Observance of Human Rights in the Use of AI as Technology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26512/lstr.v14i2.41558Keywords:
Digital Economy. International Legal Regulation. Protection of Rights and Freedoms. Civil Law. Privacy.Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of article is devoted to the study of the specifics of legal regulation, use and development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and related issues of respect for fundamental human rights in modern Ukraine and the EU.
[Methodology] The normative bases of legal regulation of relations in the field of AI are considered. One of the methods, used in this article, is establishment of such general rules for the use of AI that could not violate fundamental human rights.
[Practical Implications] The practical significance lies in establishment that the use of AI is a multi-vector phenomenon that affects all spheres of human life and can violate various groups of rights
[Findings] It was concluded that in order to regulate the use of AI, states need to pay attention to and take into account the Recommendations on AI developed by the European Commission and find a compromise approach to the use of AI, which provides for respect for fundamental human rights.
Downloads
References
A definition of AI: Main capabilities and scientific disciplines High-Level Expert Group on AI. (2019). Available at https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/definition-artificial-intelligence-main-capabilities-and-scientific-disciplines
AI: what is it and how can an ordinary person use it? (2018). Available at https://trainmindpower.com/iskusstvennyj-intellekt/
ALEKSIUK, E. (2019). Deep fake media reality. Available at https://cedem.org.ua/articles/deep-fake/
AZMUK, N. (2019). AI in the process of work in the digital economy: new challenges and opportunities. Donbass Economic Bulletin, 3, 137-145.
BAY, G. (2019). Transformation of HR-technologies under the influence of digitalization of business processes. Economics and Organization of Management, 2, 93-101.
BRUCE, R.-L., STRONG, A., BIELER, K., PEABODY, J., HANLON, E., SINMAO, D., & BOCK, M. (1994). Human development. Report 1994. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
CHUBATYUK, YU. (2018). AI in the service of modern politicum: Threats to democratic principles and the need for new standards. Available at https://www.everest.ua/analytics/shtuchnyj-intelekt-na-sluzhbi-suchasnogo-politykumu-zagrozy-demokratychnym-prynczypam-i-neobhidnist-unovyh-standartah/
Code of Ukraine on administrative offenses. (1984). Available at https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/80731-10#Text
Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on AI for Europe. (2018). Available at https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM%3A2018%3A237%3AFIN
Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. (1997). Available at https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_004#Text
Convention on Cybercrime. (2001). Available at https://rm.coe.int/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices/DisplayDCTMContent?documentId=0900001680081561
Coordinated Plan on Artificial Intelligence (COM (2018) 795 final). (2018). Available at https://ec.europa.eu/knowledge4policy/publication/coordinated-plan-artificial-intelligence-com2018-795-final_en
Criminal Code of Ukraine of April. (2001). Available at https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2341-14#Text
DE HARO, E. (2018). How the enlightenment ends: Philosophically, intellectually – in every way – human society is unprepared for the rise of AI. Available at https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2018/06/henry-kissinger-ai-could-mean-the-end-of-human-history/559124/
DOROZHKO, E. (2018). Electronic petitions in Ukraine. Available at https://www.prostir.ua/?library=elektronni-petytsiji-vukrajini
Draft Law of Ukraine “On the Concept of Implementation of the Electronic Voting System in Ukraine”. (2011). Available at https://ips.ligazakon.net/document/JF6OG00A
DVOROVY, M. (2020). How the Ministry of Education and Science sees AI in Ukraine: Analysis of the concept of AI development. Available at https://dslua.org/publications/yak-mintsyfry-bachyt-ai-v-ukraini-analiz-kontseptsii-rozvytku-shtuchnoho-intelektu/
Electronic court. (2020). Available at https://id.court.gov.ua/
Electronic democracy: Citizens and power. (2012). Available at http://imrussia.org/ru/society/330-edemocracy-citizens-and-the-state
Ethics guidelines for trustworthy AI. (2019). Available at https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/document.cfm?doc_id=60419
European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice (CEPEJ). (2018). Available at https://rm.coe.int/ethical-charter-en-for-publication-4-december-/16808f699c
European Group on Ethics in Science and New Technologies (EGE). (2016). Available at https://ec.europa.eu/info/research-and-innovation/strategy/support-policy-making/scientific-support-eu-policies/ege_en
European Parliament resolution with recommendations to the Commission on Civil Law Rules on Robotics. (2017). Available at https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-8-2017-0051_EN.html
European strategy on Artificial intelligence. (2020). Available at https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/artificial-intelligence
Extreme automation and connectivity: The global, regional, and investment implications of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. (2016). Available at https://www.ip-watch.org/weblog/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/ubs-vierte-industrielle-revolution-2016-01-21.pdf
Facebook is late in protecting personal data. (2020). Available at https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-technology/2787837-facebookzapiznivsa-iz-zahistom-osobistih-danih-cukerberg.html
Facebook to be fined $5bn over Cambridge analytic scandal. (2019). Available at https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-48972327
FENAZZI, S. (2013). Swiss direct democracy in the digital age. Available at https://www.swissinfo.ch/rus
FILIPOVA, I. (2020). Legal regulation of AI: teach. Nizhny Novgorod: Nizhny Novgorod State University.
