Arabia in Empowering Women Educationally. Journal for Educators, Teachers and Trainers, v. 13, n. 6.

AMBREEN ANSAR and YASMEEN, Rahila and MUSHTAQ RIZVI, Robina. (2022). Developing consensus on content & format of e-portfolio for MHPE students: a Delphi study. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association.

BAANQUD, Noria Saeed et al. (2020). Engagement in cloud-supported collaborative learning and student knowledge construction: a modeling study. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, v. 17, n. 1.

BACKIALAKSHMI, B and SUMALATHA, V. (2020). A Novel Approach for Cloud-Based E-Learning System. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, v. 9, n. 04, p. 1587–159.

BENSON, Ashley C. Gray. (2019). An Exploration of Factors Influencing First-Generation College Students’ Ability to Graduate College: A Delphi Study. Antioch University.

BOUAYNAYA, Wafa. (2020). Characterization of Cloud Computing Reversibility as Explored by the DELPHI Method. Information Systems Frontiers, v. 22, n. 6, p. 1505–1518.

BUZO-SÁNCHEZ, I.J. and MÍNGUEZ, C. and DE LÁZARO-TORRES, M.L. (2022). Expert perspectives on GIS use in Spanish geographic education. International Journal of Digital Earth, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1204–1218.

CHENG, Yung-Ming. (2020). Students’ satisfaction and continuance intention of the cloud-based e-learning system: roles of interactivity and course quality factors. Education and Training, v. 62, n. 9, p. 1037–1059.

DALKEY, N. (1969). An experimental study of group opinion: The Delphi method. Futures, v. 1, n. 5, p. 408–426.

DE LUCA, Enrico et al. (2021). A Delphi survey of health education system and interprofessional nurse’ role. Nurse Education Today, v. 99.

DELANEY, Brian Christopher. (2021). A Delphi Study of Experiential Pedagogical Practices and Instructional Design Strategies for Online Journalism and Mass Communication in Higher Education. Drexel University.

EL-ATTAR, Noha Ezzat and EL-ELA, Niveen Abo and AWAD, Wael A. (2019). Integrated learning approaches based on cloud computing for personalizing e-learning environment. International Journal of Web-Based Learning and Teaching Technologies, v. 14, n. 2, p. 67–87.

ELMASRY, Abbas and IBRAHIM, Hassan. (2021). Cloud Computing For E-learning: A Proposed Model for Higher Education Institutions in Developing Countries. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, v. 10, n. 4.

ELZAMLY, Abdelrafe et al. (2017). Predicting Critical Cloud Computing Security Issues using Artificial Neural Network (ANNs) Algorithms in Banking Organizations. International Journal of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, v. 6, n. 2, p. 40–45.

FARAHAT, Ashraf. (2022). Elements of academic integrity in a cross-cultural middle eastern educational system: Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Jordan case study. International Journal for Educational Integrity, v. 18, n. 1, p. 9.

FERREIRA, Camino and ARIAS, Ana R. and VIDAL, Javier. (2022). Quality criteria in MOOC: Comparative and proposed indicators. PLOS ONE, v. 17, n. 12.

FINK-HAFNER, Danica et al. (2019). Delphi method: strengths and weaknesses. Metodološki zvezki, v. 16, n. 2, p. 1–19.

FORSTER, Kate. (2021). Impact of Institutional Trust and Trust in Cloud Service Provider on the Adoption of Cloud Computing: a Quantitative. Capella University.

HOFSTEDE, Geert. (1984). Cultural dimensions in management and planning. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, v. 1, n. 2, p. 81–99.

HSU, LiWei and CHEN, Yen-Jung. (2019). Examining teachers’ technological pedagogical and content knowledge in the era of cloud pedagogy. South African Journal of Education, v. 39, n. S2, p. 1–13.

HUANG, PoTsang B. et al. (2022). Using Modified Delphi Study to Develop Instrument for ESG Implementation: A Case Study at an Indonesian Higher Education Institution. Sustainability, v. 14, n. 19, p. 12623.

HUANG, Yong Ming. (2016). The factors that predispose students to continuously use cloud services: Social and technological perspectives. Computers and Education, v. 97, p. 86–96.

HUMPHREY-MURTO, Susan et al. (2017). The Use of the Delphi and Other Consensus Group Methods in Medical Education Research: A Review. Academic Medicine, v. 92, n. 10, p. 1491–1498.

HUSSEIN, Ibrahim Hassan et al. (2021). An Approach for Selecting the Suitable Requirement Elicitation Technique. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT), v. 12, n. 3, p. 2083–2087.

