Elementos-chave de uma teoria da sociedade mundial
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-699220183302005Palavras-chave:
Sistema mundial, Evolução sociocultural, Complexidade global, Diferenciação funcional, Mecanismos de globalizaçãoResumo
Esse artigo oferece uma visão geral dos insights necessários para se construir uma teoria da sociedade mundial. A seção 1 define o conceito de sociedade e busca identificar tipos diferentes de sociedade que podem ser observados na história dos sistemas sociais humanos; 2 conecta o argumento sobre a sequência de tipos de sociedade com uma reconstrução dos padrões de povoamento da Terra por grupos de humanos; e 3 apresenta um conceito geral de evolução sociocultural como o processo básico de formação das sociedades. O artigo então muda seu foco para a formação da sociedade mundial moderna como a forma contemporânea da sociedade (séculos XVIII ao XXI) e 4 define os principais aspectos da complexidade do sistema mundial e o nexo com a diferenciação funcional; 5 identifica as revoluções inclusivas que ocorrem desde o século XVIII como pontos de partida dos sistemas de função global como a economia, a educação, a ciência e as instituições políticas, e 6 explica a inter-relação dos sistemas de função a outras autoestruturas (Eigenstructures) emergentes da sociedade mundial (as redes globais, organizações globais, comunidades epistêmicas e sistemas de interação global); finalmente, 7 debruça-se sobre mecanismos básicos da globalização - a saber, comunicação, migração, observação e conhecimento.
Tradução: Diogo Saraiva
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