Observance of Human Rights in the Use of AI as Technology

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26512/lstr.v14i2.41558

Keywords:

Digital Economy. International Legal Regulation. Protection of Rights and Freedoms. Civil Law. Privacy.

Abstract

[Purpose] The purpose of article is devoted to the study of the specifics of legal regulation, use and development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and related issues of respect for fundamental human rights in modern Ukraine and the EU.

[Methodology] The normative bases of legal regulation of relations in the field of AI are considered. One of the methods, used in this article, is establishment of such general rules for the use of AI that could not violate fundamental human rights.

[Practical Implications] The practical significance lies in establishment that the use of AI is a multi-vector phenomenon that affects all spheres of human life and can violate various groups of rights

[Findings] It was concluded that in order to regulate the use of AI, states need to pay attention to and take into account the Recommendations on AI developed by the European Commission and find a compromise approach to the use of AI, which provides for respect for fundamental human rights.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Olha I. Kosilova, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv

PhD in Political Science, Associate Professor at the Research Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine. Address: 01033, 60 Volodymyrska Str., Kyiv, Ukraine. E-mail: kosilova7287-1@university-of-law.in.net.

Olha V. Rozghon, Scientific and Research Institute of Providing Legal Framework for the Innovative Development of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine

PhD in Law, Leading Researcher at the Department of Legal Support for the Functioning of the National Innovation System, Scientific and Research Institute of Providing Legal Framework for the Innovative Development of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine. E-mail: rozghon@u-tokio.eu.

Chrystyna K. Solodovnikova, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv

PhD in Psychology, Lawyer at the Research Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine. E-mail: solodovnikova@lund-univer.eu.

Volodymyr M. Stolbovyi, National Academy of Security Service of Ukraine

Full Doctor in Law, Professor at the Department of Civil Law Disciplines, National Academy of Security Service of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine. E-mail: stolbovyi@nanyang-uni.com.

Olha O. Barabash, Lviv State University of Internal Affairs

Full Doctor in Law, Professor at the Department of General Law Disciplines, Lviv State University of Internal Affairs, Lviv, Ukraine. E-mail: barabash@singapore-uni.com.

References

A definition of AI: Main capabilities and scientific disciplines High-Level Expert Group on AI. (2019). Available at https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/definition-artificial-intelligence-main-capabilities-and-scientific-disciplines

AI: what is it and how can an ordinary person use it? (2018). Available at https://trainmindpower.com/iskusstvennyj-intellekt/

ALEKSIUK, E. (2019). Deep fake media reality. Available at https://cedem.org.ua/articles/deep-fake/

AZMUK, N. (2019). AI in the process of work in the digital economy: new challenges and opportunities. Donbass Economic Bulletin, 3, 137-145.

BAY, G. (2019). Transformation of HR-technologies under the influence of digitalization of business processes. Economics and Organization of Management, 2, 93-101.

BRUCE, R.-L., STRONG, A., BIELER, K., PEABODY, J., HANLON, E., SINMAO, D., & BOCK, M. (1994). Human development. Report 1994. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

CHUBATYUK, YU. (2018). AI in the service of modern politicum: Threats to democratic principles and the need for new standards. Available at https://www.everest.ua/analytics/shtuchnyj-intelekt-na-sluzhbi-suchasnogo-politykumu-zagrozy-demokratychnym-prynczypam-i-neobhidnist-unovyh-standartah/

Code of Ukraine on administrative offenses. (1984). Available at https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/80731-10#Text

Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on AI for Europe. (2018). Available at https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM%3A2018%3A237%3AFIN

Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. (1997). Available at https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_004#Text

Convention on Cybercrime. (2001). Available at https://rm.coe.int/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices/DisplayDCTMContent?documentId=0900001680081561

Coordinated Plan on Artificial Intelligence (COM (2018) 795 final). (2018). Available at https://ec.europa.eu/knowledge4policy/publication/coordinated-plan-artificial-intelligence-com2018-795-final_en

Criminal Code of Ukraine of April. (2001). Available at https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2341-14#Text

DE HARO, E. (2018). How the enlightenment ends: Philosophically, intellectually – in every way – human society is unprepared for the rise of AI. Available at https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2018/06/henry-kissinger-ai-could-mean-the-end-of-human-history/559124/

DOROZHKO, E. (2018). Electronic petitions in Ukraine. Available at https://www.prostir.ua/?library=elektronni-petytsiji-vukrajini