IFTIKHAR, Naima and CROWTHER, Philip and BURTON, Lindy Osborne. (2023). Identifying the phases of learning in an Australasian undergraduate architecture design studio model. Arts and Humanities in Higher Education, p. 147402222311568.

JALAMNEH, Ammar Abdullah and KHDER, Moaiad Ahmad. (2021). Challenges of Implementing Cloud Computing in the Arab Libraries Environment. Information Sciences Letters, v. 10, n. 1, p. 81–91.

KARIM, Faten and RAMPERSAD, Giselle. (2017). Factors Affecting the Adoption of Cloud Computing in Saudi Arabian Universities. Computer and Information Science, v. 10, n. 2, p. 109.

KASSIM, Rahimah et al. (2018). Organization Support for Cloud Computing Implementation Success in Education System: Scale Development and Validity in Delphi. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, v. 7, n. 3.30, p. 512.

KASSIM, Rahimah and ABDUL HAMID, Nor Aziati and NORDIN, Latipah. (2020). Potential benefits and obstacles of cloud computing implementation in higher education institutions (HEIs): A delphi study. Journal of Critical Reviews, v. 7, n. 8, p. 93–98.

KAZEMI, Uranus and BOOSTANI, Reza. (2020). Analysis of scalability and risks in cloud computing. International Journal of Academic Research in Computer Engineering, v. 2, n. 1, p. 24–33.

KHAN, Shahnawaz et al. (2021). Cloud computing based futuristic educational model for virtual learning. Journal of Statistics and Management Systems, v. 24, n. 2, p. 357–385.

LANG, Michael and WIESCHE, Manuel and KRCMAR, Helmut. (2018). Technical and Managerial Quality of Services in Cloud Computing: A Delphi Study. Information and Management, v. 55, n. 6, p. 746–758.

LEACH, Matthew J. (2021). Development and validation of the ADVANCER framework for naturopathic education and practice: A delphi study. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, v. 44, p. 101397.

MAHMOUD, Wessam Hussein A. (2019). Strategies for Cloud Services Adoption in Saudi Arabia. Walden Universit.

MALKAWI, Aminah Rezqallah and BAKAR, Muhamad Shahbani Abu and DAHLIN, Zulkhairi Md. (2023). Cloud computing virtual learning environment: issues and challenges. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, v. 30, n. 3, p. 1707.

MIRATA, Victoria et al. (2020). Challenges and contexts in establishing adaptive learning in higher education: findings from a Delphi study. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, v. 17, n. 1, p. 32.

MORRIS, Lucinda et al. (2022). An International Expert Delphi Consensus to Develop Dedicated Geriatric Radiation Oncology Curriculum Learning Outcomes. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, v. 113, n. 5, p. 934–945.

MULU, Moses Mutua and NYONI, Champion N. (2023). Standards for evaluating the quality of undergraduate nursing e-learning programme in low- and middle-income countries: a modified Delphi study. BMC Nursing, v. 22, n. 1, p. 73.

MUNAS, Mohamed and ARUN, Kuruvikulam Chandrasekaran. (2020). Challenges in Adopting Virtual Learning Environment in Higher Educational Institutions. PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/ Egyptology, v. 17, n. 7, p. 5221–5233.

MYAVA, Jema Edmund. (2019). Development of an environmental reporting framework for the industrial sector in Tanzania. University of South Africa.

NASA, Prashant and JAIN, Ravi and JUNEJA, Deven. (2021). Delphi methodology in healthcare research: How to decide its appropriateness. World J Methodol, v. 11, n. 4, p. 116–129.

NASRI, Nurfaradilla Mohamad and NASRI, Nurfarahin and TALIB, Mohamad Asyraf Abd. (2020). Towards Developing Malaysia STEM Teacher Standard: Early Framework. Universal Journal of Educational Research, v. 8, n. 7, p. 3077–3084.

NIEDERBERGER, Marlen and SPRANGER, Julia. (2020). Delphi Technique in Health Sciences: A Map. Frontiers in Public Health, v. 8, n. September, p. 1–10.

NOR, Mubin et al. (2022). The Use of Fuzzy Delphi Method in Developing Soft Skills of Industrial Revolution 4.0 In Pdpc at Malaysian Institute of Teacher Education. Social Science Journal.

NUGURI, Sai Shreya et al. (2021). vSocial: a cloud-based system for social virtual reality learning environment applications in special education. Multimedia Tools and Applications, v. 80, n. 11, p. 16827–16856.