Forecast of the world economy until 2030E. (2018). Available at https://clck.ru/UKoXZ
FULEY, T. (2015). Application of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights in the administration of justice. Kyiv: OSCE Project Coordinator in Ukraine.
G20 Ministerial Statement on Trade and Digital Economy. (2019). Available at https://www.mofa.go.jp/files/000486596.pdf
Guidelines on AI and Data Protection. (2019). Available at https://rm.coe.int/guidelines-on-artificial-protection/168091f9d8
GURIEVA, M. (2019). AI and “new discrimination”: How do technologies affect human rights and life? Available at https://inspired.com.ua/creative/technology/shtuchnyj-intelekt-ta-nova-dyskryminatsiya-yak-tehnologiyi-vplyvayut-na-prava-ta-zhyttyalyudyny/?fbclid=IwAR3LZx6g_KZFbelRP5BhHWEfb9XJ4ERSdRRZZAiREg5Rf5sG8IEn6xq7v7A
HRYTSIAK, N.V., & SOLOVYOV, S.G. (2013). Electronic democracy as a mechanism of political interaction. Kyiv: National Academy for Public Administration.
Industry 4.0. A policy brief from the Policy Learning Platform on Research and Innovation. (2019). Available at https://www.interregeurope.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/plp_uploads/policy_briefs/INDUSTRY_4.0_Policy_Brief.pdf
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. (1966). Available at https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_043#Text
JAUME-PALASÍ, L., & SPIELKAMP, M. (2018). Digital-Atlas Deutschland: Überblick über die Digitalisierung von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft sowie von KMU, NGOs, Bildungseinrichtungen sowie der Zukunft der Arbeit in Deutschland. Available at https://www.iwconsult.de/aktuelles/projekte/digital-atlas
KAMINSKA, T., KAMINSKY, A., & PASICHNYK, M. (2008). Foreign experience of e-government implementation. Kyiv: National Academy for Public Administration.