Draft Law of Ukraine “On the Concept of Implementation of the Electronic Voting System in Ukraine”. (2011). Available at https://ips.ligazakon.net/document/JF6OG00A

DVOROVY, M. (2020). How the Ministry of Education and Science sees AI in Ukraine: Analysis of the concept of AI development. Available at https://dslua.org/publications/yak-mintsyfry-bachyt-ai-v-ukraini-analiz-kontseptsii-rozvytku-shtuchnoho-intelektu/

Electronic court. (2020). Available at https://id.court.gov.ua/

Electronic democracy: Citizens and power. (2012). Available at http://imrussia.org/ru/society/330-edemocracy-citizens-and-the-state

Ethics guidelines for trustworthy AI. (2019). Available at https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/document.cfm?doc_id=60419

European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice (CEPEJ). (2018). Available at https://rm.coe.int/ethical-charter-en-for-publication-4-december-/16808f699c

European Group on Ethics in Science and New Technologies (EGE). (2016). Available at https://ec.europa.eu/info/research-and-innovation/strategy/support-policy-making/scientific-support-eu-policies/ege_en

European Parliament resolution with recommendations to the Commission on Civil Law Rules on Robotics. (2017). Available at https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-8-2017-0051_EN.html

European strategy on Artificial intelligence. (2020). Available at https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/artificial-intelligence

Extreme automation and connectivity: The global, regional, and investment implications of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. (2016). Available at https://www.ip-watch.org/weblog/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/ubs-vierte-industrielle-revolution-2016-01-21.pdf

Facebook is late in protecting personal data. (2020). Available at https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-technology/2787837-facebookzapiznivsa-iz-zahistom-osobistih-danih-cukerberg.html

Facebook to be fined $5bn over Cambridge analytic scandal. (2019). Available at https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-48972327

FENAZZI, S. (2013). Swiss direct democracy in the digital age. Available at https://www.swissinfo.ch/rus

FILIPOVA, I. (2020). Legal regulation of AI: teach. Nizhny Novgorod: Nizhny Novgorod State University.

Forecast of the world economy until 2030E. (2018). Available at https://clck.ru/UKoXZ

FULEY, T. (2015). Application of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights in the administration of justice. Kyiv: OSCE Project Coordinator in Ukraine.

G20 Ministerial Statement on Trade and Digital Economy. (2019). Available at https://www.mofa.go.jp/files/000486596.pdf

Guidelines on AI and Data Protection. (2019). Available at https://rm.coe.int/guidelines-on-artificial-protection/168091f9d8

GURIEVA, M. (2019). AI and “new discrimination”: How do technologies affect human rights and life? Available at https://inspired.com.ua/creative/technology/shtuchnyj-intelekt-ta-nova-dyskryminatsiya-yak-tehnologiyi-vplyvayut-na-prava-ta-zhyttyalyudyny/?fbclid=IwAR3LZx6g_KZFbelRP5BhHWEfb9XJ4ERSdRRZZAiREg5Rf5sG8IEn6xq7v7A

HRYTSIAK, N.V., & SOLOVYOV, S.G. (2013). Electronic democracy as a mechanism of political interaction. Kyiv: National Academy for Public Administration.

Industry 4.0. A policy brief from the Policy Learning Platform on Research and Innovation. (2019). Available at https://www.interregeurope.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/plp_uploads/policy_briefs/INDUSTRY_4.0_Policy_Brief.pdf

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. (1966). Available at https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_043#Text

JAUME-PALASÍ, L., & SPIELKAMP, M. (2018). Digital-Atlas Deutschland: Überblick über die Digitalisierung von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft sowie von KMU, NGOs, Bildungseinrichtungen sowie der Zukunft der Arbeit in Deutschland. Available at https://www.iwconsult.de/aktuelles/projekte/digital-atlas

KAMINSKA, T., KAMINSKY, A., & PASICHNYK, M. (2008). Foreign experience of e-government implementation. Kyiv: National Academy for Public Administration.