OLMOS-GÓMEZ, María del Carmen et al. (2020). Adolescents’ Perception of Religious Education According to Religion and Gender in Spain. Religions, v. 11, n. 11, p. 616.

PECORI, Riccardo. (2018). A virtual learning architecture enhanced by fog computing and big data streams. Future Internet, v. 10, n. 1, p. 1–30.

PITTER, Vivia May. (2022). Identifying Core Components of Digital Literacy Initiatives for Adult Education Programs. Walden University.

RAJHANS, Vidyut et al. (2020). Adopting a modified Delphi technique for revisiting the curriculum: a useful approach during the COVID-19 pandemic. Qualitative Research Journal, v. 20, n. 4, p. 373–382.

RAO, Gururajaprasad and ISKANDAR, Yulita Hanum and MOKHTAR, Norehan. (2020). Developing consensus in identifying challenges of undergraduate orthodontic education in Malaysian public universities using e‐Delphi. European Journal of Dental Education, v. 24, n. 3, p. 590–600.

RAUT, Rakesh D. et al. (2018). Analyzing the factors influencing cloud computing adoption using three stage hybrid SEM-ANN-ISM (SEANIS) approach. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, v. 134, p. 98–123.

REZAPOUR, Sharareh and NIAZAZARI, Kiomars and JABBARY, Negin. (2023). Designing the Model of Tendency to Use Cloud Services in Education with an Interpretive-Structural Modeling Approach. Journal of Islamic Life Style Centeredon Health, v. 6, n. 4.

RICHARDS, Rosalyn Kelson. (2021). Best Practices in Designing Effective Gamified Mixed Reality Learning Environments. Walden University.

SCHMALZ, Ulrike and SPINLER, Stefan and RINGBECK, Jürgen. (2021). Lessons Learned from a Two-Round Delphi-based Scenario Study. MethodsX, v. 8, p. 101179.

SHAH, Sapna and MCCANN, Maggie and YU, Catherine. (2020). Developing a National Competency-Based Diabetes Curriculum in Undergraduate Medical Education: A Delphi Study. Canadian Journal of Diabetes, v. 44, n. 1, p. 30- 36.

SHARMA, Deepika and KUMAR, Vikas. (2017). A framework for collaborative and convenient learning on cloud computing platforms. International Journal of Web-Based Learning and Teaching Technologies, v. 12, n. 2, p. 1–20.

SHYSHKINA, Mariya. (2017). The General Model of the Cloud-Based Learning and Research Environment of Educational Personnel Training. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, v. 715, p. 812–818.

SIDDIQUI, Shams Tabrez et al. (2019). Cloud-Based E-Learning: Using Cloud Computing Platform for an Effective E-Learning. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, v. 851.

SKULIMOWSKI, Andrzej M.J. (2017). Expert Delphi Survey as a Cloud-Based Decision Support Service. Proceedings. 2017 IEEE 10th International Conference on Service-Oriented Computing and Applications, SOCA, p. 190–197.

TAUFIQ-HAIL, Ghilan Al-madhagy et al. (2021). Software As A Service (SAAS) Cloud Computing: An Empirical Investigation on University Students’. Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management, v. 16, p. 213–253.

TRAVIS, Sterling P. (2021). A Delphi Study: How, Can, and Should Individual Psychology Demonstrate Efficacy and Effectiveness Given Evidence-Based Practice Evaluation Standards? The Journal of Individual Psychology, v. 77, n. 1, p. 4–23.

VARESCHI, Rodolfo Dimitrius. (2021). Cloud Computing Adoption During Sars-Cov-2 Pamdemic.

WANG, Yue and LU, Hong. (2021). Validating items of different modalities to assess the educational technology competency of pre-service teachers. Computers & Education, v. 162, p. 104081.

ZAWACKI-RICHTER, Olaf et al. (2019). International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, v. 16, n. 1.

Downloads

Published

2024-05-20

How to Cite

REZQALLAH MALKAWI, Aminah; SHAHBANI ABU BAKAR, Muhamad; MD DAHLIN, Zulkhairi. Cloud-Based Virtual Learning Environment Model: A Delphi Study: A Delphi Study. Law, State and Telecommunications Review, [S. l.], v. 16, n. 1, p. 1–24, 2024. DOI: 10.26512/lstr.v16i1.47890. Disponível em: https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/RDET/article/view/47890. Acesso em: 8 nov. 2024.