KARAVAEV, I. (2020). Online elections in Ukraine: Realities and prospects. Available at https://yur-gazeta.com/publications/practice/informaciyne-pravo-telekomunikaciyi/vibori-onlayn-v-ukrayini-realiyi-ta-perspektivi.html
KARPENKO, O. (2017). Alibaba CEO Jack Ma – on the economy of the future: “Stop hoping for production to create jobs”. Available at https://ain.ua/2017/09/21/dzhek-ma-ob-ekonomike-budushhego/
KRAKOVETSKY, O. (2018). Review of national strategies for the development of AI. Available at https://clck.ru/UKoKZ
Künstliche Intelligenz nur auf Kosten der Menschenrechte? (2020). Available at https://www.wienerzeitung.at/verlagsbeilagen/digitale-republik/2055529-Kuenstliche-Intelligenz-nur-auf-Kosten-der-Menschenrechte.html
KUTSENKO, S. (2017). Protection of personal and personal data on the Internet: problems of legislative regulation. Available at https://ukrainepravo.com/scientific-thought/legal_analyst/zakhist-osobistikh-ta-personalnikh-danikh-v-interneti-problemi-zakonodavchogovregulyuvannya/?fbc
Law of Ukraine No. 2297-VI “On Personal Data Protection”. (2010). Available at https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2297-17#Text
Law of Ukraine No. 254k/96 “On the Adoption of the Constitution of Ukraine and its Entry into Force”. (1996). Available at http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/Z960254.html
Law of Ukraine No. 393/96-VR “On Citizens’ Appeals”. (1996). Available at https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/393/96%D0%B2%D1%80#Text
MARK, D.R., & GURCHETAN, S.G. (2014). Making laws in a digital age. Available at https://www.parliament.uk/ documents/speaker/digital
MILLER, J. (2018). Can a machine have empathy? Available at https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/can-machine-have-empathy-jason-miller
Montreal Declaration for the Responsible Development of AI Launched. (2018). Available at https://www.declarationmontreal-iaresponsable.com/la-declaration
MSI-AUT Committee of experts on Human Rights Dimensions of automated data processing and different forms of artificial intelligence. (2020). Available at https://www.coe.int/en/web/freedom-expression/msi-aut
New guidelines on Artificial intelligence and data protection. (2019). Available at https://www.coe.int/en/web/human-rights-rule-of-law/-/new-guidelines-on-artificial-intelligence-and-data-protection
Notification on holding a public discussion of the draft order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine “On approval of the Concept of AI development in Ukraine”. (2020). Available at https://thedigital.gov.ua/regulations/povidomlennya-pro-provedennya-publichnogo-gromadskogo-obgovorennya-proyektu-rozporyadzhennya-kabinetu-ministriv-ukrayini-pro-shvalennya-koncepciyi-rozvitku-shtuchnogo-intelektu-v-ukrayini
Order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine “On Approval of the Concept of Development of Artificial Intelligence in Ukraine”. (2020). Available at https://www.kmu.gov.ua/npas/pro-shvalennya-koncepciyi-rozvitku-shtuchnogo-intelektu-v-ukrayini-s21220
Order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 67 “On Approval of the Concept of Development of the Digital Economy and Society of Ukraine for 2018-2020 and Approval of the Action Plan for its Implementation”. (2018). Available at https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/67-2018-%D1%80#Text
OSIPOV, G. (2001). AI: State of research and look into the future. Artificial Intelligence News, 1, 3-13.
Outcome Document: First version of a draft text of a Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence. (2020). Available at https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000373434
PARISER, E. (2011). Beware online “filter bubbles”. Available at https://www.ted.com/talks/eli_pariser_beware_online_filter_bubbles/transcript?language=uk
PAVLYUK, O. (2019). Elections on a smartphone. How social media and messengers influence politics? Available at https://hromadske.ua/posts/vibori-v-smartfoni-yak-socialni-media-ta-mesendzheri-vplivayut-napolitiku?fbclid=iwar3yxikzfemzjegi09byrunqmqeke62ls5im1gh7wilqaxzfsp0awnwx9-s
PETRYSHYN, O.V., POGORILKO, V., & Prytyka, D. (Eds). (2003). Scientific and practical commentary on the Constitution of Ukraine. Available at https://jurisprudence.club/pravo-konstitutsionnoe/konstitutsiya-ukrajini-naukovo-praktichniy.html
PONOMARENKO, I.V. (2018). Practical aspects of application of innovative digital technologies in marketing activities. Economic Bulletin of the National Technical University of Ukraine “Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, 15, 413-421.
PRAVDYCHENKO, A. (2019). Personal data online: Problems of regulation and prospects of protection. Available at https://cedem.org.ua/articles/personalni-dani-onlajn/
Protocol to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. (1952). Available at https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/994_535#Text
PYRMA, R. (2019). Political facets of digital citizenship. Power, 4, 69-78.
Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC. (2016). Available at https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/679/oj
RENTYUK, V. (2019a). Merging AI and the “Internet of Things”. Control Engineering Russia, 2(80), 60-72.