KARAVAEV, I. (2020). Online elections in Ukraine: Realities and prospects. Available at https://yur-gazeta.com/publications/practice/informaciyne-pravo-telekomunikaciyi/vibori-onlayn-v-ukrayini-realiyi-ta-perspektivi.html

KARPENKO, O. (2017). Alibaba CEO Jack Ma – on the economy of the future: “Stop hoping for production to create jobs”. Available at https://ain.ua/2017/09/21/dzhek-ma-ob-ekonomike-budushhego/

KRAKOVETSKY, O. (2018). Review of national strategies for the development of AI. Available at https://clck.ru/UKoKZ

Künstliche Intelligenz nur auf Kosten der Menschenrechte? (2020). Available at https://www.wienerzeitung.at/verlagsbeilagen/digitale-republik/2055529-Kuenstliche-Intelligenz-nur-auf-Kosten-der-Menschenrechte.html

KUTSENKO, S. (2017). Protection of personal and personal data on the Internet: problems of legislative regulation. Available at https://ukrainepravo.com/scientific-thought/legal_analyst/zakhist-osobistikh-ta-personalnikh-danikh-v-interneti-problemi-zakonodavchogovregulyuvannya/?fbc

Law of Ukraine No. 2297-VI “On Personal Data Protection”. (2010). Available at https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2297-17#Text

Law of Ukraine No. 254k/96 “On the Adoption of the Constitution of Ukraine and its Entry into Force”. (1996). Available at http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/Z960254.html

Law of Ukraine No. 393/96-VR “On Citizens’ Appeals”. (1996). Available at https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/393/96%D0%B2%D1%80#Text

MARK, D.R., & GURCHETAN, S.G. (2014). Making laws in a digital age. Available at https://www.parliament.uk/ documents/speaker/digital

MILLER, J. (2018). Can a machine have empathy? Available at https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/can-machine-have-empathy-jason-miller

Montreal Declaration for the Responsible Development of AI Launched. (2018). Available at https://www.declarationmontreal-iaresponsable.com/la-declaration

MSI-AUT Committee of experts on Human Rights Dimensions of automated data processing and different forms of artificial intelligence. (2020). Available at https://www.coe.int/en/web/freedom-expression/msi-aut

New guidelines on Artificial intelligence and data protection. (2019). Available at https://www.coe.int/en/web/human-rights-rule-of-law/-/new-guidelines-on-artificial-intelligence-and-data-protection

Notification on holding a public discussion of the draft order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine “On approval of the Concept of AI development in Ukraine”. (2020). Available at https://thedigital.gov.ua/regulations/povidomlennya-pro-provedennya-publichnogo-gromadskogo-obgovorennya-proyektu-rozporyadzhennya-kabinetu-ministriv-ukrayini-pro-shvalennya-koncepciyi-rozvitku-shtuchnogo-intelektu-v-ukrayini

Order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine “On Approval of the Concept of Development of Artificial Intelligence in Ukraine”. (2020). Available at https://www.kmu.gov.ua/npas/pro-shvalennya-koncepciyi-rozvitku-shtuchnogo-intelektu-v-ukrayini-s21220

Order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 67 “On Approval of the Concept of Development of the Digital Economy and Society of Ukraine for 2018-2020 and Approval of the Action Plan for its Implementation”. (2018). Available at https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/67-2018-%D1%80#Text

OSIPOV, G. (2001). AI: State of research and look into the future. Artificial Intelligence News, 1, 3-13.

Outcome Document: First version of a draft text of a Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence. (2020). Available at https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000373434

PARISER, E. (2011). Beware online “filter bubbles”. Available at https://www.ted.com/talks/eli_pariser_beware_online_filter_bubbles/transcript?language=uk

PAVLYUK, O. (2019). Elections on a smartphone. How social media and messengers influence politics? Available at https://hromadske.ua/posts/vibori-v-smartfoni-yak-socialni-media-ta-mesendzheri-vplivayut-napolitiku?fbclid=iwar3yxikzfemzjegi09byrunqmqeke62ls5im1gh7wilqaxzfsp0awnwx9-s

PETRYSHYN, O.V., POGORILKO, V., & Prytyka, D. (Eds). (2003). Scientific and practical commentary on the Constitution of Ukraine. Available at https://jurisprudence.club/pravo-konstitutsionnoe/konstitutsiya-ukrajini-naukovo-praktichniy.html

PONOMARENKO, I.V. (2018). Practical aspects of application of innovative digital technologies in marketing activities. Economic Bulletin of the National Technical University of Ukraine “Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, 15, 413-421.

PRAVDYCHENKO, A. (2019). Personal data online: Problems of regulation and prospects of protection. Available at https://cedem.org.ua/articles/personalni-dani-onlajn/

Protocol to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. (1952). Available at https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/994_535#Text

PYRMA, R. (2019). Political facets of digital citizenship. Power, 4, 69-78.

Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC. (2016). Available at https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/679/oj

RENTYUK, V. (2019a). Merging AI and the “Internet of Things”. Control Engineering Russia, 2(80), 60-72.

RENTYUK, V. (2019b). Robots, artificial “intelligence” and us. How can we live together? Part 2. Control Engineering Russia, 4(82), 58-62.

Report on the Rule of Law. (2011). Available at https://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL-AD(2011)003rev-e

Report on the safety and liability aspects of AI, 2020 (Cm COM (2020) 64 final). (2020). Available at https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/en/TXT/?qid=1593079180383&uri=CELEX:52020DC0064

Revised European Charter for the participation of young people in public life at local and regional level. (2015). Available at https://rm.coe.int/168071b58f

ROZGHON, O. (2020). AI as digital technology in the economic development of society: Economic and legal aspects. In: T. Nestorenko, M. Gawron-Lapuszek (Eds.), Modern Technologies in the Development of Economy and Human Well-Being. Katowice: Publishing House of University of Technology.

SAVCHUK, O. (2015). Electronic election systems: voting procedures and material means. International experience. Available at http://euinfocenter.rada.gov.ua/uploads/documents/28966.pdf

SHEMSHUCHENKO, V. (2020). Artificial intelligence of justice. Available at https://cedem.org.ua/analytics/shtuchnyj-intelekt-pravosuddia/

SHIMKIV, D. (2015). Detected manipulation of signatures will not preclude consideration of the president’s petition for weapons rights. Available at https://www.5.ua/suspilstvo/shymkiv-vyiavleni-manipuliatsii-z-pidpysamy-ne-zashkodiat-rozghliadu-prezydentom-petytsii-pro-pravo-nazbroiu-92582.html

SOROKA, L. (2019). Legal framework and possible risks of using AI and space technologies. Law and Suspension, 6(2), 209-215.

SPITZER, M. (2014). Anti-brain: Digital technologies and the brain. Moscow: AST.

SUKHOTERIN, A.I., EREMINA, E.V., & KRUCHININA, S.A. (2018). Modern trends in the development of AI: Accumulated experience, problematic issues and prospects. Information Technology Bulletin, 4, 117-124.

UNESCO launches study on AI for Sustainable Development at IGF 2019. (2019). Available at https://en.unesco.org/news/unescolaunches-study-artificial-intelligence-sustainable-development-igf-2019

UNESCO unveils summary research on AI’s implications on human rights at 40th Human Rights Council. (2019). Available at https://en.unesco.org/news/unesco-unveils-summary-research-ais-implications-human-rights-40th-human-rights-council

UNESCO’s expert group revises the draft text of the Recommendation on the ethics of AI. (2020). Available at https://en.unesco.org/news/unescos-expert-group-revises-draft-text-recommendation-ethics-artificial-intelligence

VARAKINA, O. (2019). Permitting consequences. Legal Practice, 51(1147), 17-18.

VAULINA, F. (2019). AI taught to write fake news. Available at https://zn.ua/ukr/TECHNOLOGIES/shtuchniy-intelekt-navchilipisati-feykovi-novini-321845_.html

VORONKOV, O. (2019). Will Ukraine be safe in a smartphone? Four steps of data protection. Available at https://nv.ua/ukr/biz/experts/bezpeka-danih-ukrajinciv-derzhava-v-smartfoni-yak-ce-bude-pracyuvati-50049227.html

What is the GDPR, the EU’s new data protection law? (2020). Available at: https//gdpr.eu/what-is-gdpr/

White paper “On Artificial Intelligence – A European approach to excellence and trust”. (2020). Available at https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/commission-white-paper-artificial-intelligence-feb2020_en.pdf

YAROVA, A. (2017). Electronic elections in Estonia: Experience for Ukraine. Available at https://ir.lib.vntu.edu.ua/bitstream/handle/123456789/16665/173-175.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

ZAGARIY, V.K., KOVALCHUK, T.G., & SINILNYK, V.V. (2019). Priority of digital economy development for Ukraine. Priazovsky Economic Bulletin, 2(13), 64-68.

Downloads

Published

2022-10-13

How to Cite

KOSILOVA, Olha I.; ROZGHON, Olha V.; SOLODOVNIKOVA, Chrystyna K.; STOLBOVYI, Volodymyr M.; BARABASH, Olha O. Observance of Human Rights in the Use of AI as Technology. Law, State and Telecommunications Review, [S. l.], v. 14, n. 2, p. 38–67, 2022. DOI: 10.26512/lstr.v14i2.41558. Disponível em: https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/RDET/article/view/41558. Acesso em: 23 apr. 2024.