RENTYUK, V. (2019b). Robots, artificial “intelligence” and us. How can we live together? Part 2. Control Engineering Russia, 4(82), 58-62.
Report on the Rule of Law. (2011). Available at https://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL-AD(2011)003rev-e
Report on the safety and liability aspects of AI, 2020 (Cm COM (2020) 64 final). (2020). Available at https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/en/TXT/?qid=1593079180383&uri=CELEX:52020DC0064
Revised European Charter for the participation of young people in public life at local and regional level. (2015). Available at https://rm.coe.int/168071b58f
ROZGHON, O. (2020). AI as digital technology in the economic development of society: Economic and legal aspects. In: T. Nestorenko, M. Gawron-Lapuszek (Eds.), Modern Technologies in the Development of Economy and Human Well-Being. Katowice: Publishing House of University of Technology.
SAVCHUK, O. (2015). Electronic election systems: voting procedures and material means. International experience. Available at http://euinfocenter.rada.gov.ua/uploads/documents/28966.pdf
SHEMSHUCHENKO, V. (2020). Artificial intelligence of justice. Available at https://cedem.org.ua/analytics/shtuchnyj-intelekt-pravosuddia/
SHIMKIV, D. (2015). Detected manipulation of signatures will not preclude consideration of the president’s petition for weapons rights. Available at https://www.5.ua/suspilstvo/shymkiv-vyiavleni-manipuliatsii-z-pidpysamy-ne-zashkodiat-rozghliadu-prezydentom-petytsii-pro-pravo-nazbroiu-92582.html
SOROKA, L. (2019). Legal framework and possible risks of using AI and space technologies. Law and Suspension, 6(2), 209-215.
SPITZER, M. (2014). Anti-brain: Digital technologies and the brain. Moscow: AST.
SUKHOTERIN, A.I., EREMINA, E.V., & KRUCHININA, S.A. (2018). Modern trends in the development of AI: Accumulated experience, problematic issues and prospects. Information Technology Bulletin, 4, 117-124.
UNESCO launches study on AI for Sustainable Development at IGF 2019. (2019). Available at https://en.unesco.org/news/unescolaunches-study-artificial-intelligence-sustainable-development-igf-2019
UNESCO unveils summary research on AI’s implications on human rights at 40th Human Rights Council. (2019). Available at https://en.unesco.org/news/unesco-unveils-summary-research-ais-implications-human-rights-40th-human-rights-council
UNESCO’s expert group revises the draft text of the Recommendation on the ethics of AI. (2020). Available at https://en.unesco.org/news/unescos-expert-group-revises-draft-text-recommendation-ethics-artificial-intelligence
VARAKINA, O. (2019). Permitting consequences. Legal Practice, 51(1147), 17-18.
VAULINA, F. (2019). AI taught to write fake news. Available at https://zn.ua/ukr/TECHNOLOGIES/shtuchniy-intelekt-navchilipisati-feykovi-novini-321845_.html
VORONKOV, O. (2019). Will Ukraine be safe in a smartphone? Four steps of data protection. Available at https://nv.ua/ukr/biz/experts/bezpeka-danih-ukrajinciv-derzhava-v-smartfoni-yak-ce-bude-pracyuvati-50049227.html
What is the GDPR, the EU’s new data protection law? (2020). Available at: https//gdpr.eu/what-is-gdpr/
White paper “On Artificial Intelligence – A European approach to excellence and trust”. (2020). Available at https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/commission-white-paper-artificial-intelligence-feb2020_en.pdf
YAROVA, A. (2017). Electronic elections in Estonia: Experience for Ukraine. Available at https://ir.lib.vntu.edu.ua/bitstream/handle/123456789/16665/173-175.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
ZAGARIY, V.K., KOVALCHUK, T.G., & SINILNYK, V.V. (2019). Priority of digital economy development for Ukraine. Priazovsky Economic Bulletin, 2(13), 64-68.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Law, State and Telecommunications Review
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
By submitting this paper to the Law, State and Telecommunications Review,
I hereby declare that I agree to the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).